Tumor markers play an important role in tumor mass screening, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tumor, tumor staging, therapeutic evaluation and prognosis assessment. According to the nature,tumor markers can be classified as follows: embryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigens, proteins, enzymes, hormones, and so on. And tumor markers have been used in clinical widely.

Arteriovenous fistula stenosis developed in 32 patients who received hemodialysis from April 2014 to April 2016, including 24 cases of autologous arteriovenous fistula ( AVF) and 8 cases of artificial vessel arteriovenous fistula ( AVG).In AVF patients, there were 20 cases with blood flow decreasing and 4 cases of venous hypertension , while in AVG patients there were no cases with blood flow decreasing and 8 cases with venous pressure increasing (χ2 =17.77, P<0.001).All patients underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( PTA ) . In all patients the vascular diameter was increased significantly after PTA treatment [(3.6 ±0.2) vs.(1.2 ±0.1) mm, t=18.52, P<0.001].The blood flow during hemodialysis was increased significantly after PTA treatment in patients with anastomoti stenosis [(265.4 ±21.5) vs.( 150.5 ±23.1 ) ml/min, t =21.81, P <0.001 ]; however, there were no significant changes in venous pressure [(68.6 ±8.7) vs.(69.3 ±6.1) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), P>0.05].The blood pressure was decreased after PTA treatment [( 71.2 ±7.9 ) vs.( 170.4 ± 15.7) mmHg, t=34.62, P<0.001] in patients with venous outflowtract stenosis , however, there were no significant changes in the blood flow [(264.1 ±15.2) vs.(260.7 ±17.3) ml/min, t=1.04, P>0.05].

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of combined test of C-reactive protein,amylase and lipase for acute pan-creatitis patients in early stage,and its practicability in assessment of disease severity.Methods 71 cases of acute pancreatitis pa-tients in the hospital from March 2012 to March 2014 were enrolled in the study,including 60 cases of mild pancreatitis patients,11 cases of severe pancreatitis patients.Meanwhile,30 cases of non-acute pancreatitis patients were enrolled as Control Group A,and 50 cases of adults who underwent conventional examination and proved to be healthy were enrolled as Control Group B.Detection of C-reactive protein,amylase and lipase of these samples were performed and the results were recorded,compared and analyzed.Re-sults The serum amylase level of acute pancreatitis patients was (759.42±721.63)U/L,and serum lipase level were (1 624.34± 1 598.25)U/L,which were significantly higher than people in Control Group A and Control Group B,with statistical significance (P <0.05).However,C-reactive protein level of acute pancreatitis patients were (44.61±34.21)mg/L,which were not statistical-ly different compared with Control Group B.Combined test of the three indicators demonstrated that the sensitivity was 95.9%, specificity was 100% and accuracy was 96.9%,all of which were higher than other test combinations or singe test with statistical significance(P <0.05 ).Conclusion The combined test of C-reactive protein,amylase and lipase for acute pancreatitis patients doesn′t only improve early diagnostic efficiency,but also is helpful in disease severity judgment.

Objective To evaluate the effects of hypothermic cardiopulmouary bypass(CPB) on depth of anesthesia measured by BIS and auditory evoked potential index(AEPI) monitoring and cerebral O_2 and glucose metabolism. Methods Twenty-eight ASA Ⅱ-Ⅲ patients of both sexes(15 males, 13 females) aged 29-55 yrs undergoing elective cardiac valve replacement under hypothemic CPB were studied. Patients were excluded from the study if they had hearing disturbance, hepato-renal dysfunction, diabetes melhtus, hypertension, cerehro-vascular or mental diseases. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular morphine 0.15 mg?kg~(-1) and scopolamine 0.3mg. Anesthesia was induced with midazulam 0.05-0.1 mg?kg~(-1), fentanyl 10 ug?kg~(-1) and pancuronium 0.1 mg?kg~(-1) and maintained with intermittent ⅰ.ⅴ. boluses of fentanyl, diazepam and pancuronium. Radial artery was cannulated for BP monitoring and blood sampling. A CVP catheter was inserted into right internal jugular vein and advanced in a cephalad direction until jugular bulb for blood sampling. BP, HR, T℃(naso-pharyngeal), BIS and AEPI were continuously monitored during operation. Arterial and jugular bulb blood samples were obtained before CPB(T_1), T℃ was lowered to 33℃(T_2)during stable hypothermia(T_3) during rewarming at 33℃(T_4) and 30 min after termination of CPB(T_5) for blood gas analysis and determination of glucose and lactate concentrations. Cerebral oxygen extraction rate(O_2 ER) cerebral glucose extraction rate(GER), arterial-jugular bulb venous lactate difference(DLa-jv) and arterial-jugular bulb venous O_2 content difference (Ca-jvO_2) were calculated. Results Blood glucose and lactate concentrations were significantly increased, while arterial blood pH and DLa-jv did not change significantly during CPB. Cerebral oxygen extraction rate(O_2ER), cerebral glucose extraction rate(GER) and arterial-jugular bulb venous O_2 content difference (Ca-jvO_2) decreased while jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation (SjvO_2) increased with decreasing body temperature. BIS and AEPI values decreased with decreasing T℃ and both were well correlated with T℃. AEPI was positively correlated with O_2 ER and negatively correlated with Ca-jvO_2 whereas BIS was positively correlated with PaO_2. Conclusion Cerebral metabolism is decreased during hypothermic CPB which also deepens anesthetic depth measured by BIS and AEPI monitoring.

Recent studies show that vitamin D plays a role in lung development and regulation of lung maturation in the fetus. The AAP and the Institute of Medicine( IOM) both define vitamin D insufficiency as ser-um 25-OH-D concentrations <50 nmol/L in the pediatric population. The surveys in our country show the prev-alence of vitamin D insufficiency is higher according to the criteria defined by AAP. Evidence from animal study suggests that vitamin D may increase alveolar count,alveolar septal thickness,lung volume and decrease airway resistance,immune cell aggregation leading to the maturation of lung. The cohort studies suggest low 25-OH-D level in infants at birth is associated with greater need for assisted ventilation,increased rate of ARDS,increased duration of oxygen requirement.

OBJECTIVE To study drug-resistance status in nosocomial infection with Staphylococcus in the local region,and take effective measures to control the nosocomial infection.METHODS Totally 129 strains of Staphylococcus were clinically isolated from various specimens from Jan 2006 to Dec 2008.The strain identification,detection of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus(MRS) and K-B disk diffusion test were performed.The data were analyzed statistically.RESULTS Among all 129 strains consisting of 6 species of Staphylococcus,the isolating rate of S.aureus predominated with 39.5%.Among them,meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) accounted for 29.4%.Among all coagulase-negative Staphyloccocus(CNS),meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(MRCNS) accounted for 32.1%.Meticillin-susceptible S.aureus(MSSA) showed significantly lower drug-resistance than MRS.CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial infection status caused by MRS is serious in the grass-roots hospitals.Effective measures should be taken to control it.

Fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm is a popular model widely used in the segmentation of magnetic resonance image (MRI). The conventional FCM doesn't involve the spatial information of MRI and then unexpected segmentation results appear when it is applied to inhomogeneous MRI with noise and bias field. Modifying the objective function of FCM and introducing a variable as the parameter to control the tight degree of neighborhood effect present a spatial model to FCM clustering algorithm. The variable can reasonably use the spatial information of MRI. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can provide a powerful segmentation than the conventional FCM and others.

Generally speaking,embryonic stem cells,embryonic germ cells and embryonal carcinoma cells are pluripotent stem cells and they have the potential to differentiate into germ cells.Spermatogonial stem cells is unique adult germline stem cells and can differentiate into sperm.Recent research with stem cells from both embryonic and adult origin will be discussed with particular attention to results that challenge conventional wisdom about the presence of germline stem cells in adults and the plasticity of adult stem cell types.This review focuses on the progress in the research of germline stem cells and introduces the origin and plasticity of adult germline stem cells and its future directions in medical science.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of quantitative detection of serum HBsAg.Methods Serum concentrations of HBsAg were detected by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay in 7612 hospitalized non-hepatitis patients.The distribution of HBsAg positive patients and the relationship of HBsAg concentration with serum anti.HBs.HBeAg and HBV DNA were analyzed.Results The HBsAg positive rate was 11.4%(870/7612)in this series.The serum HBsAg ranged from 0.08 U/mL to 125 000 U/mL with a median of 932.28 U/mL.No significant difference of HBsAg concentrations between male and female patients was observed(Z=-0.366,P＞0.05).1.There were negative correlation of HBsAg concentration with the age of patients(r=-0.370,P＜0.01),and positive correlations of HBsAg with HBeAg(r=0.654,P＜0.01)and HBV DNA levels(r=0.765,P＜0.01).Conclusion The quantitative determination of seFum HBsAg may be useful in estimating the hepatitis B viral replication and clearance.