Objective:To observe the effects of bama nectar in kidney-yang deficienct mice and on the mating ability and sperm counts of normal mice. Methods:The weight, body temperature, locomotor activity, cold-resistant,genital organ coefficient and lipid peroxidation of the hydrocortisone-induced kidney-yang deficient mice were detected. The genital organ ccoefficient, immune organ co-efficient and erectile function of the ovariectomized mice were detected. The mating ability and the sperm counts of normal mice were measured. Results:Compared with the model group, bama nectar obviously increased the weight, body temperature and locomotor ac-tivity of the hydrocortisone-induced kidney-yang deficient mice, and improved the locomotor activity, the organ coefficient of seminal vesicle, prostate gland, preputial gland and epididymis. Furthermore, bama nectar significantly increased the SOD activity in serum and reduced the level of MDA in serum when compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the model group, bama nectar could increase the organ coefficient of foreskin and thymus gland in the ovariectomized mice, and shorten the erec-tile latency (P<0. 05). Compared with the normal group, bama nectar improved the mating ability and the sperm counts of the male mice (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Conclusion:Bama nectar has beneficial effects on invigorating kidney and strengthening yang.

Objective:To optimize the extraction process of the water extract of Zhenwutang and study on the preparation of gran -ule of Zhenwu decoction to provide reference for the development and utilization of Zhenwutang granule .Methods: Heating refluxing was used, and the effects of the ratio of solid to liquid , extraction time and times were investigated by orthogonal test .As the synthetic indices of evaluation , the yield of extraction and the contents of paeoniflorin and benzoylmesaconine measured by HPLC were deter -mined to confirm the optimal water extraction process of Zhenwutang granule .Besides, granularity pass rate, moisture, loss on drying, solubility and angle of repose of the granule were regarded as the indices to evaluate the best ratio of the excipients in the preparation of the granule by single factor test.Results:Paeoniflorin and benzoyl mesaconitine had good linearity within the range of 5.45-32.70μg (r=0.9996) and 3.24-16.80 μg(r=0.9997), respectively.The average recovery was 99.62％ (RSD =1.34％ , n=6) and 1017.2 ％(RSD=1.74％, n=6), respectively.The optimum extraction process was as follows :the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:12 with twice refluxing extraction ( 2h for each time) .The optimum granule forming process was as follows:the pharmaceutical excipients were a mixture of dextrin and soluble starch with the best ratio of 1:3. The granularity pass rate , moisture, loss on drying, solubility and angle of repose of the granule was94 .12％ ,4.87 ％, 0.93％,89 .23％ and 36.18°, respectively.Conclusion:The optimized re-fluxing extraction process is stable , reliable and feasible , and the prepared granule is in good formability and melting .

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have made COVID-19 convalescents susceptible to re-infection and have raised concern about the efficacy of inactivated vaccination in neutralization against emerging variants and antigen-specific B cell response. To this end, a study on a long-term cohort of 208 participants who have recovered from COVID-19 was conducted, and the participants were followed up at 3.3 (Visit 1), 9.2 (Visit 2), and 18.5 (Visit 3) months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. They were classified into three groups (no-vaccination (n = 54), one-dose (n = 62), and two-dose (n = 92) groups) on the basis of the administration of inactivated vaccination. The neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers against the wild-type virus continued to decrease in the no-vaccination group, but they rose significantly in the one-dose and two-dose groups, with the highest NAb titers being observed in the two-dose group at Visit 3. The NAb titers against the Delta variant for the no-vaccination, one-dose, and two-dose groups decreased by 3.3, 1.9, and 2.3 folds relative to the wild-type virus, respectively, and those against the Omicron variant decreased by 7.0, 4.0, and 3.8 folds, respectively. Similarly, the responses of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific B cells and memory B cells were boosted by the second vaccine dose. Results showed that the convalescents benefited from the administration of the inactivated vaccine (one or two doses), which enhanced neutralization against highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variants and memory B cell responses. Two doses of inactivated vaccine among COVID-19 convalescents are therefore recommended for the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccination guidelines and policies need to be updated.