In the situation of global completion, collaborative innovation is becoming increasingly important because its advantage in risk avoiding and innovation efficiency. In order to explore the model of collaborative innovation and its evolution in traditional Chinese medicine of China, the cooperation in traditional Chinese medicine patents of China from 1985 to 2013 has been analyzed by using the method of scientometrics and social network analysis. It is proved that, though the number of grated cooperative patents has increased sharply during the last thirty years, the degree of cooperation innovation in traditional Chinese medicine of China is still not high. Moreover, in spite of the individual subject' s leading role in the past domestic collaborative innovation in traditional Chinese medicine of China, the institutions have been more and more powerful and achieved great improvement. At last, core institutions, represented by universities have played an important role in the collaborative innovation of domestic institutions, because they are key links between many institutions and promote the transferring and diffusion of knowledge.
Biomedical Research ; China ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; psychology ; trends ; Nonprescription Drugs

Adult ; Condylomata Acuminata ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; pathology

Objective To investigate the effects ofviaminate on the proliferation and differentiation of HaCaT cells,a human keratinocyte cell line.Methods Cultured HaCaT cells were treated with various concentrations (2,5,10,15,20,25 and 30?g/mL) of viaminate for various durations.The cell proliferation was assessed by MTT method,the changes of cell cycle and apoptosis rate by flow cytometry,the changes of keratin 10 and involucrin mRNA expressions by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR.Results The proliferation of HaCaT cells was inhibited by the treatment with viaminate of≥2?g/mL for 48 h,and the inhibition rate was raised with the increase of treatment time and dosage.The viaminate of 30?g/mL inhibited the proliferation of HaCaT cells by 57.67% and 82.00% at 48 and 72 h after the incubation respectively,and elevated the mRNA expression of involucrin from 40.80% to 156.12%,decreased the mRNA expression of keratin 10 from 96.46% to 14.60%.The mRNA expression of involucrin increased with the elevation of viarninate dosage.Under the treatment with viaminate for 48 h,the cell population at G_1 phase significantly increased,that at S and G_2 phases decreased;the switching of G_1 to G_2 was inhibited;but the cell apoptosis was not affected.Conclusion Viaminate could inhibit the proliferation and induce the differentiation of keratinocytes.

Medical students' education of medical ethics is now influenced by many unfavorable factors,such as absence of humanities quality,weakening belief in ideality and shock from the market economy.General education may play an important role in strengthening humanities quality and belief in ideality among medical students,and correcting their cognition of the market economy.Therefore,it is necessary to deepen general education on strengthening medical students' education of medical ethics.

Objective To investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) on the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1?(HIF-1?) and its target gene glucose transpoter-1(GLUT-1)in human monocyte lines THP-1. Methods THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 ?g/mL LPS for 0,2,4,6 or 8 h.The expression of HIF-1? protein of THP-1 cells was detected by Western blotting,and RT-PCR was employed to detect the expression of HIF-1? mRNA and GLUT-1 mRNA.THP-1 cells were exposed to different concentrations of LPS(0,0.01,0.1 and 1 ?g/mL) for 6 h,and the expression of HIF-1? protein of THP-1 cells was detected by Western blotting. Results The expression of HIF-1? protein of THP-1 cells began to increase 2 h after being treated with 1?g/mL LPS,significantly increased after exposure for 4 h(P

OBJECTIVETo observe the inhibitory effect of gefitineb on the proliferation and its inducing effect on the apoptosis of mouse I-10 Leydig testicular cancer cells in vitro.

METHODSWe treated I-10 Leydig testicular cancer cells of mice with gefitineb at 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 µmol/L. Then we determined the inhibitory effect of gefitineb on the growth of the cells by MTT, detected their early and late apoptosis by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide double staining and Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining, respectively, and observed the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and caspase 3/9 by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, gefitineb significantly inhibited the proliferation of the I-10 cells at 10 and 20 µmol/L (P < 0.05). The survival rate of the cells was (32.4 ± 2.8)% (P < 0.01) and their early and late apoptosis rates were (26.7 ± 4.2)% and (59.33 ± 10.2)% in the 40 µmol/L group, significantly different from those in the control (P < 0.05 and P <0.01). In comparison with the blank control group, gefitineb at 10, 20, and 40 µmol/L increased the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax by (41.9 ± 7.1), (60.1 ± 9.8), and (69.0 ± 11.3)% (all P < 0.05), decreased that of apoptosis-inhibitory protein Bcl-2 by (50.3 ± 8.9), (63.9 ± 6.9), and (88.7 ± 13.9)% (all P < 0.05), and elevated that of the cleft proteins caspase-3 by (69.0 ± 6.9)% (P < 0.05), (71.5 ± 8.1)% (P < 0.05), and (110.9 ± 14.2)% (P < 0.01) and caspase-9 by (51.8 ± 4.9), (54.7 ± 6.7), and (43.8 ± 11.8)% (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGefitineb can increase the cytotoxicity of I-10 Leydig testicular cancer cells of mice and induce their apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis signaling pathway.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; Leydig Cell Tumor ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Quinazolines ; pharmacology ; Testicular Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective: To clone the geranyl pyrophosphate synthase gene from Swertia mussotii (SmGPPS), analyze the bioinformation of SmGPPS, and perform the gene expression. Methods: According to the SmGPPS gene sequence of transcriptome of S. mussotii, the specific primers were designed, the cDNA complete sequences was obtained by RT-PCR and the sequence was analyzed using bioinformatics. Prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a-SmGPPS was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli BL-21 (DE3) for expression under 37℃ and induced by 1 mmol/L IPTG. The relative expression of gene SmGPPS in the leaf, stem, and flower of S. mussotii was also studied. Results: The results showed that SmGPPS cDNA complete sequences had a length of 1 119 bp encoding 372 amino acid residues. And the protein secondary and tertiary structures were analyzed and forecasted. The SmGPPS protein shared high identity with other GPPS proteins of plants. The SDS-PAGE results showed that the expressed proteins were consistent with the anticipated size. Relative RT-PCR analysis indicated that SmGPPS showed the highest transcript abundance in the leaf. Conclusion: This work will provide a foundation for further functional research of SmGPPS protein and increasing the product of iridoid compound by genetic engineering in S. mussotii.

Objective To discuss the effect of neonatal congenital hypothyroidism (CH)screening in preterm infants.Methods The result of 208 713 cases neonatal congenital hypothyroidism screening in Guangzhou neonatal screening center were analyzed,including 11589 cases preterm infant and 197 124 cases of full term.The difference of screening positive rate and incidence between preterm infants and full term infants group were compared and the efficiency of preterm infants congenital hypothyroidism screening were estimated.Results A total of 208 713 newborns were screened and the screening positive rate was 1.39%.123 cases were confirmed positive for CH and the incidence rate was 1 /1 697.124 cases were screening positive in preterm infants and the screening posi-tive rate was 1.06%.14 cases were confirmed positive for CH and the incidence rate was 1 /828 in preterm infants group.2 771 cases were screening positive in full term infants and the screening positive rate was 1.41%.109 cases were confirmed positive for CH and the incidence rate was 1 /1 809 in full term group.The screening positive rate was lower and the incidence rate of preterm infants group(χ2 =4.89,P <0.05)was higher than that of the full term infants group(χ2 =8.26,P <0.05).Conclusion The incidence rate of congenital hypothyroidism is higher in preterm infants.Neonatal screening is an effective measure for early diagnosis of preterm infants congenital hypothyroidism.

Objective:To compare two methods for the determination of compound cod-liver oil emulsion. Methods:The content of ciprofloxacin in compound cod-liver oil emulsion was determined by HPLC and UV, respectively. The determination by HPLC was performed on a Thermo C18 column (150 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was 0.025 mol·L-1phosphate-acetonitrile (87∶13)andpHwasadjustedto3.0±0.1withtriethylamine. Thedetectionwavelengthwas277nmandtheflowratewas1.5ml·min-1. The detection wavelength of UV was 277 nm. Results:The average recovery of HPLC and UV was 100. 44% and 100. 84% with RSD of 1. 01% and 1. 09% (n=9), respectively. The detection results of the two methods were compared by paired sample t-test, and no statistically significant difference was found (P>0. 05). Conclusion:The two methods are specific and accurate, and can be used for the determination of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in compound cod-liver oil emulsion.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation (MSCT) and mobilization on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with acute renal injury.Methods A total of 240 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group ( n =48 ),model control group ( n =48 ),MSCT group ( n =48),bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells mobilization (MSCM) group ( n =48) and MSCT +MSCM group ( n =48 ) according to the random number table.Rat models of SAP were made by peritoneal injection of L-arginine.Rats in the MSCT group were injected with 1.2 ml of bone marrow mesenchymai stem cells via femoral vein at 6 hours after SAP model establishment; rats in the MSCM group were subcutaneously injected with 40 μg/kg of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) at 3 days before SAP model establishment; rats in the MSCT + MSCM group were injected with 1.2 ml of MSC and 40 μg/kg of G-CSF simultaneously; rats in the sham operation group were injected with equal volume of normal saline.According to different time points after operation,rats in each group were subdivided into 12 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h groups (n =12).At each time points after operation,the mortality rate,pathological changes of renal tissue,expression of Bax protein,Bcl-2 protein and apoptosis indexes of renal tubular epithelium cells were observed.The contents of tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),creatinine (Cr),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined.All data were analyzed by using SNK-q test,Fisher exact probability and analysis of variance.Results All rats in the sham operation group were survived.The numbers of rats in the model control group survived at postoperative 48 hours and 72 hours were 11 and 8,respectively.No rat died at postoperative 48 hours in the MSCT group,MSCM group and MSCT + MSCM group.The numbers of rats survived at postoperative 72 hours in the MSCT group,MSCM group and MSCT + MSCM group were 11,10 and 11,which were not significantly different from the number of survived rats in the model control group (P ＞0.05).The pathological injuries of renal tissues were relieved in the MSCT group,MSCM group and MSCT + MSCM group when compared with model control group.The expression of Bax protein,Bc1-2 protein,renal tubular epithelium cell apoptosis indexes at 12-72 hours were 12.80 + 1.78-20.30 + 2.40,4.34 + 1.20-3.03 ± 1.06,12.65％ ±2.31％-35.10％ ± 5.54％ in the model control group,9.68 ± 2.11-17.01 ± 2.54,5.57 ± 1.35-4.13 + 1.05,6.20％ ± 1.53％- 17.50％ ± 2.80％ in the MSCT group,10.05 ± 2.17-16.81 ± 2.55,5.49 ± 1.48-4.19 ±1.05,6.41％± 1.64％-17.14％±2.27％ in the MSCM group,8.33 ±2.06-14.03 ±2.27,6.60 ±2.11-5.63 ±1.52,5.80％ ± 1.52％-12.30％ ±2.43％ in the MSCT + MSCT group.There were significant differences in the expressions of Bax protein at 24 and 72 hours,Bcl-2 protein at 48 and 72 hours,renal tubular epithelium cell apoptosis index at 24,48 and 72 hours between the MSCT group,MSCM group and MSCT + MSCM group ( P ＜0.05 ),but no significant difference was found between the MSCT group and the MSCM group ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The contents of TNF-α,IL-6,BUN,Cr,LDH,CRP in the MSCT group,MSCM group and MSCT + MSCM group were decreased when compared with those in the model control group,and a significant decrease of the 6 factors was observed in the MSCT + MSCM group.There were significant difference in the content of TNF-α at 72 hours,IL-6,BUN and Cr at 48 and 72 hours,LDH at 24,48 and 72 hours and CRP at 72 hours between the MSCT group,MSCM group and MSCT + MSCM group (P ＜0.05),while no significant difference was observed between the MSCT group and the MSCM group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion MSCT and MSCM can significantly protect acute renal injury in the progress of SAP,the probable mechanisms are pathological regeneration,anti-inflammatory effect and apoptosis inhibition of mesenchymal stem cells.