Objective To investigate the expression and significance of T-bet in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Methods EAU was induced in 24 Lewis rats by immunization with retinal S-antigen (50 ?g) and complete Freund′s adjuvant, and another 4 rats were the healthy control. The rats with EAU were executed 7, 12, 15, 21 days after immunization, respectively. Immunohistochemical single and double staining were performed using monoclonal antibodies of T-bet or CD4 on the ocular wholemounts and the consecutive sections of the eye and spleen from both 24 immunized Lewis rats and 4 normal controls. The positive cells were counted under the optic microscope and the data were analyzed by SPSS 11.0 statistic software. Results A few T-bet positive cells were observed in the normal ocular tissues and spleen. The expressions of T-bet in the iris, retina, and spleen increased 7 days after immunization, reached the peak at the 15th day, and decreased at the 21st day, which were higher than those in the control. Double staining on the consecutive sections revealed that most of the T-bet positive cells were positive for CD4 monoclonal antibody. Conclusion T-bet may affect the occurrence of EAU by activating Th1 cells.

Background and purpose:Breast cancer can be divided into several molecular subtypes according to its biomarkers. The pattern of distant metastasis has a great clinic significance but was rarely investigated. This study investigated the impact of molecular subtype of breast cancer on initial sites of metastasis..Methods:All the patients with operable invasive breast cancer diagnosed in Zhongshan People’s Hospital between 1998 and 2004 were recruited. Subtypes were defined as Luminal A, Luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) enriched, and triple negative (TN) according to the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progestogen receptor (PR) and HER-2 status. The first distant metastatic sites and the time of their appearances were recorded. Survival curves were constructed using the Ka-plan-Meier technique.Results:Among 390 eligible patients, there were 215(55.1%) with Luminal A, 43 (11.0%) with Lu-minal B, 52 (13.3%) with HER-2 enriched, and 80 (20.5%) with TN. The median follow-up time was 118 months (11-163 months). Seventy-two (18.5%) distant metastases occurred during follow-up: 37 metastases in Luminal A, 8 in Luminal B, 10 in HER-2, 17 in TN. Bone was the most common site of the first distant metastasis (39/72, 54.2%) followed by lung (25/72, 34.7%), liver (22/72, 30.6%), and brain (7/72, 9.7%). Among all the metastases, tumors of Luminal type (Luminal A 70.2%, Luminal B 50.0%) had a higher chance of bone involvement than that of HER-2 enriched (30.0%) and TN (35.3%,P=0.03). Both Luminal B (37.5%) and TN (17.6%) subtypes had a higher percentage of brain involvement than Luminal A and HER-2 enriched (P=0.01). The survival analysis showed no significant difference among the four subtypes in 9-year distant metastasis-free survival. However, distant metastasis appeared earlier in HER-2 enriched and TN breast cancer than in Luminal type.Conclusion:Organ-specific metastasis may depend on the molecular subtype of breast cancer. Bone metastasis occurs more in luminal type than in other types. Luminal B and TN types of tumors had more chance of brain metastasis than Luminal A and HER-2 enriched type of tumors.

Objective To determine whether Topiramate(TPM) has an effect on basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) expression in hippocampus in a chronic kindling rat model of epilepsy.Methods Chronic kindling rat models were established by pentetrazole(PTZ) and divided into three groups:PTZ group,TPM group and normal control group.Each group then divided into three subgroups according to different time point of kindling(5,10 and 15 d).The expressions of bFGF in CA1,CA3 and dentate gyrus areas of hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemistry method.The cellular morphologic changes were observed by HE staining method.Results(1) There was no difference of epileptic praxiology between PTZ and TPM groups.(2) Compared with normal control group,bFGF-positive cells in dentate gyrus in PTZ group and TPM group were increased significantly at each time point(all P

ObjectiveTo study the effects of perindopril on myocardial energy metabolism and ultrastructural changes in rats with chronic heart failure (CHF) induce by isoproterenol. MethodsTotally 55 male SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into two groups, namely control group (Group C) and CHF model group. The CHF rat models were made by subcutaneous injection of isopreteronol (ISO) in doses of 20 mg · kg-1 · d-1, 10mg · kg-1 · d-1 and 5 mg/kg/d for successive 3 days and then 3 mg· kg-1· d-1 for9 days. Four weeks later, the rats in CHF model group were randomly further divided into two subgroups, namely untreated subgroup (group M ) and perindopril treated subgroup (group P). After treatment for five weeks in average, echocardiography and myocardial pathology examination carried out to assess the cardiac function and structure changes of these rats. The levels of ATP, ADP, AMP, lactic acid (LA) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) activity in myocardium were determined by enzymatic reaction. ResultsCompared with rats in group M, the ejection fraction of left ventricle (EF) and fractional shortening of short axis of left ventricle (FS) of the rats in group P increased by 3.25％ and 7. 33％, respectively. Compared with rats in group C, the myocardial ATP, AMP, TAN (total adenosine) and LA significantly decreased in rats of group M. There were no significant differences in the levels of ADP, AMP, ATP/ADP and TAN between group C and group P (P ＞0. 05). Compared with rats in group M, the myocardial SERCA activity increased by 16. 41％ in rats of group P. The myocardial injury found under microscope and electronic microscope was ameliorated by treatment with peidolapril in rats of group P in comparison with rats of group M. ConclusionsPerindopril can improve myocardial energy metabolism,and lessen the pathological changes of ultrastructure, enhancing the cardiac function of rats with CHF induced by ISO.

Background and purpose:Breast masses is woman's common diease,With the development of people's living.They are eager to find a new method which is efficient and less pain to replace conventional open surgery.So Mammotone appears.We assessed the efficacy of Mammotome biopsy system for the patients with single and multiple breast masses.We assessed the efficacy of Mammotome biopsy system for patients with single and multiple breast masses.Methods:From Janurary 2004 to April 2005,patients with single and multiple breast masses underwent Mammotome and conventional surgery respectively.Two methods has been compared from the aspects of difficulties,side effects,prognosis and degree of patient's satisfaction.Results:The length of excisions,anesthetic dosage,operational time,pain etc with Mammtome group were superior to the conventional group,especially for the patients with multiple breast masses.There were no difference in terms of bleeding during or after operation for two groups.Patients were followed up 3 to 15 months,none of the patients had relapse and patient's satisfaction was very encouraging.Conclusions:The color guided Mammotome showed very promising results for the patients with breast benign masses,and it was very useful for the masses either located deeply or were multiple.

Aim To investigate the influence and molecular mechanism of C-phycocyanin(CPC) from Spirulina platensis on apoptosis of HeLa cells in vitro.Methods Firstly,the effect of purified CPC on proliferation of HeLa cells in vitro was determined by MTT assay,and then electron microscope was exploited to observe the characteristic apoptotic features of cells treated with CPC.Subsequently,genomic DNA changes of HeLa cells were observed by agarose electrophoresis.Flow cytometric analysis revealed the influence of different concentrations of CPC on cell cycle of HeLa cells.The expressions of apoptosis related genes of CPC treated HeLa cells were determined by immunohistochemistry analysis.In addition,the activities of caspases and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol were detected.Results Compared with control cells untreated with CPC,a significant decreased in the numbers of HeLa cells in survival treated with CPC and concentration dose effects existed.CPC could induce characteristic apoptotic features including cell shrinkage,membrane blebbing,microvilli loss,chromatin margination and condensation into dense granules or blocks.DNA of HeLa cells treated with CPC showed fragmentation pattern(DNA ladder of oligomers of 180~200 bp) typical for apoptotic cells.HeLa cells treated with different concentrations of CPC demonstrated an increasing percentage of cells in sub-G0/G1 phase.In addition,CPC could promote the expression of pro-apoptotic gene(Fas and ICAM-1);meanwhile,held back the anti-apoptotic gene(Bcl-2) expression,and then facilitated the transduction of tumoral apoptosis signals that resulted in the apoptosis of HeLa cells in vitro.In CPC treated HeLa cells,CPC treatment of HeLa cells also resulted in activation of caspases and release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into the cytosol.Conclusion C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis can induce the apoptosis of HeLa cells in vitro.By virtue of the promotion of the apoptosis signals transduction in HeLa,CPC realizes its antitumor activities.

BackgroundMonocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)plays an important role in the tumor,inflammation,diabetic retinopathy and other neovascular disease,but the expression and the role of MCP-1 in the oxygen induced retinopathy(OIR) model have rarely been reported. Objective This study was to investigate the expression of MCP-1 in the retina development of newborn mouse and in mouse models with OIR.Methods C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided into two groups and 60 mice in each group.Mice in OIR group were exposed to 75％ oxygen for 5 days and then to room air.All mice in normal control group exposed to room air only.Ten mice in each group were randomly chosen and sacrificed at postnatal 5,7,12,14,17,21 days.The expression of MCP-1 in mouse retina was detected with the method of immunohistoehemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results MCP-1 positive cells were seen in normal mouse retina.Up-regulation of MCP-1 positive cells was detected both in 12 days in normal control group and in 14 days in OIR group.MCP-1 mRNA was detected in mouse retina at 5 days,and a transient up-regulation of MCP-1 mRNA was observed in 12 days in normal control group.MCP-1 mRNA in OIR group significantly increased in 14 days in comparison with the normal control group( P =0.028,P =0.001 ). Conclusions Expression of MCP-1 is detectable in whole retinal development procession of mice.A transient up-regulation of MCP-1 expression is detected in the critical period of retinal vascular development in mice models with OIR,which is closely related to the retinal vascular development and progression of retinal new vessels.

Background Various studies have suggested that inflammatory factors such as leucocytes and macrophages are involved in the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy (DR),and many cytokines promote the occurrence of DR.However,the relationship of aqueous and serum monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) change with DR is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the effects of MCP-1 and MIF in aqueous and serum during DR development.Methods Eighty patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled from Beijing Shijitan Hospital.These patients received phacoemulsification or phacoemulsification and vitrectomy from September,2010 to June,2011.Twenty-six cataract patients in the same stage (without diabetes) who underwent phacoemulsification surgery served as controls.According to the clinical stage of the DR,the diabetic patients were classified as the non-DR group (NDR) (20 eyes),non-proliferative DR group (NPDR) (38 eyes) and proliferative DR group (PDR) (22 eyes).Aqueous humour and periphery blood samples were collected during the operation to detect MCP-1 and MIF using enzyme-linked immnunosorbent assay (ELISA).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before any relevant medical examination.Results The average aqueous MCP-1 levels were(1660.78±562.98),(1463.26± 623.41),(686.76±186.16) and(494.35±148.59) ng/L in the PDR group,NPDR group,NDR group and control group,respectively,showing a significant difference among the 4 groups (F=37.968,P=0.000).No significant differences were found in the aqueous MCP-1 levels between the control group and NDR group (P=0.169),or between the NPDR group and PDR group (P=0.117).However,the aqueous MCP-1 levels were significantly elevated in the PDR group,NPDR group and NDR group compared with the control group (P=0.000).The average aqueous MIF levels were (6.85±1.99),(3.56±0.90),(1.10±0.48) and (0.86 ± 0.46) μg/L,respectively,with significant differences among them (F =144.502,P =0.000).Multiple comparisons between groups were found to be significantly different (P =0.000) according to the LSD-t test,except between the control group and NDR group (P =0.475).A significant positive correlation was seen between the aqueous MCP-1 level and MCP-1 level in all study participants (r =0.564,P =0.000).However,serum levels of MCP-1 and MIF were not statistically significantly different among the 4 groups (F =2.158,P＞0.05;F =0.813,P＞0.05).Conclusions The increase of the aqueous MIF and MCP-1 levels is associated with the progression of diabetic retinopathy.The results suggest that MIF and MCP-1 promote the occurrence of DR.

Objective:To establish a comprehensive and effective scoring model based on ultrasonic characteristics for predicting the restenosis risk after superficial femoral artery stenting, in order to assess the possibility of in-stent restenosis and to provide guidance for the selection of therapeutic strategies.Methods:A retrospective review of a database of 328 patients (381 limbs) undergoing superficial femoral artery stents in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2016 to January 2018 was made as a modeling group.In the modeling cohort, the multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to screen independent risk factors for in-stent restenosis. A predictive scoring model of restenosis risk was established with weighted score of independent risk factors according to the odd ratio values. Based on the best cut-off value of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the scoring table was divided into low-risk and high-risk groups of restenosis.Results:Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that 8 factors were included in the score system to establish the scoring model of in-stent restenosis risk prediction including calcified plaque, peak systolic velocity of popliteal artery<40 cm/s, runoff scores≥4, ankle-brachial index<0.5, female (1 point each); complicated stroke, complicated chronic renal disease, total lesion length 15.0-24.9 cm (2 points each); total lesion length≥25.0 cm (3 points), a total of 12 points in the model. The validation indicated that the scoring system had good predictive value(AUC=0.775, 95% CI=0.727-0.824, P<0.001) and goodness of fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ 2=4.921, P=0.766). The agreement with digital subtraction angiography(DSA) was good (Kappa value=0.609). The scoring system was further divided into the low-risk restenosis (0-5 points) and high-risk restenosis (6-12 points) according to the best cut-off value of 5.5, with a sensitivity of 68.1%, a specificity of 74.6%, and the accuracy of 72.7%. Conclusions:The superficial femoral artery in-stent restenosis risk predicting score model based on ultrasonic characteristics may accurately predict the restenosis preoperatively. It provides a theoretical basis for the precise surgical plans.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effect ofZishen decoction combined with standard treatment of western medicine for for stage IV diabetic nephropathy with Qi and Yin deficiency.MethodsA total of 112 patients with stage IV diabetic nephropathy and Qi and Yin deficiency were randomized to thestandard treatment and the combined treatment groups, 56 in each. The standard treatment group received conventional treatment, including blood glucose controlling, antihypertensive, blood lipid regulating and diet controlling. The combined treatment group receivedZishen decoction on the basis of conventional treatment. All the patients were treated for 3 months. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), total cholesterol (TG), triacylglycerol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured by an automatic chemistry analyzer. The urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsCompared with the standard treatment group, the SCr (53.51 ± 18.12μmol/Lvs. 62.66 ± 21.14μmol/L;t=2.459,P<0.05), UAER(100.73±84.24μg/minvs. 156.24 ± 96.38μg/min;t=3.245,P<0.05), TG(1.73±0.22 mmol/Lvs. 2.06 ± 0.21 mmol/L;t=8.112,P<0.01), TC(4.56 ± 0.62 mmol/Lvs. 5.10 ±0.31 mmol/L;t=5.830, P<0.01), LDL-C (2.42 ± 1.05 mmol/Lvs. 3.31 ± 0.81 mmol/L;t=5.022,P<0.01) in the combined treatment group decreased significantly, and the HDL-C (1.67 ± 0.33 mmol/Lvs. 1.36 ± 0.41 mmol/L;t=4.460,P<0.01) increased significantly. ConclusionZishen decoction on the basis of conventional treatment can improve the SCr and UAER, and regulate the blood lipid in the patients with stage IV diabetic nephropathy and Qi-Yin deficiency.