Velocity vector imaging (VVI) is a promising and relatively new noninvasive method of assessing wall movement and flexible features of vessels,being able to qualitatively, quantitatively, accurately and intuitively assess mechanical characteristics of vascular wall movement. VVI can reflect changes of characteristics of flexibility and movement of carotid artery in early atherosclerosis and plaque rotation angle. It provides a new way for the study of unstable plaque. The research and current status of clinical application of VVI were reviewed in this article.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from Prunella vulgaris and their antitumor activities. Methods: Silica gel, reverse-phase octadecylsilyl (ODS), Sephadex LH-20 chromatographic methods, and HPLC were applied to isolating and purifying compounds. MS and NMR spectroscopic methods were used to determine their structures. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of these chemical components for MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-10A cell lines was measured by MTT method. Results: Forteen compounds were isolated from the fruits of P. vulgaris and their structures were identified as: autantiamide acetate (1), 5α,8α-epidioxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (2), β-amyrin (3), betulic acid (4), 3-hydroxy-11-en-11,12-dehydrogenation-28,13-oic acid lactone (5), eburicol (6), 2α,3α,24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (7), candelabrone 12-methyl ether (8), cyclopentaneacetic acid (9), 2α,3β-dihydroxyursa-12-en-28-oic acid (10), α-spinasterol (11), oleanolic acid (12), ursolic acid (13), and β-sitosterol (14). Conclusion: Compounds 2, 5, 6, 8, and 9 are isolated from the genus of Prunella L. for the first time. The results of cytotoxic assay indicate that compounds 10 and 13 can obviously inhibit the activity of MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and the normal cell lines MCF-10A. Compound 4 can selectly inhibit the activity of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 while show no effect on the normal cell lines MCF-10A.

Objective To study low frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles to promote the transfection of P53 gene in human prostate cancer cells mediated by liposome.Methods Ultrasound equipment was used with a frequency of 21 kHz and intensity was 46 mW/cm2 and the working time was controlled at 20% (i.e.,2 s “on”time and 8 s “off”time)lasting 5 minutes.The human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 suspension was prepared,the cell concentration was adjusted to 1 × 10 5 cell/ ml,and cells were divided into 8 groups:control group,single microbubbles group,single ultrasound group,ultrasound combined with microbubbles group,single liposome group,liposome combined with microbubbles group, liposome combined with ultrasound group,liposome combined with ultrasound and microbubbles group. Each microbubbles group was added SonoVue 200 μl and the wild type P53 plasmid,plasmid∶liposome is 1 ∶2.At 24 hours after irradiation,Western-blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the gene transfection efficiency,CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation,then cell survival rate was calculated,cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.Results After transfection,compared with single liposome group and control group,liposomes combined with ultrasound and microbubbles group can significantly improve expression of the human wild type p53 gene and protein (P <0.001).After transfection,the apoptosis rate of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells in liposomes combined with ultrasound and microbubbles group was significantly higher than that of the liposome group and control group (P <0.001).And after transfection, cell survival rate of liposome combined with ultrasound and microbubble group decreased significantly than those of single liposome group and control group (P <0.001).Conclusions Low frequency and low energy ultrasound combined with microbubbles can promote the transfection of human wild-type P53 gene mediated by liposome.

Objective To observe the influence of insulin resistance(IR) and isosorbide mononitrate(ISMN) on myocardial cellular apoptosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) .Methods Forty male 14‐week old Wistar(W) rats and SHR(S) each were respectively or jointly fed with normal diet (ND) ,high fat and high glucose(HFHG) diet ,normal saline(NS)and ISMN by ga‐vage .Then they were randomly divided into the normal and NS group (normal W and normal S ) ,HFHG and NS group(HFHG W and HFHG S) ,normal and ISMN group(ISMN W and ISMN S) ,HFHG and ISMN group(HI W and HI S) ,with 10 rats in each group .After 12‐week feeding ,carotid arterial blood was collected for detecting blood glucose concentration and insulin level and cal‐culating insulin resistance index (HOMA‐IR);4 myocardial tissue samples were taken for respectively observing the morphology under microscope ,and detecting the NO level ,myocardial Bcl‐2 ,Bax gene and their protein expression levels in myocardial tissue . Results Myocardial NO level ,Bax gene mRNA and related protein levels in the HFHG and ISMN intervention groups were higher than those in the normal group ,while the bcl‐2 gene mRNA and related protein expression were on the contrary ;myocardial tissue NO level ,Bax gene mRNA and related protein expression in the S groups were increased compared with the corresponding W groups ,while the bcl‐2 gene mRNA and related protein expression were on the contrary ;in the HFHG W group ,the myocardial tis‐sue NO level had significantly positive correlation with HOMA‐IR ,and in the ISMN W group ,HOMA‐IR was positively correlated with the NO level in the myocardial tissue .Conclusion Myocardial cellular apoptosis of SHR is increased compared with Wistar rats ;both IR and ISMN can aggravate the apoptosis of SHR myocardial cells ,moreover IR has a mutual induction and reciprocal causation with ISMN .

Objective To investigate the effect of isosorbide mononitrate on the levels of NO,iNOS,IL-1 and IL-6 in lung tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).Methods Fourteen-week-old Wistar and SHR male rats were randomly divided into the W0,W1,S0 and S1 group,with 10 rats ineach group.Rats in the W0 and S0 group were fed with the normal saline and the ordinary food,rats in the W1 and S1 group were fed with isosorbide mononitrate and the ordinary food.Twelve weeks later,levels of NO,iNOS,IL-1 and IL6 in rat lung tissue were detected.Results Compared with the W0 group,levels of NO,iNOS,IL-1 and IL6 were significantly increased in the W1 groups (P ＜ 0.05,respectively).Compared with the SO group,levels of NO,iNOS,IL-1 and IL6 were significantly increased in the S1 group (P ＜ 0.05,respectively).In the W1 and S1 group,levels of iNOS and NO were positively correlated with IL-1 and IL-6.Conclusion 1.Isosorbide mononitrate may lead to increases of NO,iNOS,IL-1 and IL6 in lung tissue of Wistar rats,which indicates the presence of chronic inflammation.2.Longterm feeding of isosorbide mononitrate may lead to increases of inflammatory factors in SHR rats,contributing to the inflammatory state in rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) on learning and memory and on the neuron and synapse ultrastructures of the CA3 region of the hippocampus.Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =l0 in each group):a normal control group,a depression group,an rTMS group and a sham group.Unpredictable mild stress was used to establish depression models in the rats of the latter3 groups.The sucrose water consumption test and open-field test were used to evaluate any depressive behavior of each group.The rTMS group rats were given 15 Hz rTMS for 21 days while the sham group received sham stimulation.The orientational navigation and spatial probe tests were performed on each group using a Morris water maze to evaluate their learning and memory abilities.In addition,changes in the ultrastructure of the CA3 region of the hippocampus were detected using transmission electron microscopy.Results The modelling induced significant differences in the sucrose water consumption test results and in horizontal and vertical behavior in the open-field tests.Escape latency and spatial probe time were significantly different between the rTMS group and the sham and depression groups.There was no significant difference in the behavioral indexes between the depression group and the sham group.Electron microscopy showed pathological changes in the ultrastructures of the neurons and synapses in the CA3 region of the hippocampus among the depression group,while in the rTMS group those ultrastructures tended to be basically normal.Conclusion rTMS can improve learning and memory during depression,at least in rats.A possible mechanism is that rTMS can induce changes in the ultrastructures of neurons and synapses in the CA3 region of the hippocampus.

Objective To study the effect of the combination of rivaroxaban and Xuesaitong injection on deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremity after spinal surgery.Methods The clinical data of 90 patients undergoing spinal surgery from May 2013 to May 2015 were retrospective analyzed.The patients were divided into two groups randomly: the treatment group and control group.Forty-five patients in treatment group were treated with rivaroxaban and Xueshuantong injection from 1 st day after surgery to one week after off-bed activity, and forty-five patients in control group were treated with rivaroxaban alone.The vessels of lower extremity were detected by doppler ultrasonography pre-surgery, 7-10d and 3 months post-surgery, then the rates of DVT and pulmonary embolism were statistically analysed.Results The DVT rate in treatment group was 8.89%(4 cases), which was significantly lower than 24.4% (11 cases) in control group (P<0.05).Conclusion The anticogulant effect of the combination of rivaroxaban and Xuesaitong injection is stronger than rivaroxaban alone.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of bicyelol tablets in treatment of hepatitis B patients infected with YMDD mutation of HBV. Methods Sixty-eight chronic hepatitis patients infected with HBV YMDD mutants and 100 patients with non-mutants HBV were enrolled in the study. All patients received bicyclol tablets orally 150 mg/d, t. i. d, for 24 weeks. Clinical symptoms, signs and adverse effects were observed, and the blood routine, liver function tests, serum HBV markers and HBV DNA loads were examined at 12th and 24th week of the study, Results After treatment for 24 weeks, the normalization rates of ALT and AST in mutant group were 79.4% ( 54/68 ) and 70. 6% (48/68) ; 11 ( 16. 2% ) patients were markedly effective and 14 (20. 6% ) were effective. Clearance rates of HBeAg and HBV DNA were 27.9% ( 17/61 ) and 17.6% ( 12/68 ), while the seroconversion rate of HBeAg was 14. 7% (9/61). The differences of the above indexes were not statistically significant between mutant group and non-mutant group. Conclusion Bicyciol can both protect liver functions and inhibit virus replication in patients infected with HBV YMDD mutants.

Objective To investigate the application of fusion imaging in the initial prostate biopsy.Methods Retrospective analysis was made on 40 patients who underwent initial ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital from August 2014 to May 2015.All patients underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans one week prior to surgery and the results showed that all patients had suspicious positive prostate cancer lesions,while there were no positive findings in the same area in sonography.All patients with prostate cancer have been confirmed by pathologic examination.Image fusion technology was used to guide the biopsy of lesions which were suspected as prostate cancer by MRI,and then the prostate underwent systematic biopsy by 10 needles under the guide of ultrasound.R× C Chi-square test was used to compare the positive ratio among imaging fusion biopsy,systematic biopsy and combined method in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.Fourfold table Chi-square test was used to compare to undetected rate between fusion imaging biopsy and systematic biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.The differences of detection rate in the Gleason score more than 7 points of prostate cancer between fusion imaging biopsy and systematic biopsy was compared by Fisher exact test.Results In this group of 40 patients with prostate biopsy,14 cases (35.0％) were diagnosed prostate cancer by systematic biopsy,19 cases (47.5％) were diagnosed prostate cancer by image fusion biopsy,and 22 cases (55.0％) were diagnosed prostate cancer by systematic biopsy combined with image fusion.The difference of diagnostic positive rate among combined method of biopsy,image fusion biopsy and systematic biopsy had not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Three cases (13.6％,3/22) of prostate cancer patients were missed in image fusion method group,and 8 cases (36.4％,8/22) of prostate cancer patients have not been diagnosed by systematic biopsy,which indicated the umdetected rate of systematic biopsy is higher than that of image fusion biopsy in prostate cancer diagnosis,and there was a statistical difference between the two groups (x2=8.338,P=0.005).Among 19 cases of prostate cancer patients who were diagnosed by image fusion biopsy method,Gleason score were greater than 7 points in 15 cases (78.9％,15/22).Among 14 cases of prostate cancer patients who were diagnosed by systematic biopsy method,Gleason score were greater than 7 points in 6 cases (42.9％,6/14).The positive rate of Gleason score ≥ 7 points in fusion imaging biopsy was higher than that of systematic biopsy,which had a statistical difference (Fisher exact probability method,P=0.039).Conclusion Image fusion method can be used to reduce the tndetected rate of prostate cancer and improve the detection rate of the high-grade prostate cancer.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of low-frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles improving transfection of enhanced green lfuorescent protein plasmid (pEGFP) to subcutaneously transplanted prostate cancer in nude mice, and to optimize the parameters of intensity. Methods The model of nude mice of subcutaneously transplanted prostate cancer were built. Then they were divided into 2 groups including low-frequency ultrasound group and low-frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles group, each group with 15 mice. Then 250μl of mixture of saline and pEGFP (50μg) were co-injected in low-frequency ultrasound group and 250μl of mixture of SonVue and pEGFP (50μg) were co-injected in low-frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles group through tail vein. According to intensity, they were divided into 3 subgroups respectively, including group 1 W/cm2, group 2 W/cm2 and group 3 W/cm2, each group with 5 mice. Ultrasound was applied at 80 kHz input frequency with 50%duty cycle for 10 minutes after pEGFP injection. The tumors were collected on the third day after treatment. The expression of pEGFP in tumor was examined by laser scanning confocal microscope (ISCM) and the average lfuorescence intensity were estimated. At the same time, routine pathological examination was performed. The mean lfuorescence intensity of low frequency ultrasound group and low frequency ultrasound combined with microbubble group were compared with one-way ANOVA and those of any two groups were compared by SNQ-q test. Results TThe mean lfuorescent light in low-frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles group were 23.75±2.54, 30.25±1.67 and 59.60±2.03, which were obviously stronger than those of low-frequency ultrasound treatment group (14.04±1.35, 14.66±0.98 and 14.32±1.20), the difference was statistically signiifcant (the value of q were 18.26, 14.12 and 13.88, P<0.05). The rate of gene transfection increased along with the enhancement of the ultrasound intensity (the value of q were 15.33, 17.81 and 13.79, P<0.05). Histology analyses performed by HE staining showed that there was no damage to the tumor tissues in all groups, tumor tissues were intact and without infection. Conclusions Low-frequency ultrasound combination with microbubbles can significantly enhance pEGFP transfecting into subcutaneously transplanted prostate cancer in nude mice. In certain range, improving the ultrasound intensity can increase the rate of gene transfection.