Objective　To study the mRNA expression of MCT1 and MCT2 genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and paracarcinoma liver tissue (PCLT). Methods　The semi-quantitative analysis of MCT1 and MCT2 genes mRNA expression in human HCC and PCLT was conducted by RT-PCR method and electrophoresis band opacity density (OD) comparison analysis method in 25 patients with HCC. Results　The mRNA expression of MCT1 was significantly higher than MCT2 in HCC and PCLT, in HCC the mRNA expression of MCT1 and MCT2 genes were significant higher than that in PCLT. Conclusions　The high expression of mRNA of MCT1 and MCT2 genes in HCC indicates that these genes may take a significant role on lactate and other monocarboxylate transmembrane transportation and on pH regulation in tumor cells.

Objective To study the mRNA expression of MCT1 and MCT2 genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and paracarcinoma liver tissue (PCLT). Methods The semi-quantitative analysis of MCT1 and MCT2 genes mRNA expression in human HCC and PCLT was conducted by RT-PCR method and electrophoresis band opacity density (OD) comparison analysis method in 25 patients with HCC. Results The mRNA expression of MCT1 was significantly higher than MCT2 in HCC and PCLT, in HCC the mRNA expression of MCT1 and MCT2 genes were significant higher than that in PCLT. Conclusions The high expression of mRNA of MCT1 and MCT2 genes in HCC indicates that these genes may take a significant role on lactate and other monocarboxylate transmembrane transportation and on pH regulation in tumor cells.

Objective To probe into the kinetics of gallstone formation.Methods Fifty seven rabbits were divided into five groups: (1) normal control with standard fodder, (2)1 2% cholesterol was added into the fodder,(3)1 2% cholesterol plus indomethacin in the fodder,(4)1 2% cholesterol plus erythromycin,(5) 1 2% cholesterol plus Dong Li San, a Chinese herb compound. All animals were feed four weeks before measurement.Results Gallstone developed in 0 out of 13 in group 1, in 12 out of 14 rabbits in group 2, in 4 out of 10 rabbits in group 3, in 0 out of 10 in group 4, and in 2 out of 10 in group 5. Compared with that in group 1 rabbits in group 2 had higher level of cholesterol and mucin in bile,much higher common bile duct pressure and cystic duct resistance,much lower gallbladder emptying rate ( P

In order to elucidate the mechanism of liver damage due to acute biliary sepsis,the changes of hepatocyte mitochondria were observed during biliary sepsis in the rat.The accompanied liver function changes were also studied.Mitochondrial calcium content,and lysosome fragility of the hepatocytes,lipid peroxide (LPO) level of liver tissue,ornithine carbamoytransferase (OCT),mitochondrial glulamicoxloacetic transaminase (m-GOT),and hepa-toplastin were determined.It was found that there were overloading of calcium in mitochondria,increase of lysosome fragility,and accumulation of LPO in the liver.These events would result in adverse effects on mitochondrial function.The activity of serum OCT and m-GOT was significantly increased,which suggests that mitochondria are seriously damaged since the 2 enzymes mainly come from hepatocyte mitochondria.And the liver reserving function declined progressively.Our study indicates that mitochondrial damage does exist during acute biliary sepsis,which might play an important role in liver damage.

A retrospective clinical study of 121 cases and a prospective one of 21 cases of acute cholargitis of severe type(ACST)were carried out in order to probe the optimal time of emergency operation for those patients with ACST.The results indicated that the principle of clinical management for ACST is a combination of emergency operation and energetic active conservation therapy.Conservative treatment is practically qualified for the majority of ACST,especially,those cases with short history and a few complication.The survival prediction mathematical model reported previously is helpful to select the optimal time for an emergency operation.The regression value 0.40 of the model can be a reference of the predictive critical point for an operation.The mathematical model possesses more advantage than the traditional method.

The pathological changes of the damages on many vital organs during acute obstructive cholangitis were observed in 45 rats under optical and electron microscopy.The morphological changes of the vital organs were characterized by disturbance of blood circulation,degeneration and/or necrosis of the tissues and cells,and inflammatory reactions.The hepatic damage appeared earlier and more severe thna the other organs during acute obstructive cholangitis.

:Mitochondrial respiratory rate,respiratory control rate(RCR),oxidative phospho-rylation efficiency(ADP/O),and hepatic ATP content were determined in rats under 5 conditions including acute obstructive cholangitis(AOC),bile duct ligation(BDL),verapamil pretreatment in AOC(VET),dexamethasone pretreatment in AOC(DET).and sham operation(SO).It was found that rnitochondrial respiratory rate especially its state 4 phase was significantly increased and RCR,ADP/O,and ATP were significantly decreased at 6th hour after AOC and at 24th after BDL.These changes occurred earlier and more dramatically in AOC than in BDL.Pretreatment with verapamil or dexamethasone in AOC could minimize the changes of RCR,ADP/O and ATP in varying intervals.The findings indicate that AOC and BDL can both result in severe functional impairment of the mitochondria of hepatocytes and verapamil and dexamethasone exert effective protection on the rnitochondrial functions of respiration and energy metablism.

The changes of acid phosphatase(ACP)and cytochrome oxidase(CO)in the hepatic acini were investigated with image analysis in 90 Wistar rats after acute obstructive cholangitis was inflicted.It was found that the activity of ACP was significantly increased in the 2nd hour after surgery and markedly decreased in the 12th hour and these changes were predominantly located in acinur zone 1 of the hepatocytes.The activity of CO was decreased progressively after surgery,and these changes were quite marked in the acinur zone 3 of the hepatocytes.These findings indicate that the reactions towards acute obstructive cholangitis are different in the different acinur zones of the hepatocytes.

The relationship between the behavior of the mononuclear phagocyte system(MPS)and acute pulmonary injury during acute obstructive cholangitis(AOC)was investigated in 90 Wistar rats.After the operation to induce actue obstructive cholangitis,the animals were killed in the Oth,6th,12th,24th and 48th hour,and the phagocytic function of Kupffer's cells,the number of alveolar macrophages in the lung lavage fluid,and the extravascular water content of the lungs were measured.And the pulmonary levels of lipid peroxidase and supperoxide dismutase were determined as well.It was found that when the phagocytic function of Kupffer's cells was suppressed,the alveolar macrophages were activated by the invading bacteria to release some inflammatory mediators such as free radicals resulting in acute pulmonary injury.It seems that there is a close relationship between the fuctional status of mononuclear phagocyte system and the development of pulmonary injury,and the functional failure of mononuclear phagocyte system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure especially of acute pulmonary injury.

Objective To explore the effect of fatty liver on graft survival, especially with reference to macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis and to evaluate the relationship between histological grading and inflammation activity. Methods Different degrees of rat fatty liver model were established by feeding rats a diet consisting of 79% standard diet, 20% lard and 1% cholesterol. By modified two cuff vascular anastomoses and end to end suture for bile duct, rat orthotopic liver transplantation was performed to evaluate the relationship between donor histological grading and survival rate. Results Low survival rate of macrosteatosis (grade Ⅲ) was found. Most rats died of liver failure in early days after transplantation. Pathological findings showed frequent hepatic necrosis. There was no significant difference between macrosteatosia(gradeⅠ) and the normal group. After transplantation, almost all of the fat was cleared by the end of the fourth week. Diminished steatosis and liver regeneration were found in macrosteatosis (gradeⅡ), while microsteatotic donors had higher survival rate than the other groups except the normal group. Conclusion Macrovesicular steatosis(grade Ⅲ) affects graft survival and these steatotic livers should not be used as donors. However, steatotic livers with mild macrovesicular steatosis (grade Ⅰ) and microvesicular steatosis(grade Ⅲ) do not influence recipient survival, so these livers can be used safely for liver transplantation. The ischemic damage should be considered when using livers of macrovesicular steatosis(gradeⅡ). Donors with numbering score more than 2.7 are correlated with the poor survival.