As a result of the increasing use of radiologic contrast medium in patients, especially the elderly in severe or clinical condition with attendant comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, renal failure, cardiac failure, and volume depletion. Contrast induced nephropathy(CIN)is now the third most common cause of hospital-aquired renal failure and accounts for approximately 11% of the cases. This article mainly introduces the evaluation of laboratory investigations providing insights into the pathophysiology of this disorder and the examination of the important clinical data of CIN including risk factors and diagnosis. The last section deals with renal protection and preventive strategies.

Objective Analyze the incidence of contrast induce nephropathy (CIN) and related risk factors after coro- nary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in 216 patients.Methods From November 2005 to January 2006,216 patients undergoing CAG or PCI were enrolled consecutively,clinical and laboratory data were documented and analyzed.Results of the 216 patients,CIN happened in 32 patients,the incidence is 14.7%, in those who underwent emergency PCI,CIN happened in 9 over 41 patients (22.0%),among emergeny coronary ar- tery bypass grafting (CABG) after CAG,CIN happened in 8 of 20 patients,incidence is 40%;among 155 selective operations,CIN happened in 15 patients,9.7%.In those over 70 years old,incidence of CIN is 26.8%,in those