This paper draws several thoughts on medical English learning.First,although students have the positive learning attitude and definite learning purpose,they are influenced by the conventional learning habit,so when learning,they depend on their teacher.Second,the emphasis of college English reform should be put on the change of the students' learning habit.Third,the teacher should teach the learning strategy to the students.

Objective To investigate the effects of lidocaine throat surface anesthesia on hemodynamics in patients with surgical operation. Methods From January 2013 to April 2016, 118 cases of patients with upper abdominal surgery in our hospital, were randomly divided into observation group (n=68) and control group (n=50), the observation group were given lidocaine throat surface anesthesia, the control group did not give the throat surface anesthesia, observed two groups before induction of anesthesia (T0), before intubation (T1) and after 1 min (T2), 5min (T3) and 10min (T4) intubation, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and other indicators.Results The observation group T1 and T2 SBP, DBP, MAP were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05);observation group SBP at T4 was lower than control group (P<0.05);HR of observation group and control group was not statistically significant at each period;The incidence of cough and cough classification in observation group were 22.06% and (1.20 ±0.73), which were significantly lower than that of control group 58.00%and (3.18 ±0.57)(P<0.05).The observation group and the control group breathing recovery time and the time of opening eyes difference had no statistically significant.Conclusion The surface of lidocaine anesthesia can reduce the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation in patients with surgery and postoperative cough.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of Typhae pollen decoction on isolated uterine smooth muscle(USM)contraction of rats at postconceptual stage. METHODS:16 Wistar rats at postconceptual stage were selected and USM strips were isolated. T. pollen decoction 0(blank control),2,4,8 and 12 mg(medicinal material)/ml were added respectively;the effects of T. pollen de-coction on USM strips contraction were observed,and mean tension,duration of contraction and frequency were measured and re-corded. The effects of T. pollen decoction on USM strips contraction were investigated after pretreatment of prostaglandin synthase inhibitor indometacin(1×10-7 mol/ml)and calcium channel blocker verapamil(1×10-7 mol/ml);USM tension,duration of contrac-tion and frequency were measured and recorded. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group,T. pollen decoction 4,8 and 12 mg(medicinal material)/ml could increase USM tension,duration of contraction and frequency(P<0.05);after added verapamil and indometacin,T. pollen decoction decreased USM tension,shortened duration of contraction and decreased frequency (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:T. pollen decoction can strengthen USM strips contraction,and the effect is inhibited by prostaglandin syn-thase inhibitor and calcium channel blocker.

Objective To assess the genetic toxicity and effects of cooking oil fume on oxidation-antioxidation level, immunity function of the workers occupationally exposed to cooking oil fume. Methods 108 subjects engaged in catering trade in Dongshan district of Guangzhou city were enrolled into this study by questionnaire investigation, serum MDA, SOD, activity of Lysozyme, micronucleus formation of periphery lymphocytes, blood lipids, blood routine indexes and vital capacity were determined. Results Compared with the control, serum MDA, micronucleus formation of periphery lymphocytes, CHOL, apoB LDL,WBC and mononuclear cells in the exposed group were significantly higher and a positive correlation was found between the levels of serum MDA, CHOL, apob, LDL, micronucleus formation of periphery lymphocyfes and length of service. Conclusion Cooking oil fume may injure oxidation-antioxidation system and have genetic toxity to human. The effect on lung function needs further study.

Objective To systematically analyze the effectiveness and security of Chinese medicinal ointment treating eczema for the purpose of making an objective and creditable evaluation and guiding clinical usage. Methods Data in the VIP database (1989-2008) and CHKD (1994-2008) were researched and literatures on the treatment of eczema were included. Randomized control trails (RCTs) of therapeutic effects were compared between Chinese medicinal ointment and western medical treatment. Jadad Scale was adopted and RevMan4.2.7 was used to conduct Мeta analysis. Results 11 RCTs were adopted, including 1415 cases.① Heterogeneity Test: It was found through analysis with fixed effect model that Q= 16.57, and P=0.08>0.05,which indicated that the effective between studies are homogenous. ② Total effect size' ORunited was 0.17,with the 95% confidence interval [0.29,0.58]. ③ x2=5.04 (P<0.01), P<0.05, the total ORunited had statistic significance, which indicated that the treatment of eczema with the Chinese Medicinal Ointment was obviously better than that of western medicinal Ointment. Conclusion It is a effective method to treat eczema with Chinese Medicinal Ointment, and there is no serious ADR. However, because of publication bias and RCTs of universal lower quality, the credibility of the conclusion was reduced.

Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in the treatment of portal hypertension conplicated by gallstones.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 96 patients with portal hypertension complicated by gallstones who underwent surgical treatment in The Fourth People's Hospital of Zigong from January 2012 to June 2016.These patients were divided into laparoscopic group with 50 patients who underwent LC and open group with 46 patients who underwent open cholecystectomy.The surgical conditions and changes in liver function after surgery were compared between the two groups.An analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups,and the least significant difference t-test was used for comparison between two groups;the t-test was used for comparison between two groups.The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.Results No deaths occurred during the perioperative period and no patient was converted to open surgery in the laparoscopic group.Compared with the open group,the laparoscopic group had significantly lower time of operation,intraoperative blood loss,length of hospital stay,hospital costs,and incidence rate of postoperative complications (t =2.075,7.389,4.839,and 3.809,x2 =4.697,all P ＜0.05).Both groups had increased or reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),total bilirubin (TBil),and albumin (Alb) at 1 day after surgery,which gradually returned to preoperative levels at 3 or 7 day after surgery.The laparoscopic group had significant changes in the serum levels of ALT,AST,and Alb (F =201.85,185.55,and 4.570,all P ＜ 0.01),while the open group had significant changes in the serum levels of ALT,AST,TBil,and Alb (F =597.84,373.10,5.617,and 10.429,all P ＜ 0.01).There were significant increases in the serum levels of ALT and AST 1 day after snrgery in the laparoscopic group and at 1 and 3 days after surgery in the open group (all P ＜0.05),and at 1 and 3 days after surgery,the laparoscopic group had significantly lower serum levels of ALT and AST than the open group (t =12.537,18.370,9.548 and 15.118,both P ＜0.01).At 1 day after surgery,the open group had a significant increase in the serum level of TBil (P ＜ 0.05) and a higher serum level of TBil than the laparoscopic group (t =2.547,P =0.013).There were significant reductions in the serum level of Alb at 1 day after surgery in the laparoscopic group and at 1 and 3 days after surgery in the open groups (all P ＜ 0.05),and at 1 day after surgery,the laparoscopic group had a significantly higher serum level of Alb than the open group (t =2.291,P =0.024).Conclusion LC is safe and feasible in the treatment of portal hypertension complicated by gallstones,and compared with open cholecystectomy,it has the advantages of a minimally invasive surgery and causes less liver damage.

Studies on nitrogen metabolism in rats and dogs during acute radiation damage were made, the main results being shown as follows:1. Rats given 630 r whole body radiation showed marked decrease of food intake, but their body weight losses exceeded substantially those of non-radiated rats in pair feeding group. As compared with the latter, the former had more excretion of urinary nitrogem and negative nitrogen balance in the 1st and 2nd day following the exposure of X-ray.2. Four adult male dogs were selected as experimental animals. After irradiation of 430 r,the daily intake of protein and calories were decreased and correspondingly the excretion of total nitrogen,urea nitrogen and amino nitrogen became increased, especially in the 1st and 2nd day.3. Three groups of dogs were fed to low, moderate and high protein diet respectively. Their nitrogen balance were different but normal, however, after irradiation of 400 r the nitrogen balances in the low protein diet group became negative whereas that in the moderate or high protein diet group in general was slightly positive.

Rats were divided into 4 groups. Among them the control group was fed to the synthetic diet consisted of egg white powder, sucrose, plant oil, vitamins and salts mixture, the other 3 groups being fed to the same diet except that instead of egg white and sucrose in 20 % composition of diet liver, cabbage and yeast were used respectively.After the irradiation of 630 r, the 30 days mortality in control group was significantly higher than any other experimental group. As compared with the control group, the liver-fed group had longer survival time and more increment of body weight in the recovery period. It suggested that certain factors might exist in liver, cabbage or yeast for the protective effect on acute radiation damage though the action of known nutrients (especially essential trace elements) was not completely exclusive.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; blood ; Bacteremia ; drug therapy ; Body Weight ; Drug Dosage Calculations ; Female ; Gentamicins ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; blood ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Male

Child, Preschool ; Congenital Hypothyroidism ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Williams Syndrome ; complications