Objective To study the risk factors of preschool recurrent wheezing in Anhui area. Methods The clinical data from 816 children were collected through a questionnaire. The risk factors of preschool recurrent wheezing were investigated by logistic regression analysis. Results Preschool recurrent wheezing was associated with premature delivery, caesarean section, early weight gain(0 ~ 3 m), food allergy, allergic rhinitis, eczema, asthma or allergic rhinitis history of parents, passive smoking, viral infection and mycoplasma infection. The logis-tic regression analysis showed that premature delivery, early weight gain(0 - 3m), eczema, asthma or allergic rhi-nitis history of parents, passive smoking, viral infection and mycoplasma infection were the risk factors of preschool recurrent wheezing(P < 0. 05). Conclusion Premature delivery, early weight gain(0 - 3m), eczema, asthma or allergic rhinitis history of parents, passive smoking, viral infection and mycoplasma infection are the risk factors of preschool recurrent wheezing.

Streptococcus pneumoniae( SP) is the leading pathogenic bacteria of invasive bacterial infec-tions in children. It can cause some life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia,meningitis and sepsis. Strepto-coccus pneumoniae frequently colonizes the upper respiratory tract. It is essential to know the host immune re-sponse during the infection. This paper reviews antigenic structure of SP,pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and pneumococcal virulence factors,especially focuses on the immune response including the effect of innate immu-nity,macrophage,neutrophil and T-cell.

Depression is a common comorbid condition in Parkinson's disease (PD) and a major contributor to poor quality of life and disability. However, depression can be difficult to assess in patients with PD due to overlapping symptoms and difficulties in the assessment of depression in cognitively impaired patients, several rating scales have been used to assess depression in PD. Tricyclic and new selective antidepressants including serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors appear to be effective in treating depression in PD. Clinical investigation indicate antidepressive effects in PD.

Objective To retrospectively evaluate effects of early dynamization of interlocking intramedullary nail on union of tibial shaft fractures.Methods From January 2002 to Septemher 2004,75 patients with tibial shaft fractures were treated in our department with internal fixation using static interlocking iutramedullary nails.Early dy- namization(6 to 10 weeks postoperative)was adopted in 32 patients (the dynamic group) according to the fracture con- ditions,while the other 43 patients were treated without early dynamization (the non-dynamic group).The healing time of fractures and the rate of delayed union in both groups were documented.Results All the cases were followed up for a mean duration of 6.5 months (range,4 to 13 months).The mean healing time was 115.6 days (range,105 to 126 days) in the dynamic group and 124.5 days (range,119 to 133 days) in the non-dynamic group.The difference was statistically significant between the two groups (P＜0.05).There were two cases (6.2%) of delayed union in the dynamic group and four (9.4%) in the non-dynamic group.The difference was not significant (P＞0.05). Conclusion Early dynamization of interlocking intramedullary nail can promote union of tibial shaft fractures.

Background Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease and its treatment is surgical excision.But recurrence rate of pterygium is high after operation.Recently,some studies showed that the postoperatively topical administration of cyclosporine A (CsA) reduce the recurrence of pterygium,but this conclusion needs basis of evidence-based medicine.Objective This systematic review was to investigate the efficacy and safety of postoperatively topical usage of CsA in preventing the recurrence of primary pterygium.Methods A systematic literature retrieval was conducted and the relative articals were searched from MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP databases up to October 2012 according to searching strategy and correlated words.Randomized controlled trial (RCT) and prospective Cohort studies data were extracted by two researchers separately.The outcome parameters,such as the rate of recurrence,Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ t) and complications were analyzed.The statistical analysis of the relative risk (RR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) was performed using a RevMan 5.0 software.Fixed-effect model was used for the inhomogeneity multiple studies (P≥0.1,homogeneity test I2 ＜ 50％),and random-effect model was used for the homogeneity study.Results Six prospective studies involving 366 eyes of 309 participants were identified,including 4 RCT and 2 non-RCT.The literature was published in 2008-2012 with the Jadad 5 scores in 1 paper and 2 scores in 3 papers for RCT and 6-7NOS (The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) scores in 2 papers for Cohort studies.Meta-analysis showed that the recurrence and complication rates were significantly lower in the CsA group than those of the control group (RR =0.39,95 ％ CI:0.24-0.64,P =0.0002 and RR =0.24,95％ CI:0.13-0.44,P ＜ 0.00001) respectively.The postoperatively increased value of S Ⅰ t in the CsA group was significantly higher than that of the control group (WMD =2.47,95％CI:1.59-3.35,P ＜ 0.00001).Subgroups analyses suggested that the results were comparatively reliable.Conclusions Postoperative application of CsA can be effective for preventing recurrences and reducing complications after primary pterygium surgery.

Objective To improve the method of abdominal transplantation of hepatocytes. Methods The rat hepatic cells were embedded in collagen gel and cultured in vitro. The total protein (TP) and BUN levels in the nutrient solution were measured. The mixture of collagen nutrient solution and the hepatocytes was injected into abdominal cavity of rat recipients and then turned to gel there, so the hepatocytes were embedded in the gel. The hepatocytes in the abdominal cavity were rinsed out by the nutrient solution containing collagenase and were cultured in vitro in the nutrient solution without glucose (Glu). The Glu levels in the nutrient solution were measured. The control groups underwent the same process as the experimental groups except collagen. Results The TP, BUN and Glu levels in the experimental groups (hepatocytes embedded in collagen gel) were significantly higher than those in the control groups ( P

OBJECTIVE To improve the managerial level of hospital infection by the hospital infection control system through network information.METHODS The control system was installed software in the doctor workstation to realize the real-time monitoring and early warning on hospital infection.RESULTS The passive situation of previous retrospective investigation was changed and the prospective and dynamic monitoring on hospital infection,was realized to move forward the gateway of hospital infection control,facilitate the timely detection on epidemic trend of hospital infection and the clue of outbreak and substitute the previous operations by hands on data processing,statistical analysis and submitting.CONCLUSIONS Full use of hospital information system can promote the hospital infection management.

OBJECTIVE:To study the quality standard of root of Urtica dioica and investigate the sample’s content in different harvest periods. METHODS:TLC was conducted to identify the scopoletin in the root of U. dioica with the developing agent of hexane-dichloromethane- ethyl acetate- formic acid (6∶10∶7∶1.2,V/V/V/V);alcohol-hot dipping was used to determine the con-tent;and the root of U. dioica in different harvest periods were comparatively researched. RESULTS:The lactone thin-layer chro-matogram feature was obvious,alcohol-hot dipping showed the contents of root of u. dioica was relatively high(RSD≤1%),the ex-tract content of root of U. dioica was the highest from late fall to early spring,and the stage was suitable excavation period. CON-CLUSIONS:The established quality standard can be used for accurately qualitative and quantitative,and studying different harvest periods is conducive to effectively control the quality of root of U. dioica.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the characteristics and regular patterns of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) induced by Qingkailing injection for references of clinical rational drug use. METHODS:ADR cases induced by Qingkailing injection reported in Chinese pharmaceutical journals from 2003 to 2005 were retrieved and analyzed statistically. RESULTS:The ADRs induced by Qingkailing injection were more often seen in men than in women, with children and young adults showing higher percentages. Allergic reactions were the main type of adverse drug reactions. Of the total ADR cases induced by Qingkailing injection, 22 cases(33.33%) were anaphylactic shock,15(22.73%) were allergic reactions,10(15.15%) were allergy of circulation system. CONCLUSION:The ADRs induced by Qingkailing injection may be resulted form many factors, which should be given fully attention in the clinic. ADRs monitoring should be stressed when this drug being used by western medicine physicians to make sure rational use of which and to reduce incidences of ADRs.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the situation and characteristics of serious adverse drug reactions (ADR) occurred in our hospital in order to promote rational clinical drug use. METHODS: 25 severe ADR cases collected in our hospital from Jun. 2004 to Dec. 2006 were analyzed statistically and evaluated based on the ADR causality judgment criteria. RESULTS: The 25 severe ADR were associated with 21 kinds of drugs, with anti-infectives (12 kinds) making up the highest proportion, followed by traditional Chinese medicine preparations. The main systems involved in he ADR were skin and its appendages and nervous system. 3 new and severe ADR cases were found to have no report in package inserts or literature. CONCLUSION: Severe ADR may be induced by many factors, therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the awareness of rational drug use to guard against severe ADR and ensure safe and effective medication.