Abnormal thyroid function is high risk for pregnancy.Studies from clinical observation and animal experiments have indicated that maternal sub clinical hypothyroidism during the first gestational term may lead to impairment of brain development of offspring,and early diagnosis and effective treatment may prevent the damage.Therefore,it is suggested that screening thyroid function before gestational 8 weeks in pregnant women is initiated.The changes in thyroid function during pregnancy are related to these changes in maternal thyroid physiology can lead to confusion in the diagnosis or evaluation of thyroid abnormalities.Establishment of trimester-specific reference ranges is urgently needed.Local iodine nutritional statue and testing reagent effect the measured value of thyroid function in general population,so it is recommend that all regions and hospitals should establish their own pregnancy reference ranges.

Objective · To evaluate the clinical characteristics of endometrial pathology in postmenopausal women with asymptomatic thickened endometrium. Methods · A retrospective review was conducted of the patients between October 2013 and October 2015 in the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital. The postmenopausal women with asymptomatic thickened endometrium of 5 mm or more found by transvaginal ultrasonography were recruited. They underwent hysteroscopy and endometrial sampling to analyze the relationship between endometrial pathology and endometrial thickness. Results · A total of 257 patients were recruited. The average age was 61.3 years old, the average menopause period was 122 months, and the average endometrium thickness was 8.6 mm. The endometrial pathology included normal atrophic endometrium, endometrial polyp, submucous myoma, intrauterine adhesion, uterine septum, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. The most common pathological type was endometrial polyp, accounting for 66.9% of the all patients and 83.9% (172/205) of all pathological types. Three cases of adenocarcinoma (1.2%) were diagnosed. There was significant difference in endometrial thickness among normal endometrium, endometrial polyp and endometrial cancer (P<0.05). The endometrium in endometrial cancer was the thickest, which was (13.20±5.38) mm averagely. There was significant difference in ages among the pathological types (P=0.004). Conclusion · There are few patients of malignancy among asymptomatic postmenopausal women with thickened endometrium. Follow-up visits were recommended to these women.

Objective To investigate the changes in cells on cell cycle,cell apoptosis and susceptibility to chemotherapeutic drugs of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells under two dimensional (2D system) and three dimensional (3D system) culture conditions. Methods The three dimensional culture of A549 cells was carried out using rotatable culture bottle and desk-top water bath shake. Flow cytometer,in situ cell apoptosis detection kit,MTT and blood cell counter were employed to compare cell cycle,cell apoptosis and susceptibility to ADM of A549 cells under different culture conditions. Results The three dimensional culture system was confirmed to have been successful by the aid of observation under inverted and electron microscope. There were significant retardation of G_ 1 phase,lower cell apoptosis rate and decreased susceptibility to ADM in A549 cells in 3D system compared with those in 2D system. Conclusions There were remarkable differences in biological characteristics of A549 cells in two culture systems,indicating that A549 cells cultivated in 3D system simulated better solid tumor in vivo . The 3D system was very useful for further investigation of the behavior of solid tumor,so that anti-carcinoma chemotherapeutic drugs could be advantageously tested in vitro before clinical application.

ObjectiveTo investigate the high risk factors,etiology,diagnosis,treatment and precaution of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pregnancy and puerperium. MethodsData of 16 cases of VTE admitted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1992 to April 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.The differences of blood routine test and coagulation function between VTE patients (study group) and normal pregnant women (control group) were compared by paired t test in this case-control study.Results All patients were diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasound or CT pulmonary artery angiography.Five cases (31.2 ％) occurred before delivery and 11 (68.8 ％) occurred during postpartum.Two cases (12.5 ％)complicated by pulmonary thromboembolism,and one of them died.Six cases (37.5％) were older than or equal to 35 years old,and 12 cases (75.0％) had gestational complications.The hematocrit in study group were lower than that in control group (0.29±0.06 vs 0.39±0.02,t=4.56,P=0.01).There was no statistical difference between the coagulation function of the two groups.After anticoagulant therapy or surgery,15 cases recovered.One pulmonary thromboembolism patients complicated with rheumatic cardiac disease remained shock after anti-coagulants was administered,then died of hemorrhage of respiratory tract after inferior vena cava filter placement. Conclusions VTE is likcly to happen in puerperium than in pregnancy.There are no good screening indicators for thromboembolism during pregnancy and puerperium.Anticoagulation is recommended to be the first line therapy.For women with high risk of thromboembolism,it is suggested to prevent actively and treat early to decrease the complications and long-term sequelea.

Accidents, Occupational ; prevention & control ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Risk Assessment ; methods ; organization & administration

Objective To find an effective method for the treatment of mitomycin C extravasation injuries. Methods The rabbit model of mitomycin C extravasation was made and managed by different methods. The therapeutic efficacy in each group was assessed by using regression index and regression time. Results The therapeutic efficacy in ice compress group and ice compress plus amifostine group was better than that in other groups and the regression time was the shortest. There was no inflammation and necrosis in skin in ice compress group. Conclusion Ice compress, which can prevent inflammation and necrosis in skin, is one of the most effective treatment methods for mitomycin C extravasation injuries.

Objective To study the mechanism of multicellular drug resistance of pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell line A549 mediated by cell-cell adhesion. Methods We compared the sensitivity of monolayer cells (MCs) to adriamycin (ADM) with that of multicellular spheroids (MCSs) which was employed as a three dimensional cell culture model. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to observe the cellular ultrastructure. Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bax expression levels were detected by flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescent staining. Results Compared with MCs, MCSs had more than two layers of cells, more extensive and compact cell adhesion, and inlay junctions were found within them. MCSs were more resistant to ADM. At the same time, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expressions in MCSs were much higher. After treatment with ADM, expressions Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL increased markedly in MCSs. Conclusion MCSs could simulate the solid tumors in vivo and has multicellular drug resistance mediated by cell-cell adhesion. The possible mechanisms may be associated with the upregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL.

Species identification of biological samples is widely used in such fields as forensic science and food industry. A variety of accurate and reliable methods have been developed in recent years. The cur-rent reviewshows common target genes and screening criteria suitable for species identification, and de-scribed various DNA-based molecular biology methods about species identification. Additionally, it dis-cusses the future development of species identification combined with real-time PCR and sequencing technologies.

Objective To investigate the relationship between abnormalities of maternal serum markers in Down syndrome screening in second trimester and adverse pregnancy outcome.Methods Totally,1935 pregnant women were screened for Down syndrome with maternal serum tri marker with time-resolved fluorescence assay,including alpha fetoprotein (AFP),free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and unconjugated estriol (uE3),between 15 and 20+6 gestational weeks at Peking Union Hospital from January 1,2009 to January 31,2011,and were followed up till delivery.The relationship between incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and women with normal or abnormal levels of serum markers in Down syndrome screening was investigated.T-test or Chi-square test were applied for statistical comparison.Results (1) Among the 1935 pregnant women,normal levels of serum markers were found in 1255(normal group) and 680 were abnormal(abnormal group),in which 577 with only one abnormal serum marker,89 with two and 14 with three abnormal serum markers.According to the serum marker level,the 577 women with one abnormal serum marker were further divided into five groups,including high AFP group (n=17),low AFP group (n=114),high β-hCG group (n=242),low β-hCG group (n=139) and low uE3 group (n=65).The birth weight of infants in lower AFP group and the gestational age at delivery in low β-hCG group were greater than those in normal group [(61.3±9.1) kg vs (59.5±8.3) kg,(272.6±11.8) d vs (274.4±10.1) d,t=2.21 and 1.99,both P＜0.01].(2) The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome in normal group was 42.8％(537/1255),while comparing with the abnormal group(43.7％,297/680),no statistical significance was shown (RR =1.02,P =0.71).While comparing with the normal group,the incidences of placenta previa [25.5％ (32/1255) vs 2/17,RR=4.61,P＜0.05] and abnormal placental morphology were higher in high AFP group [4.1％ (51/1255) vs 5/17,RR=7.24,P＜ 0.05],the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was higher in low AFP group [8.1％ (101/1255) vs 14.4％(16/114),RR=1.74,P＜0.05],the incidence of placenta and membrane retention was higher in high β-hCG group [3.5％ (44/1255) vs 6.2％(15/242),RR=1.77,P＜0.05],the incidence of pre-eclampsia was higher in low β-hCG group [1.7％ (21/1255) vs 6.5％ (9/ 139),RR=3.87,P＜0.05].(3) There were 89 women with two abnormal serum markers.Comparing with the normal group,the incidences of small for gestional age (SGA) infants,oligohydramnios,abruptio placenta were higher in women with low AFP but high β-hCG [SGA infants:6.9％(2/29) vs 1.8％(22/1255),RR=3.94; oligohydramnios:20.7％(6/29) vs 6.4％(80/ 1255),RR=3.24; both P＜0.05],the incidences of oligohydramnios was higher in women with both low AFP and low uE3[3/14 vs 6.4％(80/1255),RR=3.36,P＜0.05],the incidence of premature birth and GDM were higher in women with both low β-hCG and low uE3 [premature birth:2/6 vs 4.3％(54/1255),RR=7.75; GDM:3/6 vs 8.0％ (101/1255),RR=6.21; both P＜0.05].(4) There were 14 women with three abnormal serum markers.The relationship between adverse outcome and abnormal serum markers did not show any statistical significance.Conclusions The abnormality of serum markers of Down syndrome screening is closely related to adverse pregnancy outcomes,and women with abnormal serum markers should be carefully monitored during pregnancy.