Objective:To investigate the bone resorption caused by osteoclasts and modulating functions of zinc ion on dental slices.Methods:Osteoclasts were separated from long-limb bones of neonatal rabbits,cultured with de-activated human tooth slices and glass slices.The cells in the experiment group were treated with 1?10~(-14)mol/L-1?10~(-4)mol/L zinc+10%(volume fraction) fetal calf serum(FCS)+?MEM,while those in the control group were grown in 10%FCS+?MEM.Osteoclasts on glass slices were stained by TRAP staining.The absorption pits on tooth slices were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope.The resorbing activity was evaluated with the concentration of calcium in the supernatant liquid of osteoclasts.The ratio between the concentration of calcium in the experiment group and that of the control group was termed the resorption index.Results: The isolated cells were multinuclear and showed positive in cytoplasma by TRAP staining.Usually,osteoclasts resorbed tooth slices first on the cementum and dentin,which had lower content of mineralized tissue.Compared with those on bone slices,the lacunae on the dental slices appeared less in amount,less in area and shallower in depth.They often showed shallow pits in a large area.Microscopy showed that the number and area of absorption pits formed on treated tissues were less than those on the control tissues.The content of calcium in the supernatant liquid increased at the concentrations of 1?10~(-4)-1?10~(-14)mol/L zinc,especially in the group of 1?10~(-8)mol/L,1?10~(-10) mol/L,1?10~(-14)mol/L zinc on the 3~(rd) day(P

Objective: To study the origin, morphological structure, and functional regulation of osteoclast(OC) for further investigation on the mechanism and regulation of bone resorption. Methods: The OCs were isolated by two kinds of traditional method. Osteoclasts were isoclated from neonatal rat long bones. The cytochemistry was observed. The osteoclast-like cells (OLC) were derived from the mouse bone marrow cells in the presence of 1,25(OH)2VitD3 in vitro. Results: Both morphological and functional studies showed that the isolated cells shared some of the typical characteristics of osteoclasts, that is A. multinuclearity; B. developing spreading and pseudopodial activity when cultured on glass; C. high tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP); D. resorption lacunae could be found when the cells were cocultured with devitalized bone slices and the number was increased as the time followed. OLC had the same histological and structural traits as the OCs by the former method. The concentration of Ca 2+ and acid phosphatase (ACP) increased gradually. Conclusion: Different kinds of method fit different experiments. The OC obtained by the first method has more activity of bone resorption. The OLC by the second method has more in quantity and can be used in the study of cell differentiation.

Internal mammary lymph node irradiation (IMLNI) could reduce local recurrence and distant recurrence and improve survival.The NCCN Guidelines have updated the recommends in IMLNI.However, the relative toxicities of IMLNI to the heart and lungs should be carefully considered by clinicians, so individualized indications for IMLNI are needed.Internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy (IM-SLNB) could be an accurate technique to guide IMLNI with minimally invasive staging, and provide more survival benefits to patients.This article reviews the benefits of IMLNI, controls of the side effect, and discussion of IMLNI guided by IM-SLNB.

Objective To explore the effect of isometric contraction-induced ischemic burden for evoking maximal intrinsic femoral artery collateral circulation. Methods Twenty-four adult New Zealand rabbits weighing (2.0±0.5) kg were subjected to a model of isometric contraction-induced ischemia. An electrode was implanted in the sciatic nerve of the left hind limb for evoking isometric contraction of the gastrocnemius, which blocked local blood flow and induced local ischemia. Femoral artery collateral blood flow (FCBF) was measured using a micro-sphere technique. Results Local blood flow was the lowest at 40% of the maximal isometric contraction (IEmax), and reached plateau at 60% of IEmax. FCBF increased gradually and reached a plateau at 40% of IEmax in the 4th min. After 4 minutes at 40% of IEmax, FCBF had increased to higher than pre-stimulus, peaking in the 2nd minute, and then decreasing gradually to baseline at the 5th minute after reperfusion. It ceased to increase when reperfusion was prolonged to 8 or 10 min. Conclusions The minimal ischemic burden for full obstruction of the femoral artery is 40% of IEmax, and the shortest stimulus duration is 4 min. The maximal FCBF opening duration is no more than 5 min.

Objective To investigate the effect of different parts leukoencephalopathy on cognitive function in patients with acute cerebral infarction,and analyze the relationship between injury site of cholinergic pathways and cognitive function.Methods Ninety-seven patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into leukoencephalopathy group (59 cases) and non-leukoencephalopathy group (38 cases)according to the cranial MRI T2 scanning.The all patients of 2 groups were evaluated by cholinergic pathways hyperintensities scale (CHIPS) and reforming Scheltens scale.The cognitive function of all patients were evaluated by Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA).The difference of the cognitive function between 2 groups was observed,and the relationship between CHIPS score,reforming Scheltens scale score and MoCA score was investigated.Results There were statistical differences in MoCA total score and visuospatial/execution,memory,attention score between leukoencephalopathy group and non-leukoencephalopathy group [(20.86 ± 4.52) scores vs.(23.47 ± 4.49) scores,(3.80 ± 1.68) scores vs.(3.11 ± 1.47) scores,(2.78 ±1.57) scores vs.(1.95 ± 1.80) scores,(4.00 ± 2.08) scores vs.(3.87 ± 2.04) scores] (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).There were statistical differences in CHIPS score and reforming Scheltens scale score between cognitive dysfunction group (35 cases)and non-cognitive dysfunction group (24 cases)[(47.77 ± 12.36) scores vs.(39.83 ±7.98) scores,(5.14 ± 1.73) scores vs.(2.58 ±2.10) scores] (P ＜0.01).There was negative correlation between MoCA total score and frontal periventricular score,occipital periventricular score,parietal lobe score,periventricular total score,deep alba total score and reforming Scheltens scale total score (P ＜0.01).There was negative correlation between visuospatial/execution score,attention score,fixing score,MoCA total score and CHIPS score (P ＜ 0.01).There was negative correlation between attention score,fixing score,MoCA total score and reforming Scheltens scale score (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions In acute cerebral infarction patients leukoencephalopathy is probably related to cognitive function,and the severity of leukoencephalopathy correlates with the degree of cognitive function impairment.Different parts leukoencephalopathy can induce different influence on cognitive function.The cognitive function impairment caused by leukoencephalopathy correlates with the impairment of cholinergic pathways,with main effects of visuospatial/execution function,and the severity correlates with the impairment of cholinergic pathways.

Objective To investigate the effects of tanshinol on the proliferation,apoptosis and NF-?B activation in rat hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) after IL-1? inducement,and to elucidate the anti-fibrotic molecular mechanisms of tanshinol.Methods The rat HSCs was isolated with collagenase in situ liver recirculation perfusion and cultured in vitro.The cells were divided into 5 groups: normal control,IL-1? treatment group(10 ng/ml),and tanshinol group 1,2 and 3.The later 3 groups were pretreated with tanshinol at the concentrations of 0.062 5,0.125 and 0.25 mmol/L respectively followed by 10 ng/ml IL-1? treatment 1 h later.MTT colorimetric assay was used to detect the proliferation of HSCs.AO/EB immunoflurorescence microscopy and combination Annexin-V-FITC/PI double-labelimmunofluorescence with flow cytometer were employed to examine the apoptosis of HSCs.Synthesis and secretion of collagen Ⅲ were detected by the quantitative immunocytochemical assay and ELISA respectively.The amounts of cytoplasm p-I?B? and NF-?B p65,and nuclear NF-?B p65 in HSCs were determined by Western blotting.Immunocytochemical staining and Western blotting were used to observe nuclear translocation of NF-?B p65.Results IL-1? increased the proliferation of HSCs(P

Nine compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of 95% ethanol extract of the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. with a combination of various chromatographic approaches, including MDS resin, silica gel, reverse phase C18 and preparative HPLC. On the basis of spectroscopic data analysis, they were elucidated as (1R, 4R, 10R)-1β, 4α-dihydroxy-11, 12, 13-trinor-5, 6-eudesmen-7-one (1), 1β, 4β-dihydroxy-11, 12, 13-trinor-8, 9-eudesmen-7-one (2), oxyphyllenone A (3), oxyphyllenone B (4), rhamnocitrin (5), staphylionoside D (6), benzyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1S)-phenylethylene glycol (8), and (S)-1-phenylethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (9). Among them, compound 1 is a new sesquiterpene, named as oxyphyllenone C; compounds 8 and 9 are new natural products; compounds 2 and 6 were isolated from the genus Alpinia for the first time, and compound 7 was isolated from A. oxyphylla for the first time.

Objective To systematically evaluate the relationship between p53 gene codon72 polymorphism and onset risk of prostate cancer (PCa) among Asian population by meta-analysis.Methods The databases of PubMed,Medline,Ovid,Wanfang and CNKI were retrieved for screening the case control trials on the relationship between p53 gene codon72 polymorphism and onset risk of PCa among Asian population.The obtained data were statistically analyzed by using the Stata 12.0 software,moreover the data reliability and publication bias of statistical literature were evaluated.Results The meta analysis showed that the p53 gene codon72 polymorphism had no obvious correlation with PCa onset risk in Asian population.The subgroup analysis results on the control source showed the coden72 polymorphism in P vs.A,PP vs.AA,PA+PP vs.AA models based on the hospital source subgroup could significantly decrease the Pca susceptibility among Asian population[P vs.A:OR =0.680,95 ％ CI(0.546,0.847),P=0.001;PP vs.AA:OR=0.409,95％CI(0.260,0.645),P=0.000;PA+PP vs.AA:OR=0.513,95％CI(0.350,0.749),P=0.001],whereas the codon 72 polymorphism in PA vs.AA and PA+PP vs.AA genotypes in the control source subgroup based on the common population increased the PCa onset risk among Asian population [PA vs.AA:OR=1.664,95 ％CI(1.272,2.177),P=0.000;PA+ PP vs.AA:OR =1.314,95 ％ CI(1.020,1.693),P =0.003 6].The subgroup analysis was conducted according to whether conforming to the HWE equilibrium,the results showed p53 gene codon 72 polymorphosm was a protective factor for decreasing PCasusceptibility among Asian population in the subgroup unconforming to the HWE equilibrium [PP vs.AA:OR=0.251,95％CI(0.135,0.467),P=0.000;PA+PPvs.AA:OR=0.564,95％CI=(0.330,0.964),P=0.036].Conclusion p53 gene codon72 polymorphism has no relation with PCa susceptibility among Asian population.

Objective To investigate the effects of different anesthesia methods on oxidative stress in elderly patients undergoing neurosurgery.Methods Totally 60 patients undergoing neurosurgery were randomly divided into 3 groups:propofol group,isoflurane group and sevoflurane group (n-20 each group),heart rate(HR) and mean artery pressure(MAP) in all patients were recorded at the time points of pre anesthesia (T0),incision of skin (T1),incision of dura (T2),end of operation (T3).The activity of superoxide dismuase (SOD),catalase (CAT),and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured at the time of T0,6 h (T4),24 h (T5),48 h (T6),72 h (T7)after operation.The efficacy of anesthesia was evaluated by Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at 3 months after operation.Results The activity of SOD,CAT and GSH Px in 3 groups were lower at T5and T6 than at T0 (P＜0.05).The SOD activity at T4,T5,T5and TTwere higher in propofol group [(87.2±11.8) U/ml,(75.1±12.4) U/ml,(84.6±9.3) U/ml,(92.5±12.5) U/ml,respectively]than in isoflurane group [(75.0±12.2) U/ml,(63.8±8.9) U/ml,(70.3±9.0) U/ml,(82.5±13.5) U/ml,respectively] and in sevoflurane group [(79.4±10.4) U/ml,(68.7±10.5) U/ml,(72.0±10.9) U/ml,(85.17±8.41) U/ml,respectively] (all P＜0.05).The CAT activity at T5 was higher in propofol group [(66.59±7.21) U/ml] than in isaflurane group [(51.58±8.19) U/ml] and in sevoflurane group [(58.49±7.27) U/ml] (both P＜0.05).The GSH-Px activity was higher at T4,T5and T6 in group propofol[(159.2 ± 20.8) U,(140.7 ± 16.2) U,(152.3 ± 19.1) U,respectively] than in isoflurane group [(129.4±17.9) U,(108.3±15.9) U,(118.4±14.1) U,respectively] and in sevoflurane group [(140.1±15.8) U,(125.2± 17.1) U,(137.9±10.7) U,respectively] (all P＜0.05).The outcome of neurosurgery had no significant differences among the 3 groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Propofol has a better effect on oxidative stress than isoflurane and sevoflurane in elderly patients undergoing neurosurgery.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of discharge planning and home care for patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD).Methods A total of 60 PD patients were randomly divided into the intervention group and control group,30 cases in each group.Discharge planning and home care were carried out in the intervention group, while routine nursing and telephone follow -up service after discharge were implemented in the control group.The patientsˊscores of Zung Self -Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self -Rating Depression Scale(SDS),Self management ability of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis,complication rate and readmission rate were compared between the two groups at the next day admission,discharge,lth month and 3th after discharge.Results The scores of SAS and SDS in the intervention group were significantly lower than that in the control group at 3th month after discharge,the difference was statistically significant(tSDS =5.263,tSAS =3.812,P <0.05).The Self management ability of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis was significantly higher than that of the control group at lth and 3th month after discharge,the difference was statistically significant (t =6.845,t =7.231,P <0.05).No significant difference in the re -admission rate (16.67%,6.67%)was found between the two groups (χ2 =0.387,P >0.05).The complication rate in the intervention group was significantly lower than in the control group at 3th month after discharge(χ2 =5.124,P <0.05).Conclusion Discharge planning and home care can effectively relieve depression and anxiety in patients with peritoneal dialysis and improve the abilities of daily life.It is worth promoting and applying in clinic.