Objective　To observe the characteristics and statistics in the bi-variable distribution of thyroid volume (ml) and urine iodine level (μg/L) of children aged 8,9,10 years in China,1999.Methods　Classing analysis.Results　①Data of 12982 cases collected from all country are analyzed with cluster method and three clusters are delimitated as follows;②in first cluster,according to the calculation of median,the volume of thyroid gland is small (2.2ml) and the level of urinary iodine is high (369.1μg/L);③in second cluster,the volume of thyroid gland is middle size (3.4ml) but the level of urinary iodine is significantly lower (88.0μg/L) than that in the first cluster;④in third cluster,the thyroid volume is highest (4.1ml) and the level of urine iodine is high (363.4μg/L),too;⑤the meanings of the classifying results are discussed in detail.Conclusions　The results of the cluster analysis reported here and the typical analyses of the previous papers suggested that no low iodine problems be found out but the correlation between the increasing of thyroid volume and the higher level of urine iodine be observed by us in the studies.

Objective　To discover and discuss the charac ter and statistics of frequency distribution of thyroid volume (TV) in Chinese c hildren aged 8,9,10 years for setting up an effective strategy to control the endemic goiter in China.Methods　The TV is measured by B-ultrasonography.The da ta of a great sample collected from all country are treated with computer centra lly in Chinese Research Center for Endemic Disease Control.Results　①In 1999,the statistics of TV(ml) of children aged 8,9,10 years in China are 3.6 of mean,3.4 of median,3.0 of mode,5.9 of 95% point and 7.9 of 99% point.②The values of 95% point in frequency distribution of TV in 8,9,10 years of boy in order are 4.8,5.6 and 6.3,and in girl they are 5. 2,5.8 and 6.5.③The disparity in medians of TV of children is very significant between the studied provinces;the lowest is Shanghai,the mediums are Anhui and Sh anxi,and the higher ones are Chongqing,Guizhou and Xinjiang,and the medians of the TV in these three categories are 1.2,3.7 and 4.0 in order.④Differential effe cts of palpation method in detection of TV are discussed carefully in this paper .Conclusions　The cause inducing to the significant diffe rences of children TV in several regions in China is not known yet,but it is not the nutritional problem of iodine certainly.

Objective To investigate the curative effects of curcumin(CUR)or dexamethasone (DXM)on ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)of rat lung grafts.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided 4 groups:CUR group(CUR was administered intraperitoneally to both donors and recipients at 3 h prior to operation);DXM group(DXM was administered intraperitoneally at 30 min prior to operation);vehicle group(Animals were injected with the DMSO to both donors and recipients at 3 h prior to operation);sham group(Time-matched control animals underwent the same surgery,except that no graft was implanted).Six animals were sacrificed at different reperfusion periods of 2 h and 24 h,respectively.Oxygenation indexes(PO_2/FiO_2),lung injury scores,wet/dry ratio(W/D)and myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity in the transplanted lung were measured.Malondialdehyde(MDA), total anti-oxidative capacity(TAOC),tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-?and interleukin(IL)-6 in the transplanted lung and serum were determined.Results The levels of LPV PO_2/FiO_2 were significant- ly higher in the CUR and DXM groups than in the vehicle groups both 2 and 24 h after reperfusion,re- spectively(P

Objective:To analyze 916 cases of endoscopically diagnozed reflux esophagitis(RE) and to explore the endoscopic and clinicopathologic characteristics of RE.Methods:Totally 916 RE patients from Lixiahe district in Jiangsu province(1997 2002) were graded with criterion made in Chinese Yantai in 1999.Some cases were subjected to pathology,age,sex,symptoms,endoscopic manifestations and pathology variety examination.Results:The incidence of RE was for 7.4% in endoscopic checked patients(916/12 376).The male to female ratio was 2.2∶1,mean age was (54.42?15.05),patients above 60 years old accounted for 46.5%.Only 32.6% of RE patients had typical reflux symptoms(426/916,299/916).Endoscopic diagnosis focused on Chinese Yantai standardⅠ Ⅱ (85.3%,781/916),pathology diagnosis focused on light to moderate degree,secondary RE was common in severe degree.Some patients were accompanied by bile reflux,esophagus gap hernia and peptic ulcer.Conclusion:The incidence of RE in Lixiahe district in Jiangsu province is rather high,it is common in middle aged and senior male patients(Ⅰ Ⅱ).Pathology variety is chiefly scalelike epithelial proliferation filled with chronic inflammatory cells.It was partly accompanied by atypical proliferation,erosion and ulcer,appearance of early cancer was occasionally found.The sensitivity of clinic symptoms diagnosis is lower than endoscopic diagnosis which is simple and of great value.

Aim: To improve the synthesis for 2, 5-anhydro-3,4, 6-tri-O-benzyl-D-glucitol. Methods: Dehydration of D-mannitol, followed by a reaction sequence of selective protection, benzylation, deprotection, tritylation, benzy-lation and removal of the trityl group, afforded the title compound. Results: Based on the improvement of the reported synthetic route, 2,5-anhydro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-D-glucitol was synthesized in seven steps from D-mannitol with a total yield of 8. 3% . Conclusion: This new method features mild reaction conditions and facile work-up.

Objective To investigate the methods for preventing bladder cancer recurrence after surgical treatment for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.Methods Of the 156 patients who underwent total nephroureterectomy for clinically localized transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary trace,139 were followed up and their data were retrospectively analyzed.Of the 139 cases,78 had pyelic carcinoma and 61 had ureteral carcinoma.The tumor cell grading showed G_1 in 19 cases,G_2 in 88 and G_3 in 32.The tumor staging showed T_a-T_1 in 38 cases,T_2 in 80 and T_3-T_4 in 21.The tumor diameter ranged from 0.8 to 6.0 cm.Results Radical nephroureterectomy and resection of partial bladder wall around the ureteral orifice(1.5-2.0 cm) were performed in all the 139 patients;of whom 55(39.6%) experienced subsequent bladder cancer recurrence during a mean follow-up of 52 months(range,1-10 years).The bladder cancer recurrence rate was 18.5%(5/27) in patients whose ureter had been ligated before the kidney was dissociated;and the recurrence rate was 27.5%(14/51) in patients whose ureter had not been firstly ligated.The recurrence rates in those who had prophylactic intravesical instillation immediately after surgery and in those who had the instillation 3 weeks after surgery were 32.3%(10/31) and 34.9%(30/86),respectively.The recurrence rate was 20.0%(4/20) in those who had intravesical instillation on the surgical day and 3 weeks after surgery sequentially,which was significantly lower than that(39.3%,26/66) in those who had the instillation simply 3 weeks after surgery(P

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharynx ; metabolism ; Receptors, Leptin ; metabolism ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; metabolism

AIMA method of stereotaxic apparatus was employed to damage the nucleus basalis of Meynert, and the effects of Tiao-xinzishen prescriptions on neurotransmitters such as ACh, 5-HT and NE in hippocampus were observed.

METHODSRats were placed on the brain stereotaxic apparatus and received a bilateral lesion of Meynert by IA injection, according to the atlas of Daxinos and Watson. After seven days of lesion, AD rats were selected. Rats were treated with Tiaoxin or/and Zishen prescription for 20 days, respectively. Hippocampus ACh was measured by spectrophotometer and 5-HT and NE by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

RESULTSThe contents of hippocampus ACh, 5-HT and NE of AD rats were significantly increased after the treatment with the three prescriptions, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThese prescriptions had some up regulating effects on hippocampus neurotransmitters in rats, which had already decreased due to dementia.

Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Serotonin ; metabolism

The levels of IgG2b monoclonal antibodies against LD H-C4 in sera of mice bearing hybridoma backpack tumors secreting anti-LDH-C4-IgG2b were detected by quantitative ELISA． The accuracy between batches is 7.04%～l3.30 %, the intra-assay variation is 3.6l%～l0.20%． Standard curveof monoclonal lgG2b was well correlated (r=0.962　　884～0.996　　795)． The sensitivit y of the assay reach e dup to0.0l?mg/L． The present modified ELISA offers a reproducible, se nsitive, specific method in determination of antigen-specific IgG2b antibody in sera．

Objective To investigate the disease situation of adult carotid atherosclerosis in water-related endemic fluorosis areas in Heilongjiang province in 2008 so as to explore the relationship between water-related endemic fluorosis and incidence of carotid atherosclerosis disease. Methods A total of 266 participants over the age of 40 from four villages in Zhaozhou county with water fluoride ≥ 1.0 mg/L in a fluorosis area and 283 residents over the age of 40 from four villages in Tailai county with water fluoride ＜ 1.0 mg/L in a nonfluorosis area were investigated. A portable-type B mode color ultrasound was used to examine the left carotid artery of all participants.The carotid atherosclerosis was diagnosed and graded through the ultrasonograms. Results The prevalence rates of carotid atherosclerosis in the 4 fluorosis villages(Xinfeng, Taipingshan, Baochan and Houzheng villages) were 47.3% (35/74), 63.5%(40/63), 73.3%(33/45) and 60.7%(51/84), respectively, and in the 4 nonfluorosis villages(Hala,Qianxing, Sanjia and Ailin villages) were 32.7% (17/52), 32.9% (24/73), 39.2% (31/79) and 30.4% (24/79),respectively. The prevalence rates of carotid atherosclerosis in every villages standardized by age were 47.3% ,63.5%,73.3% ,60.7% and 34.7% ,36.3% ,43.0% ,41.3%, respectively. Statistic method used was Wilcoxon two sample test and the differences were significant(T = 26, P ＜ 0.05 ). Total carotid atherosclerosis positive rate standardized by age in the 4 fluorosis villages was significantly higher than that in the 4 nonfluorosis villages[57.5%(153/266) ,37.8% (107/283), x2 = 21.36, P ＜ 0.01 ]. After standardized by age, the severity of carotid atherosclerosis was significantly different between fluorosis villages and nonfluorosis villages (x2 = 36.15, P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion The prevalence rate of carotid atherosclerosis in endemic fluorosis area is higher than that in nonfluorosis area.