Objective To review the principles and techniques of CT perfusion imaging and its applications in the imaging diagnosis of abdominal disorders. Methods All the relevant literatures were reviewed. The principles and techniques of CT perfusion imaging were described and summarized in detail. The functional information of a target abdominal organ (e.g. the liver and pancreas) revealed by CT perfusion imaging, such as hemodynamics and microcirculation status, was also evaluated. Results In addition to the morphologic information, CT perfusion imaging can also provide functional information about the circulation parameters of target abdominal organs. Moreover, such functional information can be generated for the neovasculature and microcirculation of tumor lesions of abdominal organs, which is very helpful for not only the diagnosis, but also the evaluation of tumor invasiveness and response to treatment. Conclusion CT perfusion imaging offers an effective method for studying abdominal disorders by providing functional information that is quite useful for the differential diagnosis and assessment of therapeutic response.

Analysis for 6 metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn) by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer were made on hair samples of healthy 135 in urban area and 130 in rural area who have not dealt with the above metals in their daily working life. Marked variations were found. Samples of urban area contained more cadmium, copper, lead and manganese than those of rural area. No sexual difference in mean value could be observed and the amount of metals in hair did not increase with age. And no age dependency was found. There was a statistically significant correlation between the concentrations of cadmium and lead in both urban and rural people; Pb=1.50 Cd + 6.69 (r = 0.213, p<0.05) in urban area. Pb=1.44 Cd + 3.67 (r = 0.327, p<0.001) in rural area.
Absorption ; Cadmium ; Copper ; Hair* ; Humans* ; Manganese ; Metals

Treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system can be classified into conservative and surgical management. Injection therapy is one of the conservative methods, which is expected to improve symptoms or disease process by delivering effective medications directly to the involved site. If applied properly, it can be the treatment of choice considering the low cost. However, the natural course of the diseases varies widely, even in the same disease process. Therefore, some cases may be treated with simple rest, oral medication or other conservative measures, while others need sometimes surgery as the treatment of choice, especially of advanced diseases. So, we should bear in mind that injection therapy is just one of many treatment options, which should be employed with strict indications. Corticosteroids are the most frequently used agent for injection therapy. Many corticosteroid preparations are available for joint and soft tissue injection. Recently, the results of clinical applications with intraarticular preparations of hyaluronic acid have suggested some efficacy for degenerative arthritis. To achieve better results of injection therapy, the followings are the prereguisites: Accurate diagnosis Precise knowledge about the disease, indications, preparations of agent, complications and anatomy of the joints skillful technique
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Diagnosis ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Joints* ; Musculoskeletal System ; Osteoarthritis

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Xuebijing(XBJ)on the injury of vascular endothelial cells(VEC)induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS),and to study the mechanisms of the production of nitric oxide (NO)and the expressions of inducible nitric oxide sytnhase (iNOS)and signal transduction under XBJ intervention condition.Methods The cultured VEC were divided into control group, LPS (1 mg · L-1 )group, LPS (1 mg·L-1)+XBJ(25 g·L-1)group,LPS(1 mg·L-1)+pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC,20μmol·L-1) group;XBJ and PDTC were administrated 1 h before incubation of with LPS.Western blotting method was used to detect the expressions of iNOS and NF-κB p65 protein.The level of NO in the supernatant was measured by Griess reagent.Results Comparaed with control group,the NO level and the expression levels of iNOS protein and NF-κB p65 protein in VEC in LPS group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with LPS group,the NO level and the expression levels of iNOS protein and NF-κB p65 protein in VEC in LPS+XBJ group were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the NO level and the expression levels of NF-κB p65 protein and iNOS protein in VEC in LPS+PDTC group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).There were no significant differences of the NO levels and the expression levels of iNOS protein between LPS+XBJ group and LPS +PDTC group (P>0.05),but the expression level of NF-κB p65 protein in LPS+PDTC group was lower than that in LPS+XBJ group(P<0.05).Conclusion XBJ can inhibit the production of NO and the expression of iNOS protein in VEC;its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of NF-κB to control inflammation.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of erythromycin and azithromycin in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia.Methods 120 children with mycoplasma pneumonia were randomly divided into study group and control group according to digital table method,60 cases in each group.The control group was treated with erythro-mycin,while the study group used azithromycin treatment.Clinical curative effect was compared between the two groups.Results The disappearing time of cough[(4.58 ±0.75 )d],fever[(4.75 ±1.74)d],pulmonary rales [(7.84 ±2.85)d]of the study group were significantly shorter than those in the control group[(4.58 ±0.75)d, (4.75 ±1.74)d,(7.84 ±2.85)d],and the differences were statistically significant (t =7.54,385,5.93,all P <0.05).The total effective rate in the study group (95.00%)was significantly higher than that in the control group (83.33%),and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =8.08,P <0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the study group and the control group (χ2 =0.64,P >0.05 ). Conclusion Mycoplasma pneumonia in children for early diagnosis and treatment of dry,use of azithromycin curative effect was better than that of erythromycin.It could effectively relieve patients of fever,and alleviate the clinical symptoms of cough,pulmonary rales.

Objective To introduce the imaging modalities used for the evaluation of postoperative complications of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and to present the imaging findings of these complications. Methods The literatures related to the imaging methods and imaging manifestations of OLT complications were reviewed. Results Ultrasound was the initial imaging technique used for the detection of complications in the early postoperative period. Spiral CT and MRI yielded more accurate and comprehensive evaluation of postoperative complications in later stage. So far, there had been no specific imaging findings to suggest rejection reaction. The spectrum of imaging manifestations of OLT complications, such as vascular complications, biliary complications, liver parenchymal complications, and so on, were summarized and illustrated.Conclusion Imaging examination (especially ultrasound, spiral CT and MRI ) plays an important role in the evaluation of postoperative complications of OLT.

Objective To review the CT appearances and important differential diagnoses of various primary and secondary mesenteric neoplasms.Methods By describing the mesenteric anatiomy and major routes for the dissemination of metastatic mesenteric tumors, the article presents both the common and rare types of various primary and secondary mesenteric neoplasms, and addresses the characteristic CT appearances and important aspects of the differential diagnosis.Results CT study, especially the multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT), along with the clinical history and other related information, can nicely depict various mesenteric tumors and well differentiate them from infectious, inflammatory or vascular processes affecting the mesentery.Conclusion CT is the imaging method of choice for the evaluation of tumors of small bowel mesentery.

Objective To introduce the technique of three dimensional portal venography of multi detector row spiral CT and its clinical application in the evaluation of the portosystemic collateral shunts of liver cirrhosis. Methods All relevant literatures were retrospectively reviewed on the application of two dimensional and three dimensional reconstruction techniques such as MIP, SSD, VRT of multi detector row spiral CT to demonstrate the collateral vessels of liver cirrhosis.Results The distribution, pathway and anatomy of portosystemic collateral vessels were well shown by multi detector row spiral CT portal venography. Conclusion Multi detector row spiral CT portal venography provides excellent depiction of the anatomic characteristics of the collateral shunts and enables the continuous tracing of vascular structures, thus it is very helpful in the imaging evaluation of the collateral vessels of liver cirrhosis.

Objective To assess value and limitations of non-invasive methods in assessing liver fibrosis.Methods By summarized current situation and advancement of serum fibrotic markers,ultrasound,CT and MRI in assessing liver fibrosis,we investigated their value and limitations.Results In addition to diagnosis,non-invasive methods of assessing liver fibrosis assess severity of liver fibrosis.For liver fibrosis,however,non-invasive methods can not monitor effectively reaction to therapy and progression.Conclusion Non-invasive methods play important roles in diagnosis and assessing severity of liver fibrosis,and reduce the need of liver biopsy.

Objective To explore the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity and ventilation rate on release quantity of formaldehyde in woodiness boards. Methods A small climate chamber was employed to control the temperature, concentration of vapor and ventilation rate. The quantity of formaldehyde released from woodiness boards was determined by 4160 Formaldehyde Analyzer of INTERSCAN. Results The released quantity of formaldehyde increased from 0.12 mg/(m2?h) to 0.35 mg/(m2?h) as the temperature increased from 18 ℃ to 38 ℃, it increased from 0.20 mg/(m2?h) to 0.46 mg/(m2?h) as the concentration of vapor increased from 3.99 mg/L to 15.75 mg/L, it increased from 0.21 mg/(m2?h) to 0.62 mg/(m2?h) as the ventilation rate increased from 0.5 h-1 to 2.0 h-1. Conclusion The emission rate of formaldehyde in woodiness boards will be accelarated when the temperature, concentration of vapor and ventilation rate increased.