The importance of pre-microbiological analysis has been widely recognized.With the standardization and automation of the clinical microbiological test, convenient, fast and high-performance sample collection and transport systems are important for the validity of clinical microbiology testing.The aim of this article is to make an introduction of the progress of clinical microbiological species collection and transport systems.More attentions should be paid to the pre-analysis to improve the quality of clinical microbiology testing.

Integron was a novel bacterial resistance gene horizontal transmission element.In recent years, many researchers made a lot of research on the resistance mechanism of pathogen.In this paper, the detection and the novel discovery of the integron gene cassette were summarized , including Enterobacteria, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria , on the basis of the multidrug resistance mechanism mediated by integron.The prospect the research was descixbed and more attention should be paid to the prevention and control of multidrug resistant bacteria.

BACKGROUND:It is wel known that long-term aerobic exercise aleviates renal dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of long-term aerobic exercise on endogenous formation of hydrogensulfide in the kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
METHODS:Rat models of long-term aerobic exercise were established and randomly assigned to four groups: Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat static group, WKY rat exercise group, spontaneously hypertensive rat static group and spontaneously hypertensive rat exercise group. Moderate-intensity exercise on treadmil was given for 12 weeks. At 24 hours after model establishment, weight was weighted. Blood pressure was detected in the caudal artery. Blood and urine were colected for measuring biochemical indicators related to kidney functions. The degree of glomerular sclerosis was observed. Hydrogen sulfide production activity was detected in the kidney. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression levels of hydrogen sulfide production-related enzymes. Simultaneously, oxidative stress of the kidney was observed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Long-term aerobic exercise obviously reduced body mass, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, increased glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow, decreased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, urinary albumin levels, significantly reduced glomerular sclerosis score, increased hydrogen sulfide content in plasma and the rate of hydrogen sulfide formation in renal tissue, up-regulated cystathionine γ-lyase expression, obviously diminished malondialdehyde content in serum and kidney, and remarkably increasedthereduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione ratio in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (2) Results indicated that long-term aerobic exercise could increase the generation of endogenous hydrogen sulfide in kidney, lessen oxidative stress in the kidney, and amelioraterenal dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Cancer of digestive system is one of the most common worldwidely cancers and seriously threats to human health. However its etiology and pathogenesis are still not clear. Toll-like receptor (TLR), a newly discovered transmembrane receptor, plays an important role in innate immunity. Recent researches suggested that TLRs had extensive relationship with inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer. A large number of researches indicated that TLRs not only participated in the occurrence, development and immune escape of cancer, but also acted in immunotherapy in digestive system. Further investigation of TLRs may re-veal the effects of TLRs in the development of malignant tumors of digestive system, moreover may find new therputic target for the treatment of cancers. We reviewed the relationship between TLRs and cancers of di-gestive system.

AIM To explore the antioxidation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs)ligand on rat models of Parkinson disease. METHODS The rat models of Parkinson disease were established by employing 6 hydroxydopamine to lesion unilateral substantia nigral. The serum total antioxidative capability (T AOC), reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibition competence and content of glotathione (GSH) were measured with chemical colorimetry. RESULTS Compared with control group, serum T AOC and GSH and ROS inhibition competence increased in all treatment groups, mGluRs antagonist (SIB 1893) group, mGluRs agonists (APDC ) group, mGluRs agonists ( L SOP) group and L DOPA group. The effect of APDC was most prominent. CONCLUSION mGluRs antagonist and mGluRs agonists may exert a partial antioxidation effect on unilateral substantia nigral 6 hydroxydopamine lesioned rat and may be beneficial to the body for alleviating the oxdative stress.

Objective To investigate the applied value of adipose-derived stromal cells(ADSCs) transfected glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF)by lentivirus in cerebral transplantation.Methods Primarily isolated and cultured, the rat ADSCs were transfected GDNF by high-titer lentivirus. Then, configuration of cells and expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were observed. By stereotaxic frame, transfected ADSCs were intrastriatally transplanted.1month and 2month after transplantation, survival and migration of marked cells were detected. GDNF expression, verified by Western blot, was compared with control group.Results ADSCs, transfected by lentivirus, can differentiate into neuron-like cells and express NSE in cytolymph. 1 month after transplantation, the majority of cells survived in transplanting area. 2 month later, part of transplanted cells still survived and migrated far from the transplanting area. In addition, the level of GDNF protein in the brain tissue was significantly higher compared with control group (all P

The aim of this study was to propose an algorithm for three-dimensional projection onto convex sets (3D POCS) to achieve super resolution reconstruction of 3D lung computer tomography (CT) images, and to introduce multi-resolution mixed display mode to make 3D visualization of pulmonary nodules. Firstly, we built the low resolution 3D images which have spatial displacement in sub pixel level between each other and generate the reference image. Then, we mapped the low resolution images into the high resolution reference image using 3D motion estimation and revised the reference image based on the consistency constraint convex sets to reconstruct the 3D high resolution images iteratively. Finally, we displayed the different resolution images simultaneously. We then estimated the performance of provided method on 5 image sets and compared them with those of 3 interpolation reconstruction methods. The experiments showed that the performance of 3D POCS algorithm was better than that of 3 interpolation reconstruction methods in two aspects, i.e., subjective and objective aspects, and mixed display mode is suitable to the 3D visualization of high resolution of pulmonary nodules.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lung ; pathology ; Multiple Pulmonary Nodules ; diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Acute spinal cord injury can lead to severe motor,sen-sory and sphincter muscle dysfunction.Inflammatory response caused by inflammatory cytokines plays a crucial role in the oc-currence and development of secondary damage.Maintaining the body balance between inflammaion and anti-inflammation through an appropriate anti-inflammatory intervention will be an important strategy for drug therapy of spinal cord injury.This paper mainly introduces the cause,process and participation of inflammatory response in the pathophysiological mechanism of acute spinal cord injury,and also reviews the latest progress of experimental research of anti-inflammatory drugs,aiming to provide reference for finding the safe and effective drugs.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with pancreatic neoplasm.Methods Fifty-three patients (36 males,17 females; age:(60.3±8.9) years) who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT examination for suspected pancreatic tumor were retrospectively analyzed.Thirtytwo of them underwent dual-time point imaging.The characteristics of PET/CT images and serum CA19-9 were reviewed.Pathological results were used as a gold standard for evaluating the diagnostic value of PET/CT.Two-sample t test,paired t test and ROC curve analysis were used for data analysis.Results Thirtynine patients were finally diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and the other fourteen patients with benign disease.With SUVmax cutoff value of 3.13,the sensitivity and specificity of single-time point 18F-FDG PET/CT for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer were 92.3％ (36/39) and 9/14,respectively.The SUVmax was significant different between pancreatic cancer group and benign disease group (6.16±2.89 vs 3.37± 1.58; t =4.46,P＜0.01).Combined with the level of CA19-9,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 69.2％ (27/39)and 13/14,respectively.The SUVmax of the early scan (5.45±2.43) was significantly different from that of the delayed scan (6.87±2.93) in pancreatic cancer group (t =8.25,P＜0.01),whereas no difference could be found in the benign group (3.18±1.28 vs 4.18±2.49; t=2.24,P＞0.05).With the SUVmax cutoff value of 3.3,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in the early scan were 87.0％ (20/23),6/9 and 81.2％ (26/32),respectively.While with the SUVmax cutoff value of 3.0,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in the delayed scan were 95.7％ (22/23),5/9 and 84.4％ (27/32),respectively.Conclusion 18 F-FDG PET/CT is a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of benign from malignant pancreatic diseases.

Objective To determine the weight coefficient of the customer requirements of emergency infusion equipment.Methods Customer requirements were made clear using methods of literature research, personal interviews and expert meeting. Analytic hierarchy process approach was adopted to establish the hierarchical structure model, construct paired comparison matrix structure, calculate the weight coefficient and make logic consistency check.Results The weight coefficients were determined for 8 primary and 36 secondary customer requirements, which all met the logical consistency check (CR<0.1).Conclusion The research and development of emergency infusion equipment has to pay attention to such key requirements firstly as safety, efficacy and portability, and the intelligence has to be supported by the key requirements and intermediate needs.