ObjectiveTo investigate the level of caregiver burden of primary caregivers of children with autism,and explore the factors related to caregiver burden.Methods 177 caregivers of children with autism were tested with caregiver burden inventory(CBI) and childhood autism rating scale(CARS).A cross-sectional and multisite study design was used.ResultsThe scores of caregiver burden was ( 57.50 ± 14.91 ),and time-dependence burden and developmental burden were the most serious domains.Caregiver burden was affected by caregiver's age,caregiver's religious beliefs,caregiver's marital status,caregiver employment status and education degree and children's scores of CARS and degree of CARS( -0.151 ≤ r ≤0.282,P＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe data suggest that community care workers should pay attention to caregivers of children with autism and give them personalized health education and intervention according to the demographic characteristics of the caregivers and the severity of children disease.

Objective To investigate the quality of life (QOL) of the primary caregivers of children with autism and find the influencing factors.Methods 163 caregivers of children with autism were assessed with short form 36 health survey questionnaire(SF-36) in Chinese,and the data were analyzed by correlation.Results The QOL of the caregivers was injured in many fields.The scores of the eight dimensions of SF-36 were listed respectively as:physical functioning (PF) 84.69 ± 16.39,role limitation due to physical health (RP) 28.87 ± 22.85,bodily pain (BP) 64.72 ± 21.85,general health perception (GH) 50.06 ± 21.80,vitality (VT) 42.79 ± 23.42,social functioning (SF) 52.76 ± 25.46,role limitations due to emotional problems (RE) 32.10 ± 22.27,mental health (MH) 46.17 ± 24.43.The QOL of the primary caregiver was closely related to the caregiver's age,educational level,the family economical situation and time of caring (P ＜ 0.01),and also related to the children's age,autism procedure (P＜0.05).There was no relationship betwecn the QOL and the children's gender,time of participating in rehabilitation training,whether the only child or not,type of medical expense,the caregiver's gender,nationality,marital status,religion,relation with the children,and the family residence.Conclusions The QOL of the primary caregivers of children with autism is affected seriously,and should be intervened accordingly.

Objective To investigate the relationship between dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) gene polymorphisms and cognitive function in patients with recurrent depressive disorder.Methods 49 recurrent depressive disorder patients and 60 age-,gender-and education-matched normal controls were recruited in this case-control study.Clinical symptoms were evaluated by HAMD and Wechsler adult memory scale,Wisconsin card sorting test,trail making test(TMT),verbal fluency test (VFT),S troop colorword test were used to evaluate cognitive function.The gene polymorphisms of DTNBP1 were determined by PCR-RFLP technique.SPSS 16.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results The distributions of genotypes in the patients and controls were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P＞0.05).The time in trail making A task (73.4±30.5 vs 56.2± 11.7),the digital Span (9.6±2.3 vs 8.1±3.0),visual reproduction (9.6±2.3 vs 7.4±3.1),paired association learning (9.7±2.2 vs 6.1±4.2) and Spilling forward (9.1 ±2.4 vs 7.2±2.9) in Wechsler adult memory scale,the categories completed (1.8 ± 1.6 vs 2.5 ± 1.8),total trials (47.6± 1.1 vs 47.3± 0.7) and error numbers (28.5±5.3 vs 24.1±9.3) in WCST performs,and the word meaning interference score (18.4±9.0 vs 25.3±9.5) in Stroop color-word test were monitored.Patients with the genotype of rs9476867 G/G got higher interference number than patients with DTNBP1 rs9476867 C/G and C/C,and patients with the genotype of rs16876738 A/G spent more time to finish TMT-A than patients with rs16876738 G/G and A/A.G/G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of rs9476867 and A/G SNP of rs16876738 affected attention ability.Conclusion DTNBP 1 gene polymorphisms are correlated with cognitive function in recurrent depressive disorder patients.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of facial fat tissue grafting and remodeling with SMAS suspension in facial rejuvenation.MethodsThe treatment process of 12 patients with facial fat tissue grafting and SMAS-suspended rhytidectomy were reviewed retrospectively,the surgical operative procedure and treatment results of facial liposuction and autologous fat grafting with SMAS-suspended rhytidectomy were analyzed and evaluated.Results12 patients underwent facial liposuction,SMAS-suspended rhytidectomy and autologous free fat tissue grafting and remodeling.All the followed-up cases obtained good results without complications.ConclusionsCombined surgery of facial fat tissue remodel with SMAS-suspended rhytidectomy not only corrects the soft tissue laxity,but also modifies the faical volume loss.It solves the aging problems in different angles through soft tissue lift and volume restoration.It is a relatively ideal surgical method of facialplasty for those aged patients.

ObjectivesTo identify the related abnormalities of gray matter in pediatric patients with Tourette syndrome (TS) by using the optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Methods Three dimensional T1WI was acquired in 31 TS children (28 boys,3 girts,mean age 8 years,range 4-15 years) and 50 age- and sex-matched controls on a 1.5 Tesla Philips scanner. Images were pre-processed and analyzed using a version of VBM 2 in SPM 2.The whole brain gray matter volume was compared between the study and control group by using t-test.Multivariate linear regression analysis was used for analyzing the correlation between the change of grey matter volume within each brain region (mm3 ) and YGTSS score and course of disease of TS patients.Statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS 13.0.ResultsUsing VBM,significant increases in gray matter volumes in left superior parietal lobule, right cerebellar hemisphere and left parahippocampal gyrus were detected in TS patients,and the volume changes were 4059,2126 and 84 mm3 ( t =3.93,3.71,3.58,P ＜ 0.05 ) respectively.Compared to the control group,decreased grey matter volumes were found in medulla and left pons,and the volume changes were 213 and 117 mm3( t =3.53,3.48,P ＜ 0.05 )respectively.Tic severity was not correlated with any volume changes of gray matter in brain (P ＞ 0.05,a small volume correction,KE ≥ 10 voxel).Tic course was negatively correlated with the gray matter volume of left parahippocampal gyrus ( Beta =- 0.391,P =0.039 ).ConclusionsUsing VBM technique,the gray matter abnormalities can be revealed in TS patients without obvious lesions on conventional MR imaging.The increasing volume of temporal and parietal lobes and cerebellar may be an adaptive anatomical change in response to experiential demand. The gray matter volume of the parahippocampal gyrus may be used as one potential objective index for evaluating the prognosis of TS.

BACKGROUND:The correlation between blood stasis syndrome and non-blood stasis syndrome of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To construct serum protein pattern model for diagnosing blood stasis syndrome of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion.
METHODS:A total of 180 cases were included in this study and divided into treatment group (120 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion) and control group (60 healthy cases from physical examination). Furthermore treatment group was equal y assigned into blood stasis syndrome subgroup and non-blood stasis syndrome subgroup, with 60 cases in each subgroup. The involved cases were wel matched in nations, genders and ages. Serum samples of peripheral blood from the 180 cases were col ected. Surface-enhanced laser desorption/inionation time of flight mass spectrometry and ProteinChip technology were employed to detect and plot protein mass spectrum. The protein peak values were identified using Biomarker Wizard software. Then serum diagnosis model of blood stasis syndrome of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion was established. The obtained models were verified through double blind method. The differential proteins were searched by ExPASy data.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:We detected that peak values of eleven proteins had statistical significance (P<0.05) from the involved 180 cases. Among them, two proteins were highly expressed while the other nine proteins were lowly expressed. Serum protein pattern model for diagnosing blood stasis syndrome of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion was established through Biomarker Patterns software, and the sensibility was 86.667%, the specificity was 94.167%, the positive predictive value was 88.136%. There are a variety of abnormal y expressed proteins in the serum of the patients with blood stasis syndrome of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion. The serum protein pattern model involved eleven different proteins can be used to diagnose blood stasis syndrome of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of executive function and alterations in monoamine neurotransmitters in methamphetamine-dependent adolescents and to analyse the relationship between executive function and monoamine neurotransmitters.Methods:From January to March 2017, totally 50 female methamphetamine-dependent adolescents and 50 male methamphetamine-dependent adolescents were selected as the experimental group in two compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centres in Sichuan Province, while normal adolescents (50 males and 50 females) matching the age and gender of the experimental group were recruited as the control group in a school.Executive function was tested by the N-back test, colour word interference test and Hanoita test, and serum levels of dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 21.0 software.The t-test was used to compare the differences of executive function between the experimental group and control group, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between executive functions and monoamine neurotransmitters in the experimental group. Results:The differences in the number of correct 0-back responses ((105.38±17.00) vs (114.05±5.29) ) and correct response time ((728.82±110.95) ms vs (652.24±89.88) ms), number of correct 2-back responses ((54.78±23.04) vs ( 74.01±12.01)) and correct response time ((585.74±245.35) ms vs (477.44±181.26) ms), the number of correct responses in the Stroop task ((29.68±7.19) vs (33.60±7.36)) and correct response time ((973.73±228.27) ms vs ( 916.11±98.54) ms), and the number of TOH movement steps ((99.42±32.83) vs (87.70±32.55)) were statistically significant in the experimental group compared to the control group(all P<0.05). In the experimental group, serum dopamine ((5.06±1.55) μg/mL vs (3.18±1.97) μg/mL), 5-hydroxytryptamine ((351.94±119.90) ng/mL vs (149.27±69.24) ng/mL), epinephrine ((555.66±225.55) ng/mL vs (129.20± 81.39) ng/mL), and norepinephrine ((3.63±0.96) ng/mL vs (2.03±0.64) ng/mL) were higher than those in the control group, all with statistically significant differences (all P<0.01). Correlation analysis of executive function with monoamine neurotransmitters showed that serum dopamine level in the experimental group was correlated significantly with the number of correct 0-back, 2-back responses, correct response time, and TOH movement steps ( r=-0.194, 0.170, -0.163, 0.198, 0.196, all P<0.05), 5-hydroxytryptamine level was negatively correlated with the number of correct 0-back, 2-back responses( r=-0.267, -0.375), and was positively correlated with correct response time ( r=0.243, 0.177). Adrenaline content was significantly correlated with the number of correct 0-back and 2-back responses, correct response time, and the number of correct Stroop test responses, correct response time ( r=-0.340, 0.212, -0.415, 0.170, -0.212, 0.178, all P<0.05). Norepinephrine level was correlated significantly with the number of correct 0-back responses, correct response times, correct 2-back responses, correct Stroop test responses, and TOH movement steps ( r=-0.245, 0.266, -0.291, -0.193, 0.226, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The executive function of methamphetamine-dependent adolescents is damaged to a certain extent and the content of monoamine neurotransmitter in serum is increased.There is a correlation between impairment in executive function and serum levels of monoamine neurotransmitters.

In order to construct an Escherichia coli strain with high sensitivity and specificity to detect arsenic ion using fluorescence as reporter, a sensitive strain to arsenic ion was obtained by knocking out the gene arsB that acts as an arsenic efflux pump. The pET28b vector containing arsenite detecting cassette Pars-arsR-egfp was constructed and then transformed into arsB deleted mutant. Measuring conditions of this constructed whole-cell biosensor were optimized and its linear concentration range, limit of detection and specificity were determined. This modified biosensor was much more sensitive than that using wild-type strain as host. The optimal detection range of As³⁺ concentration was 0.013 to 42.71 μmol/L, and the limit concentration of detection was as low as 5.13 nmol/L. Thus we successfully improved the sensitivity of arsenite detecting biosensor by modification of E. coli genome, which may provide useful strategies for development and optimization of microbial sensors to detect heavy metals.
Arsenites ; analysis ; Biosensing Techniques ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Metals, Heavy ; Microorganisms, Genetically-Modified ; Water ; chemistry