Objective_To explore the effect and the mechanism of isoflurane on human cardiac myocytes ( HCM) injury induced by anoxia/reoxygenation ( AR) .Methods_HCM cells were divided into control group ( con) , an-oxia/reoxygenation group (AR) and isoflurane (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%and 2%) treatment group (n=6).Cell via-bility, LDH activity, apoptosis and the expression level of Anoxia inducible factor-1α( HIF-1α) were detected using CCK-8 assay, LDH activity assay kit, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, PCR and western blot, respectively. Results_Compared with the con group, cell viability decreased, LDH activity and apoptosis cells increased in AR group.Isoflurane can significantly relieve the decrease of cell viability, the increase of LDH activity and apoptosis cells, and the down-regulation of the mRNA and protein expression level of HIF-1αinduced by AR ( P<0.05 ) . Compared with AR group, the mRNA and protein expression level of HIF-1αin siRNA transfected group signifi-cantly decreased (P<0.05).2%isoflurane significantly relieve the increase of cell viability, the decrease of LDH activity and apoptotic cells induced by HIF-siRNA in AR injuried HCM cells(P<0.05).Conclusions_Isoflurane can protect HCM cells from AR injury partly through up-regulate the expression of HIF-1α.

Objective: To compare the ocular parameters of acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG) and chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG). Methods: Totally 106 patients with primary angle closure glaucoma were recruited: 58 patients with AACG and 48 with CACG. All patients were divided into 3 groups: AACG attack eyes group, AACG uninvolved fellow eyes group and CACG group and underwent the same ophthalmic examinations, comprising optometry, keratometry, and A-scan ultrasonography. The lens/axial length factor (LAF) and relative lens position (RLP) were calculated. Results: The AACG attack eyes had a significant shallow anterior chamber depth, thick lens, short axial length and larger LAF. hTere tended to be a reduction in the percentage of LAF>0.20 in AACG attack eyes, CACG eyes and AACG uninvolved fellow eyes, though there were no statistically signiifcant difference in all groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The eyes with AACG attack have a more crowded anterior chamber structure compared with uninvolved fellow eyes and eyes with CACG.

The appliance status of computer assistant technology in biological identification was summarized and compared.The author considered that at the present time,the technology of expert system was relatively advanced.The technology of expert system was presented in detail.The status and foreground of the application of expert system in parasites identification was also generally expatiated.

Objective: To investigate the effects of enriched environment on learning and memory abilities in senescence accelerated-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. Methods: Twenty 3-month-old male SAMP8 mice and 20 male SAMRI mice (normal aging) were randomly divided into 2 groups according to their body weight: enriched environment (EE) group and standard environment (SE) group. Animals in the 2 groups were subjected to different environments for 8 weeks. The learning and memory abilities of animals were evaluated by step-down avoidance test and Morris water maze test. Results: The learning and memory abilities of EE group were significantly better than those of SE group in step-down avoidance test(P<0.05 for memory ability). The average latent period of animals in EE group was significantly shorter than that in SE group in Morris water maze test in both SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice(P<0.05 for SAMP8 mice). Spatial probe test revealed that the ability to search for platform of EE group was better than that of SE group. Conclusion: Enriched environmental intervention can improve the learning and memory abilities in senescence SAMP8 mice, especially for memory ability.

BACKGROUND:With the potential of multi-directional differentiation and high proliferation, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have wide application prospect in tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To investigate changes in cells and bioactivity in the differentiation from BMSCs into osteoblasts. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING:A randomized control experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Department of Medical Experiment, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from July 2004 to June 2006. MATERIALS:Twenty adult SD rats of both genders were used for bone marrow collection. METHODS:Rats were equally and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. BMSCs were isolated from adult rats by modified bone marrow culture method. BMSCs were inoculated in basic medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, high glucose DMEM, 100 U/L penicillin, 100 U/L streptomycin and 2 mmol/L glutamine in the control group. BMSCs were inoculated in conditioned medium (basic medium, 10 mmol/L β-glycerophosphoric sodium, 10-7 mol/L dexamethasone, 50 mg/L vitamin C). Cell slide was prepared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Inverted microscope and transmission electron microscope were used to observe cell appearance. Gomori modified calcium-cobalt method was applied to do alkaline phosphatase staining. Immunocytochemistry was employed to measure osteocalcin expression. RESULTS:Forty-eight hours after inoculation, a mass of BMSCs adhered to a wall. Seventy-two hours later, BMSCs proliferated and well grew. Seven to nine days later, cells were grown to 80% confluency. Transmission electron microscope showed BMSCs with big cell nucleus and immature appearance. After in vitro osteoblast induction, BMSCs proliferated, aggregated, had node and mineralized. One week later, alkaline phosphatase activities were expressed in BMSCs. Two weeks later, osteocalcin expression was detected. CONCLUSION:After one week of in vitro osteogenic induction, BMSCs enter the process of osteoblast transformation, remain proliferative activities, and can be used as seed cells in bone tissue engineering

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are in advantages of easy collection and amplification in vitro, but the culture and induction in vitro still need to be modified. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differentiated potency of BMSCs into ostcoblasts by modified in vitro culture methods and inductor matching. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Department of Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: This study was performed in the Stem Cell Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory, Genera Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from July 2004 to June 2006. Twenty adult SD rats of clean grade, irrespective of gender, weighing 140-180 g were provided by Animal Experimental Center, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. The experimental animals were disposed according to ethical criteria. Β-sodium glycerophosphate, dexamethasone, and vitamin C were provided by Sigma Company, USA; goat-anti-rat osteocalcin antibody by DSL Company, USA; S-P immunohistochemical kit by Maixin Biotechnology Developing Co., Ltd., Fujian. METHODS: Cells were cultured and induced into osteoblasts by modified methods. Separation and culture of BMSCs: By anesthesia, bone marrow of bilateral femur and tibia was separated to prepare single cell suspension; subsequently, the suspension was inoculated in culture bottle, and the culture media was semi-quantitatively changed after 48 and 96 hours in order to get rid of non-adherent hematopoietic cells. The liquid was changed every three days to further get rid of non-adherent cells. At 80% cell confluence, the medium was digested with 0.25% trypsin and cells were subcultured in the ratio of 1:2. MSCs in the second generation were inoculated in 6-well culture plate and glass fiat plate; after 48 hours, basic culture fluid was removed. Differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts: Subcultured BMSCs differentiated into osteoblasts induced by dexamethasone (10 mmol/L), β-sodium glycerophosphate (10-7 mol/L), and vitamin C (50 mg/L). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ten days after differentiation by modified culture methods and inductor matching, alkaline phosphatase activity was measured with Ca-Co technique. Twelve days after culture, osteocalcin secretion was detected with immunohistochemical method. Two weeks after culture, cell mineralization was detected with Von kossa staining. RESULTS: Alkaline phosphatase activity: Alkaline phosphatase staining of cells was apparent; gray-black particles or massive precipitations were observed in cytoplasm after positive reaction; regions expressing alkaline phosphatase activity were brown-black. Osteocalcin secretion: Osteocalcin was apparently positive; nucleus was blue; cytoplasm was brown. Cell mineralization: Induced cells grew layer by layer, and adiaphanous nodus was observed at the same time. Black mineralized nodus granules in various sizes were observed after Von kossa staining, and this suggested that mineralized apposition occurred. CONCLUSION: BMSCs may be successfully cultured and induced into osteoblasts by modified culture method.

Some experiments indicated that there is J-shape relationship among morbidity and mortality of cardiovas-cular diseases and salt intake.Its main causes are:(1)methods of measuring sodium intake are not the same;(2) The sensitive for individual is also not the same;(3)There are influence of other dietury factors related cardiovas-cular disease.This article reviews related discuss.

BACKGROUND:At present, isokinetic testing system has attracted more and more attentions in the evaluation of athlete muscle function, but its application in the detection of waist and abdomen muscle strength characteristics in juvenile male basketbal athletes is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To study the biomechanical characteristics of waist flexor and extensor muscles inoutstanding juvenile male basketbal athletes in order to provide the basis for waist and abdominal strength training, scientific selection and prevention of lumbar abdomen injury in basketbal sport. METHODS:Eighteen athletes from the Guangzhou Men’s Basketbal Team were subjected to the detection of muscle strength and work of waist flexor and extensor muscles at 60(°)/s and 180(°)/s using Cybex-Norm isokinetic test system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At the same testing speed, the peak torque and relative peak torque of the extensor muscles were higher than those of the flexor muscles (P<0.01). The increase in the peak torque, relative peak torque and total work of the waist extensor and flexor muscles exhibited a reduced tendency with the increasing of testing speed (P<0.05);the peak torque and relative peak torque of the extensor muscles were decreased more significantly (P<0.01);the relative power of the waist extensor and flexor muscles were increased gradual y with the increasing of testing speed (P<0.01). These parameters were better in perimeter players than in post players. Under the isokinetic concentric contraction, the peak torque ratio of extensor to flexor muscles showed a decreasing trend with the increasing of testing speed and the waist flexor peak torque and extensor muscles flexion showed a decreasing trend, and the trunk stability was weakened. These findings indicate that the muscle strength of the extensor muscles was higher than that of the flexor muscles;the muscles strength of the waist flexor and extensor muscles was better in perimeter players than in post players. In isokinetic rapid movement, the muscle strength of the waist flexor and extensor muscles were reduced and the balance of the muscle strength of the waist flexor and extensor muscles was weakened, suggesting rapid strength training of the waist and abdominal core muscles should be strengthened in juvenile male basketbal athletes.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the different deep venous drainage patterns in the brain and the perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (PMSAH).Methods From January 2014 to January 2017,the clinical data of 90 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) diagnosed and treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.Thirty patients with PMSAH were in a PMSAH group and 60 patients with aneurismal SAH were in a control group.Unilateral cerebral hemisphere venous drainage was divided into type A (normal continuous):the basilar vein had deep middle cerebral vein drainage and was drained into the great cerebral vein of Galen;type B (normal discontinuous):there was discontinuous venous drainage between the basal vein and the anterior uncal vein and the posterior Galen vein;type C (primitive variant):did not drained into great cerebral vein of Galen,perimesencephalic vein was drained into the superior petrosal sinus or basal vein was directly drained into the transverse sinus or straight sinus.The different combinations of bilateral cerebral hemisphere venous drainage were divided into normal type drainage (typeⅠ:AA),discontinuous type drainage (types Ⅱ:AB or BB),and primitive type drainage (types Ⅲ:AC,BC,or CC).The differences of venous drainage between the two groups were compared.Results In the PMSAH group,both types Ⅰ and Ⅱ drainages accounted for 26.7％ (n=8 in each type) and type Ⅲ accounted for 46.7％ (n=14).In the control group,typeⅠaccounted for 48.3％ (n=29),type Ⅱ accounted for 28.3％ (n=17),and type Ⅲ accounted for 23.3％ (n=14).There were no significant differences in the distribution of three venous drainage patterns between the two groups (χ2=5.804,P=0.055).However,there was significant difference in the types Ⅲ venous drainage between the two groups (χ2=5.081,P=0.024).Conclusion Most of the deep cerebral venous drainage in patients with PMSAH showed basilar venous drainage into the venous sinuses of dura mater,but not to the large cerebral vein drainage,suggesting the way of primitive drainage into the dural sinus was more prone to rupture compared with that of drainage into large cerebral veins.

Objective To observe the effects of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) on the expression of transcription factor nrf2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in Chang liver cells, and to explore the possible mechanism by using buthionine sulfoximine ( BSO), a GSH synthesis inhibitor. Methods Chang liver cells were treated with NaAsO2 at the doses of 5, 10 and 20 ?mol/L, alone, for 24 h, or pretreated with BSO (3 mmol/L, 12 h). Western blot assays were used to detect the protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. Results The protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 significantly increased in 5, 10 and 20 ?mol/L of NaAsO2 alone groups, and Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression was up-regulated even higher by BSO pretreatment (P