Objective To explore the relationship between smoking and pain intensity in heroin-dependent patients (HDPs) receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).Methods A total of 603 HDPs from MMT outpatients completed a socio-demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire,a smoking questionnaire,Heaviness of Smoking Index,and Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale.Five-point Verbal Rating Scale was used to assess pain intensity.Results After adjustment for the confounding effects of socio-demographics,clinical characteristics,and depressive symptoms in the analysis of covariance,smokers had significantly higher pain intensity score compared with non-smokers (F=1 1.836,P=0.002).Multiple comparisons showed that the pain intensity level of patients with moderate-to-severe nicotine dependence was the highest,patients with mild nicotine dependence took the second place,and patients with no nicotine dependence was the lowest [(3.11±1.04) vs.(2.67±1.13) vs.(2.47± 1.15),all P＜0.05].Conclusion Smoking is significantly associated with pain in HDPs receiving MMT.The more severe the nicotine dependence that a HDP has,the intense the pain he/she has.

Objective To observe the effects of intensive insulin therapy on IL-10 level and NF-ΚB activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods The non-diabetic patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass in our department were selected and assigned to intensive therapy group (group A,n=40) and received strict glycemic control after the initiation of surgery.And those who undergoing cardiac surgery but without strict glycemic control were assigned to routine therapy group (group B,n=40) as controls.The blood glucose in group A was maintained at 4.4～8.3mmol/L,whereas the glucose in group B was below 11.lmmol/L.The concentration of serum IL-10 and NF-ΚB activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured at different time points.Results There were no significant differences in general data between two groups.The concentration of IL-10 in group B was significantly lower than that in group A(P<0.05).compared with group B,strict glycemic control markedly suppressed NF-KB activation (P<0.05).Conclusion Intensive insulin therapy could reduce the activity of NF-ΚB and then reduce the expression of IL-10.Strict glycemic control could significantly mitigate the systemic inflammatory response.

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in elderly patients.Methods 103 consecutive patients with STEMI treated by primary PCI were divided into two groups according to the age:the elderly group [aged≥65 years,with a mean age of (75.7 ±6.2) years(n =49],the non-elderly group [aged＜65 years,with a mean age of (43.0±8.6) years(n =54].Clinical characteristics,complications related to PCI procedure and success rate were analyzed,and major cardiovascular events (MACE) were followed up for(5.7 ± 1.2) months.Results The proportion of female,patients with Killip ≥ Ⅲ,three vessels disease and higher level of serum brain natriuretic peptide were higher in elderly group than in non-elderly group (all P＜0.05).No significant difference was observed between the two groups in success rate and complications of PCI procedure (both P＞0.05).Patients were followed up for (5.7± 1.2) months.The in-hospital and one-month mortalities were higher in elderly group than in non-elderly group [8.2％ (4 cases)vs.0％ (0 case),10.2％(5 cases) vs.0 ％ (0 case),respectively,all P＜0.05].There was no significant difference in six-month mortality and MACE between the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Killip ≥ Ⅲ was related with the increase of one-month mortality in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI,whereas age was not.Conclusions Primary PCI is effective and safe in elderly patients with STEMI.

OBJECTIVE:To explore an effective,economical drug purchasing mode for hospital drug warehouse.METHODS:The inventory costs and stock turnover rates for the zero-inventory-ordering system and fixed-interval-ordering system once applied in the Chinese patent drug stockroom in our hospital were analyzed using the analytical method of stock turnover rate.RESULTS:The average inventory costs of 2 policies were 155 600 yuan and 103 800 yuan,respectively,and their average stock turnover rates were 199.23% and 301.16%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The zero-inventory-ordering system is more conducive to the reduction of inventory cost of stock drugs.

Acute Disease ; Coma ; chemically induced ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Pesticides ; poisoning

Objective To analyze the ischemia degree of initial electrocardiogram in the patients of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and investigate its value in the predicting cardiogenic shock (CS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods Three hundred and ninety patients with STEMI from the onset of symptoms to admission within 12 h were divided into two groups based on grade Ⅱ ischemia (group A,248 cases) or grade Ⅲ ischemia (group B,142 cases) in the initial electrocardiogram.Clinical data,TIMI risk score,ST-segment resolution (STR),CS and cardiovascular events (hospital mortality,ventricular arrhythmias,reinfarction) were recorded in all patients.Results The gender,time from onset to balloon opening,smoking,hypertension,type 2 diabetes,hyperlipidemia,stroke,postoperative TIMI flow 3 grade,coronary artery lesions and lesions in the left main stem between two groups was not statistically significant (P ＞0.05).In group B,the rate of ST segment resolution ＞ 50％ was significantly lower than that in group A [53.2％ (132/248) vs.29.6％ (42/142)] (P ＜ 0.01).The incidence of CS,in-hospital death,malignant ventricular arrhythmias in group B was higher than that in group A,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The age,left ventricular ejection fraction,TIMI risk score ＞ 3 points,Killip grade ＞ 1 grade,anterior myocardial infarction between two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).The indicators that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis were included into Logistic regression model and analyzed,with CS-related factors as independent variables and CS as the dependent variable and found that age (P =0.008),Killip class ＞ 1 grade (P =0.049),ST segment resolution rate (P =0.008) and grade Ⅲ ischemia (P =0.001) as independent predictors of CS after PCI.Conclusions Grade Ⅲ ischemia is an independent predictor of CS after PCI in STEMI patients.And it has predictive value for hospital mortality and ventricular arrhythmias.

Objective To discuss the treatment strategy of medial collateral ligament and combined injury in the terrible triad of elbow.Methods The data of 21 patients with terrible triad of elbow who received treatment from February 2010 to April 2012 was retrospectively analyized.There are 17 males and 4females with12 cases left and 9 right elbows.The average age of them was 37.6 years (16-57).MRI examination was performed routinely,and used as guidance of treatment strategy of medial collateral ligament and combined injury.For the patients without or with partial damage of anterior bundle of medial collateral ligament(AMCL) injury while the continuity of ligament remains complete in MRI image,exploration and repair of the medial collateral ligament is not conventional.For the patients with MRI image showing AMCL avulsion or body disruption,we routinely used antero-medial approach to explore and repair,suture-anchors were used for suture the bony avulsion of the medial collateral ligament,body disruption of ligament and combined flexor-pronator teres complex injury were also be suture repaired.None of the patients used hinged external fixator during operation.A hinged brace was applied after operation.Results All patients were followed up for an average of 12.4 months (6-26).At the last follow-up,the average range of motion of the elbow was 135.2 ±10.2 degrees,average straight limited degrees,6.7±2.2 degrees,an average of 142±11.0 degrees of flexion.Mayo elbow performance score was 92 points (85-100).17 cases were excellent and 4 were good.Complications included:a transient ulnar nerve palsy in 3 cases,heterotopic ossification in 2 cases,tardive ulnar neuritis in 1 case,no elbow residual instability,dislocation,elbow stiffness and other complications.Conclusion Anterior bundle of medial collateral ligament avulsion or body disruption should be routinely suture repaired,which is in favor of restoring elbow immediate stability favoring restore elbow immediate stability.

Objective To study the incidence and etiology of knee pain in patients with tibial shaft fracture after intramedullary nailing treatment. Methods From Jan 1997 to Dec 2002, 1332 patients with tibial shaft fracture were treated with intramedullary nailing in our hospital. Their clinical data were retrospectively studied. All the patients were followed up at least once after fracture healing, and the average clinical follow up duration was 27 months. Results 409 of the 1332 cases experienced knee pain. 31.9 percent of the patients treated with transtendinous nailing reported anterior knee pain, and 28.9 percent of the patients treated with paratendinous nailing reported knee pain. Conclusion Compared with the transpatellar tendon approach, the paratendinous approach for nail insertion does not reduce the incidence of anterior knee pain.

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of stress-relaxation plate on disorganization and repair of the cortex beneath the plate. METHODS: A washer made of viscoelastic polyethylene was placed between the screw and the screw hole of conventional stainless rigid plate (RP) to produce a stress-relaxation plate (SRP). Both SRP and RP were applied to osteotomized tibia in 48 New Zealand rabbits. Healing process of the fracture with either SRP or RP fixation (control) was comparatively studied with polarized light microscopy, in situ hybridization of collagen mRNA and immunohistochemical technique from 2 to 36 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: The study of plated bone remodeling showed that the degree of cortex osteoporosis beneath the plate was similar between the SRP and RP group within 12 weeks postoperatively. In comparison, the disorganization of bone structure in SRP group happened later and milder than that of RP group, and the repair process began at 12 weeks after implantation. As a consequence, the absorption cavities became smaller and the structure of collagen fibers became well oriented along with these changes by polarized light microscopy. In addition to these, the in situ hybridization analysis of collagen genes and the immunohistochemical study of type I, III collagen showed that the osteoblasts lying on the surface of absorption cavities expressed and synthesized type I collagen at 8 to 12 weeks after implantation. From this time on, the changes above became more evident significantly before most of cavities were repaired by 36 weeks. In contrast to the changes in the SRP group, no expression and synthesis of any kind of collagen could be observed during 12 to 36 weeks after implantation in RP group. CONCLUSIONS: Without removal of the bone plate, the SRP fixation not only reduces the degree of plated bone osteoporosis, but also makes the disorganized bone structure restored to normal in terms of the expression and synthesis of type I collagen mRNA of osteoblasts lying on the surface of absorption cavities.

Objective To study on NGF positive cells changes by the action of Danshen and explore the correlation between time and amount of NGF after traumatic brain injury (TBI)in rat.Methods72 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,including sham group,brain injury and Danshen therapy group.TBI rat models were made by fluid percussion.NGF was determined on the 3rd,7th and 14th day after TBI.ResultsNGF positive cells after traumatic brain injury in brain reached the maximum level at the 3rd day(1.29±0.61),and it decreased since the 7th day(2.03±0.42),and it decreased to the lowest level on the 14th day (0.87±0.23).NGF positive cells after traumatic brain injury treated by Danshen were more than those patients who were treated without Danshen(1.77±0.54,3.35±0.37,0.65±0.21 vs 0.75±0.31,1.58±0.52,0.49±0.36,P＜0.05～0.01).ConclusionsThe expression of NGF was significantly increased in brain damaged tissues.This may be served as a useful marker of diagnosis in time-course of brain leison.Danshen injection can be used to protect brain after traumatic brain injury.