Objective To investigate the effects of FTY720 on retinal photoreceptor cells and microglial following light-induced degeneration in rat retina.Methods 120 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups including FTY720 group,solvent control group,model group and normal group.The rats of normal group were not intervened.The FTY720 group,solvent control group and model group establish retinal light injury mode.FTY720 was injected into abdominal cavity of the rats in FTY720 group 0.5 hours before light exposure.50％ dimethylsulfoxide was injected into abdominal cavity of the rats in solvent control group.The expressions of microglial cells in rat retinal were quantified using flow cytometry,the expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β were examined by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay at 6 hours,1 day,3 days,7 days after light exposure.The apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells were measured by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling at 1 day after light exposure.The morphological change of retinal were viewed by haematoxylin and eosin staining at 7 days after light exposure.Results The expressions of microgilal and IL-1β began to rise at 1 day after light exposure,reached at peak at 3 days and decreased at 7 days.The expressions of IL-1βand microglial in FTY720 group were significantly lower than solvent control group and model group,but higher than normal group (P＜0.05).One day after exposure to light,the apoptosis cell ratio in normal group,model group,solvent control group and FTY720 group were 0,(87.66 ± 2.50) ％,(86.00 ± 2.44) ％,(49.66 ± 2.80) ％.The apoptosis cell in FTY720 group were higher than normal group,lower than solvent control group and model group (P＜0.05).Seven days after exposure to light,the retinal in normal group was structured and the cell was arranged well,the cell in solvent control group and model group was irregular arrangement and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) was thin after light exposure.The thickness of the ONL in FTY720 group was significantly higher than solvent control group and model group,below normal group.Conclusion FTY720 can prevents retinal photoreceptor cells from apoptosis and inhibits activation of microglial.

Objective To study the characteritics of the species distribution, vancomycin resistance phenotypes, and genotypes in Enterococci in Shenzhen Second People,s Hospital. Methods Screening vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) with agar screen, and detecting the phenotypes and genotypes of vancomycin resistance or intermediate enterococci with E test and multiple PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results Among 310 Enterococcus spp strains isolated f rom clinical samples, 235 strains (75.8 %) were Enterococcus faecalis, 71 strains (22.9 %)were E. f aecium, 3 strains (1.0%) were Enterococcus gallinarum, and 1 strains (0.3%) was Enterococcus casseliflavus. 7 strains were vancomycin-resistant or intermediate to Enterococci, vanA for 2 strains were detected, vanC1 for 3 strains were detected, vanC2/3 for 1 strains was detected, 1 strains was unknown. Their phenotypes confirmed to the genotypes. Conclusion 2 strains vanA were found. It is important for clinical laboratory to detect VRE with right methods to instruct rational application of antibiotics clinically and prevent VRE prevalence.

Objective To study human prostate cancer tissue specific hytk gene therapy vector using prostate specific antigen (PSA) promoter,and to determine its feasibility. Methods A prostate tissue specific hygromycin phosphotransferase thymidine kinase fusion gene(hytk)vector was established with the substitution of CMV promotor in tgCMV/hytk vector with PSA promotor.The vector was transferred into prostate carcinoma cell lines with FuGENE TM 6.Antitumor effects were observed after GCV treatment. Results PSA promoter that actively drives hytk gene was expressed only in the PSA producing prostate cell line(LNCaP).In vitro experiments demonstrated the LNCaP cells transferred by HyTK gene were killed in the presence of GCV treatment. Conclusions Hytk based vector harboring PSA promoter is a novel ideal candidate vector for prostate carcinoma gene therapy.

BACKGROUND: Exercise preconditioning can lighten exercise-induced muscle damage, thereby to avoid delayed onset muscle soreness. At present, experimental research is scarce that apply intedeukin-6 (IL-6), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MM) to evaluate skeletal muscle damage.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of exercise precondiUoning on muscle damage at different phases after eccentric exercise and changes of blood IL-6, CK and CK-MM.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized control animal expedmant was carded out in the Animal Laboratory of Chengdu Sports University between 2006 and 2007. MATERIALS: Eighty female adult SD rats, weighing (231.3+12.44) g, were adopted. Eighty rats were randomly divided into without exercise preconditioning group (n=40) and exercise preconditioning group (n=40). Each group was assigned into 5 subsets, termed before exercise, immediately after exercise, 24, 48, 72 hours after exercise, with 8 rats in each subset. METHODS: Except before exercise subset, other rats in the without exercise preconditioning group were forced to do treadmill exercise (19-21 m/min, -16° incline, 90 minutes). All rats of exercise preconditioning group were forced to do eccentric treadmill exercise for two weeks. After two weeks, treadmill test was made for rats except before exercise subset. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Soleus muscle structure, blood IL-6, CK and CK-MM immediately, 24, 48, 72 hours after eccentric exercise.RESULTS: The soleus muscle was damaged after exercise, especially in without exercise preconditioning group at 24-48 hours after exercise. Blood IL-6 of without exercise preconditioning group increased significantly immediately after exercise and then gradually decreased, but again raised at 72 hours after exercise. In the exercise preconditioning group, blood IL-6 slightly reduced immediately after exercise and then gradually increased. Peak value appeared at 48 hours. After exercise, IL-6 of exercise preconditioning group was obviously lower than that of without exercise preconditioning group. Before exercise, serum CK and CK-MM of exercise preconditioning group were less than that of without exercise preconditioning group. After exercise, the CK and CK-MM were firstly raised and then reduced in two groups. Except 72 hours after exercise subset, the variation of CK and CK-MM of exercise preconditioning group was lower than that of without of exercise preconditioning group. CONCLUSION: Exercise preconditioning is redounded to lighten the ultrastructure injury of skeletal muscle induced by eccentric exercise and blood indices changes induced by exercise stress. The individual variation of CK and CK-MM is so tremendous that they fit the comparison of intrasubject variability.

Objective To observe the change of vascular endothelial cells and structure of the auricular posterior vein caused by freezing or pingyangmycin injection alone and freezing in combination with pingyangmycin injection,to investigate the effect of these treatments on the vein. Methods Eighteen rabbits were divided into 3 groups of 6 each, and another rabbit was used as a control. (Pingyangmycin) was injected into the auricular posterior vein in the first group, spray freezing within 20 seconds on the auricular posterior vein was performed in the second group,and freezing in combination with pingyangmycin injection was performed in the third group. Light microscope and transmission electron microscope were used to observe the change of auricular posterior vein in the rabbits.Results Proliferation of endothelial cells,and thickening of vessel wall were induced by pingyangmycin. Thrombus formation, tissue oedema and inflammatory infiltration induced by spray freezing within 20 seconds were reversible. Thrombus formation, proliferation of endothelial cells and thickening of the vessel wall was induced by freezing in combination with pingyangmycin injection.Conclusion Freezing and pingyangmycin injection have the synergistic effect, resulting in the proliferation of endothelial cells, thrombus formation, thickening of vessel wall, and even occlusion of vessels.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically analyze the efficacy and safety of benazepril vs. captopril in the treatment of prima-ry hypertension and provide evidence-based reference for the clinical treatment. METHODS:Cochrane Library,PubMed,EM-Base,CJFD,VIP database and Wanfang database were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCT) of benazepril (experiment group)vs. captopril(control group)in the treatment of primary hypertension. After information collection and quality evaluation,Meta-analysis was conducted by using Rev Man 5.0 software. RESULTS:Totally 7 RCTs involving 405 patients were in-cluded. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the level of systolic blood pressure(SBP)[MD=-2.06,95%CI(-3.75,-0.38), P=0.02] and diastolic blood pressure(DBP)[MD=-3.10,95%CI(-5.19,-1.01),P=0.004] in experiment group was sig-nificantly lower than control group;however,there were no significant differences between the efficacy rate of antihypertension [OR=1.63,95%CI(0.69,3.83),P=0.26] and incidence of adverse drug reactions(ADR)[OR=0.81,95%CI(0.46,1.41),P=0.45] in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Benazepril can more effectively lower the blood pressure of patients with primary hypertension than captopril. Due to the limitation of methodology quality,it remains to be further verified by high-quality and large-sample RCT.

Objective To evaluate the blood-saving effect of prophylactic use of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods Sixty ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 18-60 yr,weighing 45-80 kg,scheduled for elective orthotopic liver transplantation,were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:prophylactic use group (group P) and therapeutic use group (group T).Immediately after induction of anesthesia (T1),at 30 min of anhepatic phase (T2),and at 30 min and 2 h of neohepatic phase (T3,4),central venous blood samples were collected to determine plasma fibrinogen concentration (Fib) and platelet count,and the arterial blood samples were obtained to detect thromboelastography (TEG) parameters.In group T,when lysis after 30 min＞7.5％ and Clot Index ≤ 1.0 according to the results of TEG,which indicating that primary hyperfibrinolysis occurred,tranexamic acid 15-20 mng/kg was injected intravenously.In group P,immediately after beginning of skin incision,immediately after occlusion of portal vein,and immediately after portal vein unclamping,tranexamic acid 1 g was injected intravenously,and a single injection of tranexamic acid 15-20 mg/kg was given when primary hyperfibrinolysis occurred.The intraoperative blood loss,fluid input and output and transfusion of blood components were recorded.The duration of stay in ICU,amount of abdominal drainage during stay in ICU,volume of blood transfused within 72 h after operation,and hepatic artery and portal vein thrombosis within 1 week after operation were recorded.Results Compared with group T,the intraoperative blood loss,volume of succinylated gelatin injection transfused,and requirement for platelet and cryoprecipitate were significantly reduced,Angle at T2 and lysis after 30 min at T2,3 and maximum amplitude at T3 were increased,and no significant change was found in the duration of stay in ICU,postoperative amount of abdominal drainage and volume of blood transfused in group P.No patients developed primary hyperfibrinolysis in group P.No hepatic artery and portal vein thrombosis was detected within 1 week after operation in the two groups.Conclusion Prophylactic use of tranexamic acid can effectively prevent hyperfibrinolysis and reduce intraoperative blood loss without increasing the risk of development of thrombosis,and it provides better blood-saving effect than therapeutic use guided by TEG in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation.

Objective To analyze the association of polymorphisms of estrogen receptor (ER) α and β genes with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Chinese Han cohort of Yunnan Province.Methods XbaⅠ and Pvu Ⅱ of ERα gene,Rsa Ⅰ and Alu Ⅰ of ERβ gene were typed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 697 SLE patients and 638 healthy controls.The frequency distribution of the alleles and genotypes were analyzed by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test and x2 test.Results ① For ERα gene,the frequency of minor allele of Pvu Ⅱ C in SLE patients was significantly higher than healthy controls (x2=15.427,P=0.001);the allele frequencies of XbaⅠ in SLE patients showed no significant difference compared with healthy controls (P＞0.05).The frequency of minor genotype of Pvu Ⅱ CC in SLE patients was significantly higher than healthy controls (x2=17.371,P=0.011).The frequency of two locus haplotype AATT in SLE patients was significantly lower than healthy controls (x2=6.333,P=0.012);the frequency of the two locus haplotype AACC in SLE patients was significantly higher than healthy controls (x2=7.771,P=0.038).② For ERβ gene,the frequency of minor allele RsaⅠ A in SLE patients was significantly lower than healthy controls (x2=12.595,P=0.013);the allele frequencies of Alu Ⅰ in SLE patients showed no significant differences compared with the healthy controls (P＞0.05).The frequency of minor genotype AA of Rsa Ⅰ in SLE patients was significantly higher than healthy controls (x2=41.456,P=0.000).The frequency of two locus haplotype AAGG in SLE patients was significantly higher than healthy controls (x2=37.063,P=0.000).The frequency of the two locus haplotype AAGA in SLE patients was significantly lower than healthy controls(x2=21.086,P=0.001).③ Pvu Ⅱ C was related with splenomegaly (x2=4.212,P＜0.05).The two locus haplotype AGTC of Xba Ⅰ and Pvu Ⅱ was related with edema (x2=7.898,P＜0.05).Conclusion There are associations between the polymorphisms of ERα and ERβ genes and SLE.The ERα and ERβ genes may be the susceptible genes for SLE in Yunnan Han Chinese Cohort.

Objective Investigate the clinical efficacy of treating retreated smear-positive tuberculosis patients with conventional anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy combined with levofloxacin. Methods Divide 60 retreated smear-positive tuberculosis patients registered in our hospital between October 2012 and October 2014 into two groups using random number table method: levofloxacin group and conventional treatment group. Each group contains 30 patients that were treated for 9 months , and the efficacy the both treatment methods were compared. Results The sputum conversion rate in the levofloxacin group is 93.33% and 96.67% after treating for 6 months and 9 months , respectively; which are substantial higher than that of the conventional treatment group with sputum conversion rate of 70% and 73.33% after 6 months and 9 months of treatment , respectively (P < 0.05). The absorption rate of the levofloxacin group is significantly higher than that of the conventional treatment group (P < 0.05). The cavity improvement rate of the levofloxacin group is 73.33%, which is significantly higher than that of the conventional treatment group (33.33%) (P < 0.05). The clinical efficacy of the LVFX group is substantially higher than the routine treatment group (P < 0.05). The overall effectiveness of LVFX group reached 100% , which is significantly higher than that of the conventional treatment group (86.67%) (P < 0.05). Conclusions Levofloxacin combined with conventional anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy can effectively improve the clinical efficacy in the treatment of tuberculosis.

Medical therapy,education and scientific research are three functions of a hospital,in which education is one of the core tasks.The author thinks that we should strengthen the cultivation of the teachers;raise the level of the managements;increase the teaching input and reinforce the reform of education and scientific research so as to drive and improve the development of the hospital.