Background and Objective: Stroke is a major health issue in semi-industrialized countries. We studied the stroke profi le and risk factors of two semi-industrialized countries - Afghanistan and Nepal that were “least talked about” in the literature. Methods: We searched the database PUBMED, BVNA (http://www-ient.unilim.fr/), SCOPUS, www.ajol.info, WHO InfoBase, using the keywords “Afghanistan”, “cardiovascular”, “cerebrovascular”, “diabetes, “epidemiology”, “hyperlipidemia”, “hypertension”, “incidence”, “Nepal”, “population-based”, “prevalence”, “smoking”, and “stroke”. Results and Conclusions: Based on population and hospital studies, stroke is common with low mean age especially in women, signifi cantly high prevalence of hemorrhagic strokes and possibly more severe. Age-adjusted death rate is higher in Afghanistan than Nepal. Observations from stroke and stroke-free subjects show that smoking is more important risk factor than hypertension in both countries. Hypercholesterolemia, overweight and alcoholism show relatively minor, but important correlation with stroke. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing problem in Nepal especially in urban than semi-urban and Everest regions. There is no information on Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Afghanistan. A low rate of BMI ≥25 kg/m² in Afghanistan is observed. For Nepal, with increase of age and life expectancy, predisposition to cardiovascular disease should be high. Age is not an immediate risk for Afghanistan since those 65+ and 80+ years are projected to remain stable or elevate slightly over the next 30 years.