AIMTo establish an HPLC-ELSD method for the quantification of pedunculoside, ziyuglycoside I and rutundic acid, in the leaves of Ilex purpurea Hassk.

METHODSBy optimizing the chromatographic conditions of HPLC and the parameters of ELSD to study the methodology. Column: Allsphere ODS-2 (250 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microns), mobile phase: methanol-water (59:41), flow rate: 1.0 mL.min-1, drift tube temperature: 59 degrees C, gas flow rate: 2.38 L.min-1.

RESULTSThe calibration curves were linear in the range of 2.56-25.60 micrograms for pedunculoside, 1.64-16.40 micrograms for ziyuglycoside I and 3.74-37.40 micrograms for rutundic acid. The average recovery of pedunculoside was 96.3%, RSD 1.59% (n = 5), ziyuglycoside I 97.3%, RSD 3.82% (n = 5), rutundic acid 97.7%, RSD 2.11% (n = 5). All of RSDs of the precision were less than 4% (n = 6), and the reproduciblities less than 5% (n = 6).

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, accurate, effective and feasible. It can be used for the determination of the contents of pedunculoside, ziyuglycoside I and rutundic acid in leaf of Ilex purpurea Hassk.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Glucose ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Ilex ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Saponins ; analysis ; Triterpenes ; analysis

Objective: To compare tea polysaccharides(TPS) characteristics and their role in scavenging free radicals and reducing blood glucose(BG) in diabetic mice(DM). Methods: TPS was extracted from green,Oolong and black tea which were made from the same fresh leaves from Hubei,Fujian and Yunnan. Then the recovery rate of TPS, contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein were analysed, and scavenging rate of -2Oand 稯H in vitro and hypoglycemic effect were also determined. Results: 1. The yield and contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein of green tea TPS were the highest, and those of black tea TPS were the lowest. Oolong tea TPS acted the best in scavenging-2O and 稯H . 2. The hypoglycemic effect of TPS from Hubei tea was the best . The effect of TPS extracted from semi-fermented Oolong tea and fermented black tea was better than that of non-fermented green tea. 3. There were obvious differences in yield, free radical scavenging rate and effect of reducing BG among TPS extracted from tea in different regions. TPS extracted from Fujian tea had the best effect in reducing BG,but that from Yunnan tea had not. Conclusion: There was remarkable effect of region and process on physico-chemical characteristics,effect of scavenging radical and reducing blood sugar TSP.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the efficacy and safety of bicyclol combined with thymosin in treatment of chronic viral hepatitis B (CHB).

METHODSA total of 135 patients with CHB were randomized into experimental group and control group. The patients in the experimental group received bicyclol orally 75 mg daily and thymosin 20 mg intramuscular injection once every 2 days for 24 weeks and those in control group received bicyclol orally 75 mg daily alone for 24 weeks. The levels of serum aminotransferase (ALT/AST), HBV-DNA, HBeAg /antiHBe were observed.

RESULTSCompared with pre-treatment levels, the serum aminotransferase levels decreased significantly in both groups, but there were no statistically significant differences between them. HBeAg negative conversion rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (35.3 percent vs.19.4 percent, P less than 0.05). HBV DNA negative conversion rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (36.7 percent vs. 20.9 percent, P less than 0.05). No obvious adverse events which were probably related to the drugs were observed in this study.

CONCLUSIONThe combination of bicyclol with thymosin had better effect in treatment of chronic hepatitis B ias compared with bicyvlol alone.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Biphenyl Compounds ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thymosin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects

AIMTo study the molecular chain morphology and chain parameters of konjac glucomannan (KGM).

METHODSSolution behavior was studied by using light scattering(LS), gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) and method of viscosity. The molecular morphology was observed directly by atom force microscope (AFM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).

RESULTSThe average molecular weight (Mw), root-mean-square ratio of gyration(1/2), second Viral coefficients (A2) and multi-disperse coefficients (Mw/Mn) are 1.04 x 10(6), 105.0 +/- 0.9 nm, (-1.59 +/- 0.28) x 10(-3) mol.mL.g-2 and (1.020 +/- 0.003) respectively; Mark-Houwink equation was established as [eta] = 5.96 x 10(-2) Mw0.73, the molecular chain parameters were as follows: ML = 982.82 nm-1, q = 27.93 nm, d = 0.74 nm, h = 0.26 nm, L = 1,054.11 nm.

CONCLUSIONBoth the result showed by direct observation and the deduction drawn by solution behavior confirmed that the KGM molecular is stentering semi-flexible linear chain without branch.

Amorphophallus ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Gel ; methods ; Light ; Mannans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Molecular Weight ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Scattering, Radiation ; Viscosity

Objective To measure the concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in neuron-like cells resulted from rat bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) differentiation induced by salvia miltiorrhiza injection and provide some theoretical basis for the BMSCs transplantation. Methods The rat BMSCs were separated from rat bone marrow and cultured in vitro. After induced by basic fibroblast growth factor and 10mL/L salvia miltiorrhiza injection, the cells were identified with immunofluorescence staining against NeuN. The same procedure was performed on primarily cultured hippocampal neurons. Then, the [Ca2+]i of the differentiated neuron-like cells was determined and compared with primarily cultured hippocampal neurons. Results The BMSCs after induced by basic fibroblast growth factor and salvia miltiorrhiza injection expressed neuronal phenotypes similar to the cell appearance of neurons with NeuN. The average fluorescence intensity of the neuron-like cells derived from BMSCs was 984.75±79.51, while the average fluorescence intensity of the primarily cultured hippocampal neurons was 769.42±60.93. No significant difference was found between them (P>0.05). Conclusion The neuron-like cells from rat BMSCs differentiation induced by salvia miltiorrhiza injection possess certain neuronal properties.

Objective To investigate the clinical application value of Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) battery in Chinese patients with post-stroke aphasia.
Methods Cognitive functions of 59 Chinese patients with aphasia following a stroke were assessed with the Chinese version of the second edition of LOTCA battery and their linguistic functions were tested with the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) Scale, respectively. The results of LOTCA were analyzed and compared across different groups, in the light of gender, age, educational background, the length of illness, and the degree of aphasia.
Results Neither the score of subtests of the LOTCA nor the overall scores of LOTCA of aphasia patients with different gender and educational background differed (all P>0.05). In different age groups, apart from thinking operation (F=3.373, P=0.016), visuomotor organization (F=3.124, P=0.022), attention (F=3.729, P=0.009) and the total score (F=2.683, P=0.041), there was no difference in terms of the other subtest scores of LOTCA (all P>0.05). In the groups of different length of time with illness, apart from orientation (F=2.982, P=0.039) and attention (F=3.485, P=0.022), the score of other subtests and the total score of LOTCA were not different (all P>0.05). In the groups of different degree of aphasia, apart from attention (F=2.061, P=0.074), both the score of other subtests and the total score of LOTCA differed (all P<0.05).
Conclusion LOTCA might be suitable to assessing the cognitive ability of post-stroke Chinese patients with aphasia.

This study explored the antibiotic resistance and resistance gene carriage of 140 Salmonella strains isolated from environmental sewage in Guangzhou city between March 1,2022,and November 30,2022.The micro broth dilution method was used to select 17 antibiotics for susceptibility testing.According to whole genome sequencing results,the CARD resistance database was used to obtain corresponding resistance genes.High antimicrobial resistance rates above 80％were observed a-gainst ampicillin,tetracycline,streptomycin,chloramphenicol,and cotrimoxazole.The intermediation rate of polymyxin E and ciprofloxacin exceeded 60％.The multiple drug resistance status was severe,and the rate of multiple drug resistance was as high as 92.86％.The strains carried multiple types of resistance genes,particularly for aminoglycosides,with a carriage rate as high as 92.68％.The resistance of Salmonella in environmental wastewater in Guangzhou to one or more drugs was severe,and the overall multi-drug resistance rate gradually increased over time.The resistance spectrum was diverse,and the resistance mechanism,mediated by mobile genetic elements such as re-sistance genes,was found to be the main cause of resistance to one or more drugs.

OBJECTIVEThe study was to describe the breastfeeding status of children under the age of three in counties of western China and to provide evidence to the government for decision-making on intervention.

METHODSA cross-sectional study with probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) sampling method was used. The information on breastfeeding was obtained through memory of the mothers. Fourteen thousand and seventy-seven children were studied. Data on breastfed status in counties of western China was compared with those of the children from the survey of the counties of western China in 2001.

RESULTSThe breastfeeding rate of children under 3 years old in western China was 96.5%. However, the overall breastfed rate of children under 6 months were only 33.4%, with rates of 11.4% and 22.0% on exclusively and predominantly breastfed groups respectively. Timely first-suckling rate was 43.5% with the continued breastfeeding rate (1 year) as 64.9%, but the continued breastfeeding rate (2 year) was only 9.7%. Reasons causing mothers to wean would include according to her own intention and to be able to attend the physical labor while exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months was for the growth and development of children, which might reduce the two-week prevalence of diarrhea. Major risks of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months were seen as: level of education of the mothers, economic depression of the counties and mother's nationality (if as minority).

CONCLUSIONMost of the children were ever or being breastfed at the time of interview with timely first-suckling took place earlier than in 2001. However continued breastfeeding did not last long. During these five years, the exclusive breastfeeding rate had been at low level, especially at the economic depression and the minority area.

Breast Feeding ; epidemiology ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Weaning

OBJECTIVEInjecting the EPC into the corresponding skin flap to study EPC biological characteristics and its effect on neovascularization in ischemia skin flap.

METHODSCD133 + cells were enriched from human umbilical cord blood by immunomagnetic sorting, and cultured with EGM - 2MV media. After labeled with PKH26 (fluorescent cell linker), the EPC were injected into the over-length flap models made on athymic mice. Observing the EPCs trace and their participating in the flap vascularization using a fluorescent microscope. The potential of EPC neovascularization in ischemic tissue of skin flap was evaluated through measuring the necrotic area and vessel diameter and quantity in the skin flap.

RESULTSThe skin flap necrosis area of EPC group is significantly smaller than that of control (P < 0.05), the dermal and hypodermal blood perfusion of EPC group is significantly more than that of control (P < 0.05). Immunohistological and label fluorescent analyses showed vWF antigen-positive cells and labeled cells constructing blood vessels of flap.

CONCLUSIONSOur data support the EPC may contribute to angiogenesis, speed up ischemic tissue vascularization.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical application value of Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment battery in Chinese patients with post-stroke aphasia.

METHODSCognitive functions of 59 Chinese patients with aphasia following a stroke were assessed with the Chinese version of the second edition of LOTCA battery and their linguistic functions were tested with the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) Scale, respectively. The Results of LOTCA were analyzed and compared across different groups, in the light of gender, age, educational background, the length of illness, and the degree of aphasia.

RESULTSNeither the score of subtests of the LOTCA nor the overall scores of LOTCA of aphasia patients with different gender and educational background differed (all P>0.05). In different age groups, apart from thinking operation (F=3.373, P=0.016), visuomotor organization (F=3.124, P=0.022), attention (F=3.729, P=0.009) and the total score (F=2.683, P=0.041), there was no difference in terms of the other subtest scores of LOTCA (all P>0.05). In the groups of different length of time with illness, apart from orientation (F=2.982, P=0.039) and attention (F=3.485, P=0.022), the score of other subtests and the total score of LOTCA were not different (all P>0.05). In the groups of different degree of aphasia, apart from attention (F=2.061, P=0.074), both the score of other subtests and the total score of LOTCA differed (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONLOTCA might be suitable to assessing the cognitive ability of post-stroke Chinese patients with aphasia.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aphasia ; etiology ; physiopathology ; psychology ; therapy ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke ; complications ; physiopathology ; psychology ; therapy