The importance of pre-microbiological analysis has been widely recognized.With the standardization and automation of the clinical microbiological test, convenient, fast and high-performance sample collection and transport systems are important for the validity of clinical microbiology testing.The aim of this article is to make an introduction of the progress of clinical microbiological species collection and transport systems.More attentions should be paid to the pre-analysis to improve the quality of clinical microbiology testing.

Integron was a novel bacterial resistance gene horizontal transmission element.In recent years, many researchers made a lot of research on the resistance mechanism of pathogen.In this paper, the detection and the novel discovery of the integron gene cassette were summarized , including Enterobacteria, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria , on the basis of the multidrug resistance mechanism mediated by integron.The prospect the research was descixbed and more attention should be paid to the prevention and control of multidrug resistant bacteria.

Objective To investigate the applied value of adipose-derived stromal cells(ADSCs) transfected glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF)by lentivirus in cerebral transplantation.Methods Primarily isolated and cultured, the rat ADSCs were transfected GDNF by high-titer lentivirus. Then, configuration of cells and expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were observed. By stereotaxic frame, transfected ADSCs were intrastriatally transplanted.1month and 2month after transplantation, survival and migration of marked cells were detected. GDNF expression, verified by Western blot, was compared with control group.Results ADSCs, transfected by lentivirus, can differentiate into neuron-like cells and express NSE in cytolymph. 1 month after transplantation, the majority of cells survived in transplanting area. 2 month later, part of transplanted cells still survived and migrated far from the transplanting area. In addition, the level of GDNF protein in the brain tissue was significantly higher compared with control group (all P

BACKGROUND:It is wel known that long-term aerobic exercise aleviates renal dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of long-term aerobic exercise on endogenous formation of hydrogensulfide in the kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
METHODS:Rat models of long-term aerobic exercise were established and randomly assigned to four groups: Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat static group, WKY rat exercise group, spontaneously hypertensive rat static group and spontaneously hypertensive rat exercise group. Moderate-intensity exercise on treadmil was given for 12 weeks. At 24 hours after model establishment, weight was weighted. Blood pressure was detected in the caudal artery. Blood and urine were colected for measuring biochemical indicators related to kidney functions. The degree of glomerular sclerosis was observed. Hydrogen sulfide production activity was detected in the kidney. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression levels of hydrogen sulfide production-related enzymes. Simultaneously, oxidative stress of the kidney was observed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Long-term aerobic exercise obviously reduced body mass, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, increased glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow, decreased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, urinary albumin levels, significantly reduced glomerular sclerosis score, increased hydrogen sulfide content in plasma and the rate of hydrogen sulfide formation in renal tissue, up-regulated cystathionine γ-lyase expression, obviously diminished malondialdehyde content in serum and kidney, and remarkably increasedthereduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione ratio in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (2) Results indicated that long-term aerobic exercise could increase the generation of endogenous hydrogen sulfide in kidney, lessen oxidative stress in the kidney, and amelioraterenal dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

AIM To explore the antioxidation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs)ligand on rat models of Parkinson disease. METHODS The rat models of Parkinson disease were established by employing 6 hydroxydopamine to lesion unilateral substantia nigral. The serum total antioxidative capability (T AOC), reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibition competence and content of glotathione (GSH) were measured with chemical colorimetry. RESULTS Compared with control group, serum T AOC and GSH and ROS inhibition competence increased in all treatment groups, mGluRs antagonist (SIB 1893) group, mGluRs agonists (APDC ) group, mGluRs agonists ( L SOP) group and L DOPA group. The effect of APDC was most prominent. CONCLUSION mGluRs antagonist and mGluRs agonists may exert a partial antioxidation effect on unilateral substantia nigral 6 hydroxydopamine lesioned rat and may be beneficial to the body for alleviating the oxdative stress.

Cancer of digestive system is one of the most common worldwidely cancers and seriously threats to human health. However its etiology and pathogenesis are still not clear. Toll-like receptor (TLR), a newly discovered transmembrane receptor, plays an important role in innate immunity. Recent researches suggested that TLRs had extensive relationship with inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer. A large number of researches indicated that TLRs not only participated in the occurrence, development and immune escape of cancer, but also acted in immunotherapy in digestive system. Further investigation of TLRs may re-veal the effects of TLRs in the development of malignant tumors of digestive system, moreover may find new therputic target for the treatment of cancers. We reviewed the relationship between TLRs and cancers of di-gestive system.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the application and clinical effect of damage control concept in the treatment of severe limbs fractures combining with multiple trauma.

METHODSFrom July 2009 to July 2012, 30 patients with severe limbs fractures combining with multiple trauma were treated with the damage control concept, included 20 males and 10 females with an average age of (34.03 ± 12.81) years old ranging from 20 to 60 years old; the ISS averaged (35.00 ± 12.81) points (ranged from 26 to 54 points). And the control group also contained 30 patients with severe limbs fractures combining with multiple trauma treated by the traditional operation from June 2006 to June 2009, there were 23 males and 7 females with an average age of (34.23 ± 11.04) years old ranging from 18 to 65 years old. The ISS averaged (35.56 ± 11.04) points (ranged from 26 to 51 points). The age, gender, ISS, Gustilo classification, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion,postoperative complications and mortality rate were observed and compared.

RESULTSIn the damage control concept group,there were 28 cases surviving and 2 cases (6.7%) death; 6 cases of postoperative complication included 2 cases of adult respiratory distress syndrome, 1 case of multiple organ failure, 1 case of disseminated intravascular coagulation and 2 cases of wound infection. In the control group, there were 22 cases surviving and 8 cases death(26.7%); 13 cases of postoperative complication included 4 cases of adult respiratory distress syndrome,2 cases of multiple organ failure, 2 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation and 3 cases of wound infection. There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in age, gender, ISS, Gustilo classfication and complication (P > 0.05), however there were statistically significant differences in mortality rate, operation time, blodd loss, blodd transfusion between two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDamage control concept is used to treat severe limbs fractures combining with multiple trauma which has the rapid and effective therapy, can improve survival rate and reduce complication.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Embolism, Fat ; prevention & control ; Extremities ; injuries ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Trauma ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control

Objective To discuss the application of cerebrovascular intervention technique in evaluating the correlation between cerebral venous sinus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (ⅡH).Methods The clinical data,including complete related clinical signs and symptoms,laboratory results,magnetic resonance venography (MRV) findings,etc.,of 13 ⅡH patients were retrospectively analyzed.Under local anesthesia whole brain DSA was performed,and superselective catheterization of venous sinus was accomplished to perform sectional pressure measurement of sagittal sinus,transverse sinus,sigmoid sinus and jugular vein.Results Cerebral DSA examination revealed that venous sinus stenosis or occlusion was seen in 10 patients (76.9％),including transverse sinus (n=6),sigmoid sinus (n=3),and transverse sinus together with sigmoid sinus (n=l).Superselective pressure neasurement of venous sinus showed that the pressure difference between the two ends of the narrowed venous sinus was up to 120-580 mmH20 in these 10 patients.In 8 patients (61.5％,8/13) the venous sinus stenosis and/or occlusion might be implicated in the occurrence of ⅡH,in 2 patients (15.4％,2/13) the venous sinus stenosis might be secondary to ⅡH,and in 3 patients (23.1％,3/13) the venous sinus stenosis might bear no relationship to ⅡH.Conclusion Cerebrovascular interventional angiography combined with superselective pressure measurement of venous sinus can clearly identify the relationship between ⅡH and venous sinus

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with pancreatic neoplasm.Methods Fifty-three patients (36 males,17 females; age:(60.3±8.9) years) who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT examination for suspected pancreatic tumor were retrospectively analyzed.Thirtytwo of them underwent dual-time point imaging.The characteristics of PET/CT images and serum CA19-9 were reviewed.Pathological results were used as a gold standard for evaluating the diagnostic value of PET/CT.Two-sample t test,paired t test and ROC curve analysis were used for data analysis.Results Thirtynine patients were finally diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and the other fourteen patients with benign disease.With SUVmax cutoff value of 3.13,the sensitivity and specificity of single-time point 18F-FDG PET/CT for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer were 92.3％ (36/39) and 9/14,respectively.The SUVmax was significant different between pancreatic cancer group and benign disease group (6.16±2.89 vs 3.37± 1.58; t =4.46,P＜0.01).Combined with the level of CA19-9,the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 69.2％ (27/39)and 13/14,respectively.The SUVmax of the early scan (5.45±2.43) was significantly different from that of the delayed scan (6.87±2.93) in pancreatic cancer group (t =8.25,P＜0.01),whereas no difference could be found in the benign group (3.18±1.28 vs 4.18±2.49; t=2.24,P＞0.05).With the SUVmax cutoff value of 3.3,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in the early scan were 87.0％ (20/23),6/9 and 81.2％ (26/32),respectively.While with the SUVmax cutoff value of 3.0,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in the delayed scan were 95.7％ (22/23),5/9 and 84.4％ (27/32),respectively.Conclusion 18 F-FDG PET/CT is a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of benign from malignant pancreatic diseases.

Objective To assess the practical value of ultrasound-guided percutaneous pericardium centesis in patients with pericardial effusion.Methods Twenty-eight patients with pericardial effusion were treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous pericardium centesis from May 2004 to May 2009.Results Operations were successfully done in all 28 patients.The puncture needle,guide wire and drainage catheter could be clearly visualized under ultrasound.Complications included ache,bleeding and drainage catheter obstruction or prolapsus.Conclusion Able to be used bedside,ultrasoundguided percutaneous pericardium centesis is a real time,exact,safe and convenient method for the diagnosis and treatment of pericardial effusion.