BACKGROUND: Tendon is a special connective tissue that can transmit the force generated by the muscle to the bone through the enthesis. The occurrence of tendinopathy is closely related to the mechanical characteristics of tendon and enthesis and its micro-structure, but the specific mechanism still remains controversial OBJECTIVE: To summarize the micro-structure of tendon and en thesis, the biomechanical characteristics of tendon, the healing and repair of tendon injuries, and the biomechanical factors related to chronic tendinopathy. METHODS: CNKI, VIP, CBM, WanFang, PubMed and Embase databases were searched. The articles concerning micro-structure of tendon and enthesis, relationship between tendinopathy/enthesis and stress, and biomechanical mechanisms of tendinopathy/enthesis were selected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The biomechanical properties of tendon and enthesis are closely related to their microstructures. The biomechanical properties of tendon are reduced due to the damage of their microstructures in the process of repair. The occurrence and development of chronic tendinopathy are related to the microstructures and biomechanical characteristics of enthesis. Compression load and stress shielding of enthesis may play a key role, but further high-quality studies on the specific mechanism are still required.

BACKGROUND: Tendinopathy is a hotspot in the fields of sports medicine and rehabilitation, but there have been many controversies about the concept, mechanism and pathological stages of tendinopathy for a long. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and summarize the related concepts of tendinopathy, the role of inflammation in the occurrence of tendinopathy and the pathological mechanism of tendinopathy. METHODS: CNKI, VIP, CBM, WanFang, PubMed and Embase databases were searched. From the aspects of tendinopathy, enthesis, inflammation and pathological mechanism, some related research results since 1990 were retrieved and summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results show that the debate on the concept of tendinopathy is based on the understanding of its pathological mechanism, and the understanding of the pathological mechanism of tendinopathy will continue to be improved with the emergence of more high-quality researches. The research on the relationship between tendinopathy and inflammation, the relationship between tendinopathy and load patterns, and the mechanical characteristics of enthesis will be a future focus.

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and whole body vibration training (WBVT) on functional ankle instability (FAI). MethodsFrom May to July, 2021, 17 male FAI undergraduates from Beijing Sport University received PNF (n = 8) and WBVT (n = 9), for six weeks. They were assessed with Y-balance test, Pro-Kin, Kistler and Motion Analysis Raptor before and after invention, to observe Y-balance score, average trajectory error, kinematics and dynamics after jump-landing of affected limb. ResultsThe main effect of training was not significant for all the Y-balance score, average trajectory error, kinematics and dynamics (F < 4.090, P > 0.05). However, the interactive effect of training and time was significant for the range of motion of ankle flexion (F = 6.232, P = 0.030), and the effect size was more for PNF; it was also significant for the time arriving peak ground reaction force (left-right) after landing (F = 10.674, P = 0.008), and the time was latter for WBVT (P < 0.05). ConclusionPNF and WBVT are similarly effective on FAI.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Gene Products, pol ; genetics ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation

Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Humans ; Radius Fractures ; surgery

【Objective】 To provide reference for formulating preoperative blood preparation plan for malignant osteosarcoma scientifically and rationally under the persistent COVID-19 epidemic by studying the high-risk influencing factors related to intraoperative blood transfusion in patients with primary malignant osteosarcoma. 【Methods】 The general data, preoperative blood routine and coagulation parameter, clinicopathological record and surgical data of 120 patients with primary malignant osteosarcoma in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed by univariate analysis, multivariate regression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis to determine the high risk factors for intraoperative blood transfusion in patients with primary malignant osteosarcoma. 【Results】 The incidence of intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion of malignant osteosarcoma patients were 48.33% (58/120) and 62.50% (75/120), with the average blood transfusion units at (1.36±1.14) U and (2.93±2.26) U, respectively. The univariate analysis showed that such factors as sex, preoperative Hct (%), preoperative Plt (×10⁹/L), location of lesion, Huvos classification, incision length (cm), reconstruction length(cm) and intraoperative blood loss (mL) were significantly different (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex, location of lesion, Huvos classification, incision length (cm), reconstruction length(cm) and intraoperative blood loss (mL) were significantly different (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 For primary malignant osteosarcoma with a high rate of intraoperative blood transfusion, early intervention should be carried out according to the high-risk factors of intraoperative blood transfusion, and preoperative blood preparation plan should be accurately formulated to effectively reduce the rate and units of blood transfusion in patients under the premise of surgery safety.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of intestinal absorption of glycyrrhetinic acid in rats in the multicomponent environment. Methods: The effect of multicomponent environment on intestinal absorption of glycyrrhetinic acid was investigated in rat model of in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion, HPLC was used to determine the concentration of glycyrrhetinic acid in intestinal perfusion fluid samples, the effective permeability coefficient (Peff), absorption rate constant (Ka), and absorption fraction (Fa) of glycyrrhetinic acid in rats ileum were calculated, the effects of glycyrrhetinic acid with different mass concentration and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor verapamil, as well as the compatibility of different components on intestinal absorption of glycyrrhetinic acid were examined,. Results: The Peff, Ka, and Fa values of glycyrrhetinic acid perfusion liquid (10 and 20 µg/mL) in the ileum segment had no significant difference. Added with 100 µmol/L verapamil, Peff, and Fa values of 10 µg/mL glycyrrhetinic acid increased, which illustrated that the glycyrrhetinic acid might be the substrate of P-gp; In two components compatibility, the effect of baicalin on absorption of glycyrrhetinic acid was the most obvious, Peff value of glycyrrhetinic acid was from (4.05 ± 0.78) × 10-5 cm/s to (2.18 ± 0.63) × 10-5 cm/s, and the penetration of glycyrrhetinic acid was reduced. The puerarin consociation baicalin and berberine had no obvious effect on permeability of glycyrrhetinic acid. In the three components compatibility condition, the experimental results showed that after glycyrrhetinic acid combined with puerarin and berberine, the permeability coefficient did not change, while the permeability coefficient changed, but not obviously, glycyrrhetinic acid combined with baicalin and berberine had lower permeability, Peff values were from (4.05 ± 0.78) × 10-5 cm/s down to (1.35 ± 0.69) × 10-5 cm/s, and the effects of baicalin on glycyrrhetinic acid was evident. Conclusion: Glycyrrhetinic acid can be absorbed in the ileum of rats, and has no obvious influence on Peff and Ka values within a certain range of quality concentration. The absorption mechanism is determined to be passive diffusion, glycyrrhetinic acid is substrate of P-gp, and saturation phenomenon exists transporters; Baicalin has significant effects on glycyrrhetinic acid absorption, which may be related to the induction by P-pg expression, increasing the glycyrrhetinic acid from cell to the extracellular discharge, reducing the penetration of glycyrrhetinic acid, and influencing the absorption.

The species in Aconitum L. are commonly used in China as well known toxic herbs. Its main components, such as aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine, have significant pharmacological activity, and are also its toxic components. As a result, the therapeutic dose and toxic dose are very close, and the clinical therapeutic window is narrow. Adverse reactions and poisoning incidents occur frequently in clinic, which limits its wide applications. Modern toxicology studies on the plants of Aconitum L. to make the toxicity and its clear mechanism have important significance for more reasonable clinical guidance and safety evaluation. This paper reviews the toxicity of the plants of Aconitum L. and its mechanism and provides a scientific basis for clinical use.

Objective: To analyze the six active ingredients in Rhodiola crenulata from the different origins of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, to establish quantitative analysis methods, and to provide a basis for further use. Methods: Samples were extracted with 30% ethanol; In Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm), gradient elution was carried out with acetonitrile -0.3% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase, detection wavelength 275 nm, and column temperature 25 ℃. Results: A good linear relationships of gallic acid, salidroside, tyrosol, catechin, ethyl gallate, and coumaric acid were at 38.2-382.0 (r = 0.9998), 301.0-3010.0 (r = 0.9999), 19.8 - 198.0 (r = 0.9996), 17.1-171.0 (r = 0.9996), 4.5-45.0 (r = 0.9998), and 6.38-63.80 ng/mL (r = 0.9994), respectively. Conclusion: The method is simple, rapid, accurate, and can be used simultaneously to determine the content of the six active ingredients in R. crenulata from the different origins of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

The core of multicomponent drug metabolism is the mutual influence of the transporters and drug metabolic enzymes interaction of more ingredients, with the simultaneous determination for multiple components as the principle, and with many components changes on the environmental impact as the emphasis. Its theoretical content composes by sequential metabolism, concurrent metabolism, and multiple metabolism. On the principles of multicomponent simultaneous determination, metabolic continuous time records, metabolic continuous space records, and the combination of qualitative and quantitative research, the multicomponent drug metabolism is researched by the experimental methods of in vivo, in situ, and in vitro. In visual mode of the comparative analysis with the quantitative data evaluation, multicomponent drug metabolism can be thought of emerging research direction with solid academic foundation and advanced technical means.