Objective In order to optimize patient's medical treatment processes, and to improve the working efficiency of health care professionals and the quality of medical services. Methods The design and application of the electronic prescription module were introduced, and its advantages and existing problems were discussed. Results The electronic prescription module were applied generally. Orthodox patient's medical treatment processes were changed and the prescription management was normalized. Conclusion The electronic prescription module is one of the core components of the workstation system for the out-patient physicians. It optimizes the patient's medical treatment processes and improves the efficiency and the quality of medical services.

Food allergy is a common allergic disease.The severity and incidence of food allergy reaction which increases gradually in recent years has seriously affected the healthy growth of infants and toddlers.Although the use of animal models to study the pathogenesis and prevention of food allergy has become the most important and common method because of the restrictions of clinical research,the international standard of food allergy model has not been established yet.Researchers often use milk,egg and peanuts which are very important food sources of infants and toddlers as allergens in animal models on the pathogenesis and control strategies.This article summarizes the research progress of animal models of milk,egg and peanuts,which will be helpful for researchers to choose animal model due to different purpose.

During the last fifty-year medical treatments have made great advances in the treatment of heart failure(HF).The current applicatin of treatment improves the life quality of patients with HF,and reduces their clinical envents and mortality.But the patients with refractory heart failure(RHF) have poor prognosis.This article reviews and analyzes the advances in the therapies for patients with RHF.

Objective To investigate the effects of titanium nitride(TiN) coating on corrosion resistance of dental Co-Cr alloy in the simulated oral environment. Methods The Co-Cr alloy commonly used was casted with specimen sized of 10 mm× 10 mm×3 mm. Then the specimen was coated with a thickness of 2.5 μm TiN coating on the surface by multi-arc physical vapor deposition. The Tafel polarization curves of the specimen before and after coating titanium nitride in artificial saliva were measured by electrochemical station. Results From the Tafel polarization curves, the specimen after coating TiN showed that both anodic polarization curve and cathodal polarization curve were fiat, natural corrosion potential moved to the positive way, and passivation interval got longer. From the annular anodic polarization curves, the specimen after coating TiN had almost no "delay area". Conclusion TiN coating can improve corrosion resistance of Co-Cr alloy.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting rational drug use and formulating medication policy by health ad-ministrative department. METHODS:The utilization of top 20 adjuvant drugs in the list of consumption sum in 11 tertiary hospitals from Xi’an area during 2013-2015 was analyzed statistically in respects of total consumption sum and constituent ratio,the con-sumption sum of single type,DDDs,DDC,ADR,etc. RESULTS:The total consumption sum and the proportion of adjuvant drugs in 11 tertiary hospitals from Xi’an area increased year by year from 2013 to 2015,accounting for 8.43%,10.25% and 12.20%,respectively. 13 kinds of adjuvant drugs were included in top 20 in the list of total consumption sum from more than 3 hospitals. Deproteinised calf blood serum injection,Alprostadil injection and Danhong injection took up the first 4 places in the list of consumption sum,and Salvianolate for injection took up the first 3 place during 2014-2015. Alprostadil injection,Xueshuantong injection and Spleen peptide oral lyophilized powder took up the first 3 places in the list of DDDs. Spleen polypeptides injection, Yiqi fumai for injection and Cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection took up the first 3 places in the list of DDC,and their DDC were 885.24,372.34 and 349.37 yuan. The incidence of adjuvant drugs-induced ADR increased year by year,increasing from 9.13% of 2013 to 13.49% of 2015. CONCLUSIONS:At present,adjuvant drugs become the important part of clinical drug use in Xi’an area. The consumption sum and amount is increasing rapidly. Great importance should be attached to the rational use and safety of adjuvant drugs so as to control the unreasonable increase of drug expenses.

The paper expounds the humane landscape condition and resource of Zhejiang TCM ,puts emphasis on the evaluation of hu-mane connotation of Hangzhou Huqing Yutang, Yiwu Danxi Lingyuan and Lanxi Zhuge Village Dajingtang pharmaceutical mu-eums, also proposes detailed plan of Hangzhou TCM humane landscape construction.

Congenital heart disease often lost the opportunity of radical sureryfor secondary pulmonary hypertension.pulmonary hypertension is pathologicallycharacterizzed by pulmonary vascular remodeling,including the vascular smooth musclecell' s proliferation,migration and extracelluar matrix deposition,Recently,someresearchers have found that connective tissue growth factor can bind with somesurface receptors of vascular smooth muscle cells,causing some biological behaviorchanges such as proliferation,migration and extracellular matrix abnormaldeposition,and activating crresponding gene expression through this signaltransduction pathway.Pulmonary vascular remodeling may be one of the molecularpathogenesis in pulmonary hypertension.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and regularity of ADR in secondary-level hospitals and above in Xi’an in order to provide reference for clinical drug use. METHODS:During Oct. 2012-Jun. 2014,1 372 ADR cases reported in 36 hospitals at secondary-level or above in Xi’an were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS:Among 1 372 cases of ADR reports,the incidence of ADR in the above 60 age group occupied the highest percentage,being 29.67%(407 cases);ADR reports were most likely caused by antibacterial drugs,accounting for 45.77%,followed by TCM injections(15.82%)and circulatory system drugs(9.55%);the largest number of ADR reports was caused by injections(1 210 cases,88.19%);the main types of ADR were lesion of skin and its appen-dents,accounting for 44.16%. The most number of ADR was induced by Levofloxacin injection,involving 95 cases. CONCLU-SIONS:Mastering the characteristics and regularity of ADR help managers to standardize clinical rational drug use and ensure patients’ medication safety.

Objective To inustigate oceular blood flow velocity in the eyes of paicients with diabetic retino pathy.Methods Hemodynamic parameters in the ophthalmic arteny(OA),central retinal artery(CRA) were determined with color Doppler sonography(CDS) in 70 eyes of 35 patients with diabetic retinopathy and 80 eyes of 40 patients of mormal controlts.Results Compared with normal subjects,the patients with diabetic retinopathy showed significant slower hemodynamic pararneters with OA.CRA and higher with resistive index(P

With the illustration of the L-Arg-NO-cGMP pathway in penile erection,the researches on nitric oxide synthases(NOSs),which produce nitric oxide(NO)as the main messenger to control the process,has stayed in the spotlight.nNOS locates in neuroal tissues and eNOS is binding on the membrane of cavernous sinus endothelium with caveolin.The nNOS & eNOS are expressed constitutively.The activation of nNOS & eNOS is more dependent on Ca2+ concentration than iNOS,which is seldom expressed except in aged or pathological conditions.It is now clear that nNOS may initiate cavernosal tissue relaxation under the regulation of PDZ zone when transcripted,while phosphorylated eNOS may facilitate attainment and maintenance of full erection.iNOS expression stimulated by the cytokines may be beneficial(cytoprotective or anti-fibrotic)or deleterious(cytotoxic)according to the tissue environment.Gene therapies based on NOSs have attained a great deal of achievements in animal experiments and will promise a wonderful future.