: Biliary diseases during pregnancy are not uncommon and are frequently due to cholelithiasis. Choledochal cyst during pregnancy is rare. The management of biliary pathologies during pregnancy poses a challenge as the window of opportunity to carry out any interventions with minimal risk is small.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common presentations in general practice and,in most instances, occurs in a single episode and is easily treated with a course of anti-microbialtherapy. In the case of recurrent urinary tract infections, it is important to consider evaluation forany underlying causes. We report the case of a 32 year old female who had recurrent UTIs; this wasa case of recurrent UTI secondary to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis from renal stones withresultant reno-colic fistula formation.

OBJECTIVES: To  present  an  uncommon  cause  for  a  submandibular  mass  and  review  of  the literature.
METHODS:
Design: Case Report
Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital
Patient: One
RESULTS: A  25-year-old  lady  presented  with  a  painless  chronic  submandibular  swelling. Ultrasound identified a solid mass following which an uncomplicated core biopsy was performed obtaining    an    accurate    pre-operative    histopathological    diagnosis.    Pre-operative    arterial embolization of this vascular mass led to a relatively bloodless wide local excision. Radiological imaging for distant metastases was negative.
CONCLUSION: Epitheloid  Hemangioendothelioma  is  an  uncommon  cause  for  a  submandibular mass.   A malignant   vascular   soft   tissue   tumor   with   morphologic   characteristics   similar   to carcinomas, melanomas and epitheloid sarcomas, it has a high rate of metastasis and morbidity when it affects the soft tissues and viscera. Immunohistochemistry provides clues to differentiation and recommended treatment consists of a surgical wide local excision with regional lymph node resection. As there are no established standard therapeutic protocols for this disease due to its rarity, an individual case-by-case approach and follow-up needs to be undertaken.

Human ; Female ; Adult ; Neoplasms ; Immunohistochemistry ; Viscera ; Melanoma ; Hemangioendothelioma ; Radiography ; Sarcoma ; Biopsy ; Lymph Nodes