Objective To compare the effect of three methods in diagnosis of plague by detecting of Yersina pestis F1 antigen. Methods In natural foci of plague, wild animal samples, such as blood, liver, spleen,and lymphoid tissue were collected, and the three methods of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),reverse indirect hemagglutination assay(RIHA) and gold-immunochromatography assay(GICA) were employed to detect F1 antigen of Yersina pestis. Results Total of 414 infused organ samples of natural death and captured wild animals in natural foci of plague were determined. Positive samples detected by GICA and ELISA were the same,the positive rates were 5.31%(22/414), both positive and negative coincidence rates were consistently 100%. Only 18 samples were positive by retrial in 186 samples with more than 2 holes aggregation by preliminary examination of RIHA, with nonspecific agglutination rate of 40.6% (168/414) and positive rate of 4.35% (18/414). The positive coincidence rate was 81.82% (18/22) between RIHA with GICA and ELISA, and negative coincidence rate was statistically significant(t = 4.379, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusions ELISA, RIHA and GICA can be used for early diagnosis of plague by detecting F1 antigen. The results of RIHA have quantitative significance, with higher non-specific agglutination rate, and heavy workload of re-examination; GICA and ELISA has the same specificity and sensitivity, but the results of GICA is only qualitative. ELISA excluded the defect of RIHA and GICA, and combines the advantages of both methods.

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE : To study the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of bear bile powder (BBP) in Shexiang Tongxin Dripping Pill (STDP) , and to provide scientific evidence for treating atherosclerosis (AS) by its therapeutic characteristics of cool resuscitation.

METHODSAS model was duplicated using ApoE-/- gene knocked mice fed with high-fat diet. Thirty ApoE-/- deficient male mice were divided into four groups according to body weight using random digit table, i.e., the model group (A, n =9), the STDP group (B, n=E7), the STDP without BBP group (C, n =7), and the BBP group (D, n =9). Besides, another 9 C57BL/6J male mice of the same age were recruited as a normal control group (E). All mice in Group B, C, and D were respectively administered with corresponding drugs (30, 30, and 0. 33 mg/kg) by gastrogavage. Equal volume of normal saline was administered to mice in Group A and E. All medication lasted for 8 successive weeks. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α), interferon y (IFNγ), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were measured by ELISA. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), activities of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined using biochemical assay. Contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the aortic root was detected by dihydroethidum (DHE) fluorescent probe. Expression levels of microRNAs (such as miR-20, miR-21, miR-126, and miR-155) were detected by real-time PCR.

RESULTSThe fluorescence intensity of the aorta was obviously enhanced in Group A. But it was obviously attenuated in Group B, C, and D, and the attenuation was the most in Group B. Compared with Group E, serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, oxLDL, and MDA all increased (P <0. 01), GSH contents and SOD activities decreased (P <0. 01), expression levels of miR-126, miR-21, and miR-155 in aorta increased (P <0. 01), and the expression level of miR-20 decreased in Group A (P<0. 01). Compared with Group A, serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, oxLDL, and MDA were all down-regulated (P <0. 01), GSH contents and SOD activities were up-regulated (P <0. 01), expression levels of miR-126, miR-21, and miR-155 in aorta were down-regulated in Group B, C, and D (P <0. 01). The expression level of miR20 was up-regulated in Group B and D (P <0. 01). Compared with Group B, serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ increased (P <0.01); GSH contents and SOD activities decreased, levels of MDA and oxLDL increased (P <0. 01) in Group C and D. Expression levels of miR-20 and miR-155 were down-regulated in Group C and D (P <0. 01).

CONCLUSIONSSTDP played roles in significantly regulating inflammatory factors and oxidative stress factors. Its mechanism might be possibly associated with regulating expressions of miR-126, miR-21, miR-155, and miR-20 in aorta. BBP played significant roles in STDP.

Animals ; Aorta ; Apolipoproteins E ; metabolism ; Atherosclerosis ; Bile ; Cytokines ; Diet, High-Fat ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oxidative Stress ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; drug therapy ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; Ursidae

Objective To evaluate the clinical application and significance of lengthen-stem bipolar-femur prosthetic replacement for the treatment of old-age patients with intertrochanteric fracture osteoporosis.Methods 28 cases of patients aging from 75 to 99 years old of intertrochanteric fracture osteoporosis treated with lengthen- stem cemented bipolar prosthesis were studicd from March 2000 to December 2006.After taking the blank margin, the bones of different sizes were replaced and the steel wire was fixed.After determining the depth of the front an- gle,the artificial bone was placed.Results After 28 examples attaining the following-up examination for 7 months to 3 years,with an average of 1.5 years,its function according to Harris standard was evaluated 3 months after the operation,8 examples were excellent,13 examples good,5 examples pass,2 examples inferior.The excellent or good rate reached 75% ,with no abnormal cases,no joint dislocation during the followed-up period.1 example had the phantom phenomenon 1 year after the operation.2 examples among the inferior had got more serious internal medicine disease which affected the restoring function.1 example died of the internal medicine disease 1 year after the operation.Conclusion By using the lengthen-stem bipolar-femur prosthetic replacement for the treatment of old patients with inrertrochanteric fracture osteoporosis,the patients will restore quickly after the operation and can carry a heavy load at an early time.The illness complication and the mortality rate will be redaced.But its related disease must be strictly dealt with and the surgery operating skill must be grasped.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the origin of mixed germ cell tumors in the pineal region based on the image data, surgical findings and pathological examination of the tumor.

METHODSThe preoperative CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and tumor specimens were retrospectively analyzed in 15 cases of pineal mixed germ cell tumors confirmed by postoperative histological examination between January 2000 and September 2010.

RESULTSRadiographic examination of the tumor revealed calcification in 12 cases, cystic changes in 10 cases, and the presence of lipid in 5 cases. On the anteroposterior images, the tumors appeared round or elliptic with smooth edge in 6 cases, and showed irregular shape with multiple processes on the edge in 9 cases. Surgical exploration found all the tumors located in the the suprapineal recess enclosed by the arachnoidal envelope of the Galen vein. Pathologically, 13 specimens contained germinoma component, 9 contained teratoma component, 4 had embryonic carcinoma component, 3 had choriocarcinoma component, 7 showed yolk sac tumor component, and 3 showed rhabdomyoma component. Germinoma components were found on the tumor margin in 7 specimens, and intermingled germinoma and other components were found in 10 specimens.

CONCLUSIONPineal mixed germ cell tumor originates from the residue germ cells around the pineal gland, and most likely evolves from single primordial germ cells.

Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; pathology ; Pineal Gland ; pathology ; Pinealoma ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of serum from scalded rats on the cytoskeleton of colonic smooth muscle cells (CSMC) of rats cultured in vitro, and to probe the possible mechanism of gastrointestinal motility disorder after burn.

METHODSCSMC isolated from healthy adult Wistar rat were cultured and divided into scald serum group (SS) and normal serum group (NS) according to the random number talbi. Two normal Wistar rats were used, one of which was inflicted with deep partial-thickness scald. Serum was obtained from blood collected from these two rats respectively and diluted to 20% in concentration. Serum from scald and normal rats were respectively added to the culture of CSMC in SS and NS groups. The expression of actin and the relative content of β-tubulin in CSMC was respectively determined with flow cytometry and Western blot at post treatment hour (PTH) 1, 3, 6, and 12 (with 10 samples in each group at each time point). Data were processed with t test.

RESULTSFluorescence intensity of actin in SS group at PTH 1, 3, 6, and 12 was respectively 59 ± 4, 26 ± 6, 39 ± 6, and 42 ± 6, all significantly lower than those in NS group (95 ± 10, 91 ± 10, 102 ± 9, and 97 ± 9, with t value respectively 10.528, 18.069, 18.748, 16.647, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In SS group, the fluorescence intensity decreased to the nadir at PTH 3, and then increased persistently at PTH 6 and 12. (2) Relative content of β-tubulin in SS group at PTH 1, 3, 6, and 12 was respectively 14.44 ± 0.26, 8.61 ± 0.19, 11.76 ± 0.31, and 12.13 ± 0.29, all significantly less than those in NS group (22.37 ± 1.15, 21.87 ± 1.79, 23.24 ± 1.55, and 21.99 ± 2.02, with t value respectively 21.176, 23.365, 23.000, 15.273, P values all below 0.01). In SS group, the relative content of β-tubulin decreased to the nadir at PTH 3 and increased slowly at PTH 6 and 12.

CONCLUSIONSThe reduction of CMSC content which has the tendency of increasing later, can be attributed to the influence of scald serum in initial stage. This may be related to the tolerance and adaptation to scald serum and self-repair of CMSC.

Animals ; Burns ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Colon ; cytology ; Cytoskeleton ; metabolism ; Male ; Microtubules ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Serum

BACKGROUNDEfficient cell adhesion and proliferation is a central issue in cell-based tissue engineering, which offers great promise for repair of urethral defects or strictures. This study evaluated the adhesion and growth of rabbit uroepithelium on a surface-modified three-dimensional poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold.

METHODSUrethral mucosa were harvested from male New Zealand rabbits and the urothelium were dissociated and then cultured. Immunocytochemistry on cultured uroepithelium for pancytokeratin and uroplakin II and TE-7 confirmed pure populations. After in vitro proliferation, cells were seeded onto a surface-modified urethral scaffold with non-knitted filaments. The morphology and viability of the cells were examined by immunohistochemical and fluorescence staining. Inverted and scanning microscopes were used to document cell growth and adhesion.

RESULTSThree to five days after primary culture, the uroepithelial cells gradually became confluent, assuming a cobblestone pattern. The filaments of the urethral scaffold had excellent biocompatibility and allowed growth of the uroepithelium, without affecting viability. The uroepithelial cells adhered to and grew well on the scaffold. After 3 - 7 days, the cells grew vigorously and meshes of the scaffold were full of uroepitheliums.

CONCLUSIONSThe surface-modified urethral scaffold with non-knitted filaments allows the growth of uroepithelium and can serve as a carrier for the tissue engineering of urethra.

Absorbable Implants ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; physiology ; Lactic Acid ; Male ; Polyesters ; Polymers ; Rabbits ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Urethra ; cytology

Objective To detect the SNR and geometric accuracy of MRI based on American College of Radiology (ACR)standards.Methods The SNR and geometric accuracy of Siemens Skyra 3.0T,Siemens Trio 3.0T and GE Excite HD 1.5T MRI were measured with ACR phantom,and the detection results were calculated according to the standards.Results The SNR values of Siemens Skyra 3.0T,Siemens Trio 3.0T and GE Excite HD 1.5T MRI were 589.98,438.50 and 277.12 respectively.Siemens Skyra 3.0T MRI had the values of geometric accuracy being-1.93％ at X direction,-3.20％ at Y direction and 0.68％ at Z direction,Siemens Trio 3.0T MRI had the value of geometric accuracy being-0.87％ at X direction,-2.33％ at Y direction and 1.49％ at Z direction,GE Excite HD 1.5T MRI had the values of geometric accuracy being 0.20％ at X direction,-1.53％ at Y direction and 1.69％ at Z direction.Conclusion The detection of the SNR and geometric accuracy of MRI can effectively guarantee the image quality.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the ASES, Constant and HSS score systems and their significance on postoperative function of the shoulder.

METHODSTotally 172 cases of proximal humeral fracture of five affiliated hospital from September 2004 to September 2008 were analyzed. All the functional outcome of the involved shoulder were evaluated by ASES, Constant, HSS score and patient self score. The correlations and agreement of three shoulder scales were analyzed with Pearson correlation test and Bland-Altman plot in different age groups and fracture types.

RESULTS(1) The Constant score were lower than other two scores in the same age group and fracture type (F = 13.62 and 4.80, P < 0.05). (2) The correlations between three shoulder scales: ASES and Constant (r = 0.754, P = 0.0003), ASES and HSS (r = 0.755, P = 0.0001), Constant and HSS (r = 0.858, P = 0.0002). The correlations between three shoulder scales and patient self evaluation: ASES (r = 0.602, P = 0.0002), Constant (r = 0.705, P = 0.0001), HSS (r = 0.663, P = 0.0037). The Bland-Altman plot shows three shoulder scales have good agreement. (3)The correlation between Constant score and patient self evaluation decreased in the elder group and severe fracture type.

CONCLUSIONSASES, Constant, HSS shoulder score systems are all fit to evaluate the functional outcome of the shoulder, they have good correlation and agreement. Constant score in recommended for its high correlation coefficient with patient self evaluation score. However, its age bias must be paid attention in clinical practice. ASES shoulder score can be used in remote follow-up.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Shoulder Joint ; physiopathology ; Trauma Severity Indices ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDIn order to improve the clinical treatment level of urinary system injury, it is necessary to build up an animal model of urinary system wound, which is not only analogous to real clinical practice, but also simple and practical.

METHODSWe have developed the third generation of firearm fragment wound generator based on the first and the second producer. The best explosive charge of the blank cartridge was selected by gradient powder loading experiments. The firearm fragment injuries were made to the bulbous urethra of 10 New Zealand male rabbits. One week preoperatively and 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, all the animals underwent urethroscopy and urethrography. At 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, two animals were randomly selected and killed, and the urethra was cut off for pathological examination.

RESULTSThe shooting distance of the third generation of firearm fragment wound generator is 2 cm. The best explosive charge of the blank cartridge is 1 g of nitrocotton. All rabbits survived the procedures and stayed alive until they were killed. Injuries were limited to bulbous urethra and distal urethra. Round damaged areas, 1-1.5 cm in length, on the ventral wall were observed. Ureteroscopy results showed that canal diameter gradually shrank by over 50% in 9 rabbits. The rate of success was 90%. Urethrography result noted that a 1-1.3 cm stricture was formed at the bulbous urethra. Histology results of injured stricture urethra showed that fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia and hyaline degeneration caused further stricture in the canal.

CONCLUSIONSThe third generation of firearm fragment wound generator imitates the bullet firing process and is more accurate and repeatable. The corresponding rabbit model of traumatic complex urethral stricture simulates the real complex clinical conditions. This animal model provides a standardized platform for clinical researches on treating traumatic injuries to the urinary system.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Penis ; surgery ; Rabbits ; Urethra ; surgery ; Urethral Stricture ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: From the perspective of clinical application to analyze the effectiveness and reliability of CPC/PMMA bone cement in percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for the treatment of elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 62 patients with osteoporotic compression fracture of single-vertebral thoracic or lumbar segment who underwent PKP surgery and had a bone density less than or equal to -3.0 SD from February 2016 to December 2016. Among them, 23 patients were in CPC/PMMA group, with an average age of (77.6±2.2) years old, 39 patients in PMMA group, with an average age of (77.1±1.1) years old. The indexes between two groups were compared, including the visual analogue scale (VAS), height ratio of anterior vertebra (AVHR), local Cobb angle, cement leakage, new adjacent vertebral fracture(NAVF). RESULTS: There were no significant difference in gender, age, follow-up time and preoperative VAS, AVHR, local Cobb angle between two groups (>0.05), at the 1 day after operation, VAS, AVHR, local Cobb angle in all patients got obvious improvement (<0.05), which was no significant difference at 1 day after operation and final follow-up (>0.05). At the same time, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of new adjacent vertebral fracture and cement leakage (>0.05). The pain in both groups continued to improve at follow up after operation (<0.05), the local Cobb angle increased (<0.05) and AVHR decreased slightly (<0.05). However, the images of conventional methods (X-ray or CT) could not find signs about CPC degeneration and new bone ingrowth. CONCLUSION CPC/PMMA composite bone cement is safe and reliablein PKP for treatment of elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures, which can effectively relieve pain and maintain vertebral body stability. It has the same curative effect as PMMA bone cement. It was worthy to research more in future, although no direct evidences support the CPC/PMMA composite bone cement can reduce the incidence of adjacent vertebral fracture, CPC degeneration or new bone ingrowth.
Aged ; Bone Cements ; Dinucleoside Phosphates ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Kyphoplasty ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; Treatment Outcome ; Vertebroplasty