Objective To establish an animal model of sciatic nerve firearms injury in rabbits Methods All of 26 rabbits were divided into A, B, C, D and E groups at random The hit point was the middle point of the body surface projection of sciatic nerve in the right thigh The rabbits were injured with the type 53 musket by balls of 0 38 g and 1 03 g and with the dynamite amounts of 0 35 g, 0 65 g, and 1 20 g The injury velocity of ball was detected, and the transmission energy of steel ball was calculated The pathological changes of sciatic nerve were observed with light and electron microscopy Results In group A, B and D, typical pathological changes occurred In group B, resulting from a ball of 0 38 g and dynamite of 0 65 g, the primary velocity was (939 8?16 0) m/s, the mean transmission energy was (80 0?8 5) J Conclusion Animals inflicted with a type 53 musket with a ball of 0 38 g and dynamite of 0 65 g show typical sciatic nerve injury in a steady situation and can serve for experiment usage