Overnutrition during the early postnatal life,a critical time window for growth and development,may induce metabolic syndrome later in life,including overweight/obesity and insulin resistance.The important target organs of insulin,such as liver,adipose tissue,skeletal muscle,and central nervous systems show insulin resistance.The involved mechanisms include abnormality of insulin signal pathway,increment of free fatty acid and some adipocytokines,oxidative stress,maladjustment of orexigenic and anorexigenic neuron,modifications of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal glucocorticoid axis as well as epigenetic,etc.Hence,overnutrition should be avoided during the early postnatal life,so as to decrease the risk of developing long-term insulin resistance.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy

Adult ; Condylomata Acuminata ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; pathology

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation by fenoterol, a β2 adrenoceptor agonist in monocyte. Methods Concentrations of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and MCP-1 from cell supernatants from THP-1 cells and wild type or MyD88- / - mice peritoneal macrophages stimulated by LPS in the presence or absence of fenoterol were determined by use of an ELISA system. Expression of MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88) stimulated by LPS in the presence or absence of fenoterol were determined by Western blot. Results Fenoterol inhibited LPS-induced activation of MyD88 and secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-1β). The reaction of MyD88- / - mice peritoneal macrophages to LPS was much lower than that of the wild type mice peritoneal macrophages. Conclusions MyD88 plays an important role in inflammation induced by LPS. The inhibition of LPS-induced expression of MyD88 by fenoterol is associated with its anti-inflammatory effect.

Objective To evaluate the application value of scanning laser angiography with a wide-field contact lens system in the diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. Methods Twenty-four patients with choroidal melanoma were randomly divided into two groups, who underwent fundus fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography scanning with the wide-field contact and non-contact lens system respectively in order to acquire the 150? wide-field and 30? view image data. The quality of the images was comprehensively evaluated. Results Satisfying images were acquired from all of the 24 patients. Wide-field contact lens system indicated the accurate adjacent relation between the lesion position and the other dissection mechanisms, and also provided the general information about the size of the tumor and the perfusion of fluorescien or indocyanine green in the blood vessels. At the same time, it enlarged the view scope 3-5 times, which make for the screening of the peripheral lesions. Conclusions Scanning laser angiography with a wide-field contact lens system has important application value in the diagnosis of choroidal melanoma.

BACKGROUND: Defected Laryngeal cartilage has many alternatives, including autologous cartilage, al ograft cartilage and metal stents. Although these materials can achieve desired outcomes in laryngeal cartilage defect repair, certain limitations exist. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility and properties of artificial ossicular chain reconstruction materials, and to explore the effect of artificial ossicular chain reconstruction materials on laryngeal cartilage defect repair. METHODS: Porous hydroxyapatite otosteon was prepared by high-temperature calcination of hydroxyapatite, fol owed by cultured in bone morphogenetic protein solution extracted from fresh human bone to construct bone morphogenetic protein-hydroxyapatite artificial ossicular chain reconstruction material. And then, the biocompatibility and characteristics of the material were analyzed. Forty adult male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into porous hydroxyapatite group and artificial ossicular chain reconstruction material group (n=20 per group), and underwent repair with porous hydroxyapatite material and bone morphogenetic protein-hydroxyapatite artificial ossicular chain reconstruction material respectively after modeling of laryngeal cartilage defect. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference in compressive strength of artificial ossicular chain reconstruction materials with different porosities. No symmetry sphere formed in hol ows of the outer surface of the material, with polygonal appearance and with a pore size of 100-200 μm. There were no obvious adverse reactions in both two groups after implantation, but in the artificial ossicular chain reconstruction material group, numerous fibrous connective tissues and obvious bone nodules appeared, and the degradation rate of the material was faster. These results suggest that the bone morphogenetic protein-hydroxyapatite artificial ossicular chain reconstruction material exhibits good biocompatibility and properties, which wil obtain satisfactory outcomes for laryngeal cartilage defect repair. So, the material holds a great value of clinical application.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of 577 nm laser and 532 nm laser panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in the treatment of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).Methods This is a prospective controlled study.A total of 23 patients (41 eyes) with clinically diagnosed severe NPDR were randomly divided into two groups including 577 nm group (11 patients,20 eyes) and the 532 nm group (12 patients,21 eyes).577 nm group and 532 nm group received 3-4 times PRP with single-point mode.The laser energy and the number of laser spots were compared,and the laser energy density was calculated.Before treatment and 1 day,1,3,6 and 12 months after treatment,the changes of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),average threshold sensitivity,a/b-wave amplitude of flash ERG (F-ERG) in the 30°-60° visual field,and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were compared between two groups.Results The response rate was 85.0％ and 23.8％,respectively in the 577 nm and 532 nm group,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =15.43,P ＜ 0.05).Compare to the pre-treatment measurement,the average threshold sensitivity,a/b wave amplitude of F-ERG and the 30°-60°visual field were reduced at 1 day after treatment both in the 577 nm and 532 nm group,the difference were statistically significant (F =8.68,7.57,4.52;P＜0.05).The average threshold sensitivity (t=2.41,3.48,1.23),a/b wave amplitude (a wave:t=5.82,4.45,7.83;b wave:t=5.40,3.23,4.67) of F-ERG were different between 577 nm and 532 nm group at 3,6 and 12 months after treatment (P＜0.05).There was no retinal neovascularization and non-perfusion region in two groups at 6 months after treatment.The average laser power were (436.25 ±54.65) and (446.43 ± 35.61) mW,number of laser spots were (1952.95 ± 299.09) and (2119.05 ± 302.69) spots,energy density were (7.60±1.30) and (7.60±3.00) mW× ms/μm2 in the 577 nm group and 532 nm group,respectively.There was no difference in average laser power (t=1.35),number of laser spots (t=2.85) and energy density (t=1.99) between two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared with the 532 nm laser,577 nm laser treatment has better visual outcomes for NPDR patients.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of 577 nm laser panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) between one time multi-point scanning mode and multiple time single-point mode in the treatment of eyes with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).Methods This is a prospective controlled study from August 2013 to February 2014.A total of 29 patients (46 eyes) with clinically diagnosed severe NPDR were randomly divided into two groups including the treatment group (12 patients,22 eyes) and the control group (17 patients,224 eyes).The treatment group received one time PRP of multi-point scanning mode,and the control group received 3-4 times of PRP with single-point mode.In order to evaluate its efficacy,the best corrected visual acuity was measured before treatment,and 1 day,1,2,6 and 12 months after treatment.The average threshold sensitivity,a/b-wave amplitude of flash ERG (F-ERG) in the 30 °-60 ° visual field,and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) of the change were also compared between the 2 groups.The laser energy and the number of laser spots were compared,and the laser energy density was calculated.Results The response rate was 86.4％ and 79.2％,respectively in the treatment and control group,the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =0.414,P＞0.05).Compare to the pre-treatment measurement,the average threshold sensitivity,a/b-wave amplitude of F-ERG in the 30 °-60 ° visual field were reduced at 1 day after treatment both in treatment and control group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The average threshold sensitivity,a/b-wave amplitude of F-ERG were no difference between treatment and control group at 2m,6m and 12m after treatment (P＞0.05).The average laser power,number of laser spots and energy density were (537.50 ± 64.69) mW and (339.09 ± 132.09) mW,(1934.32 ± 426.38) points and (2061.42 ± 375.49) points,(0.35±0.12) mW o ms/μm2 and (1.95 ± 0.86) mW · ms/μm2 in the treatment group and the control group,respectively.The average laser power and energy density was statistically different between the 2 groups (P＜0.05),while the number of laser spots was no difference (P＞0.05).Conclusions 577 nm multi-point scanning laser can complete the PRP at one time,and achieve the same therapeutic outcomes with the single-point mode which need several times to complete the PRP in the eyes with severe NPDR,and have lower energy density,and thus relative minor function damage.

Objective To analyse the detection of The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph Ⅱ (HRT-II ) for macular diseases. Design Retrospective observational case series. Participants 110 patients(201 eyes). Methods Fifty-two normal eyes, 74 eyes with macular edema, 23 eyes with macular hole, 31 eyes with macular premembrane and 21 eyes with choroidal neovascularization were examined with macular edema module(MEM) of HRT-Ⅱ. Main Outcome Measures Edema index (E value), signal width value (W value) and features of reflectance pictures. Results In normal eyes, E value and W value of some areas in macula were partly associated with age(r=0.207-0.359). E value and W value in macular diseases were significantly different from normal eyes (P=0.000). HRT-II could display macular edema cysts, configuration and size of macular holes, extension of macular premembrane and its relationship with retina and druen or subretinal neovascularization in age-related degeneration. Conclusion The reflectance pictures of HRT-Ⅱ have characteristic appearances in different macular diseases, and the measurements of E value and W value altered in pathologic stage of macular diseases. Especially E value of central zone can reflect changes of retinal thickness and light reflectance in macula, and it is obviously different in macular edema.

Objective To discuss the correlation factors of locally recurrent gastric carcinoma. Methods Clinical, pathological and periodical follow-up datas of 50 cases with locally recurrent gastric carcinoma after radical resection from 1991 to 2005 were studied retrospectively, logistic regression analysis was used to disscuse the possible correlation factors of locally recurrent gastric carcinoma. Results 66.0% of 50 cases had recurrenced within 2 years after operations; Tumor pathological stages, positive lymph nodes and radical resection extent were independent correlation factors of locally recurrent gastric carcinoma. Conclusions Most recurrences would happen within 2 years after radical resection for gastric carcinoma; Early diagnosis of reccurrent gastric carcinoma depends on periodic follow-up observation especially gastroscope; Tumor pathological stages, positive lymph nodes and radical resection extent are independent correlation factors of locally recurrent gastric carcinoma.