Objective To study the effect of diabetes on spatial memory ability and spatial associative memory ability in rats. Methods 70 SD rats( 180±20 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group,type1 diabetes group and type2 diabetes group. Type1 and type2 diabetic rat models were set up by streptozocin (STZ) intraperitoneal injection and high fat forage raise. The blood glucose was determined. After rat diabetic model established 1 month and 3 months, respectively, the Morris water maze experiments were implemented,including 4 days' place swimming and 1 day's space exploration. Results After 1 month, diabetic rats' spatial memory ability and spatial associative memory ability were not affected. After 3 months, in place swimming test,the escape latency of two diabetic rat groups was obviously longer than that of the control group (P＜0.05). From the second day of the experiment, escape latency of the control descended sharply, while that of the diabetic group descended slowly. There was no difference between type 1 and type2 diabetic groups in escape latency (P＞0.05). After 3 months, in the space exploration test, when rats were put into the maze from I quadrant which already trained, swimming time in the platform quadrant was shorter, the other parameter scores were lower of the two diabetic model groups, contrast to the control group (P＜0.05). The parameter scores of type2 diabetic group were lower slightly than type1 diabetic group. When rats were put into the maze from IV quadrant for which never trained, the parameter scores of two diabetic groups were lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05) and the total score of type 1 group was lower than that of type2 group. Conclusion The spatial memory ability and spatial associative memory ability of type 1 and type2 diabetic rats descended. In the experiment, the spatial memory ability of type2 diabetic rats was more significantly affected than that of type1 diabetic rats. By contrast,type 1 diabetic rats' spatial associative memory ability descended greatly than that of type2 diabetic rats.

Objective To study the effects of diabetes on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in perforant path-dentate gyrus pathway (PP-DG) in rats. Methods 70 SD rats( 180±20) g were divided into 3 groups at random: control group, type1 diabetes group (DM1)and type2 diabetes group (DM2). After Morris water maze test, 15 rats that showed worse spatial memory ability were selected in each model group to investigate the variation of paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and the range of synaptic plasticity. Field potentials were recorded in the dentate gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus by stimulating the perforant path. Results Contrast to the control group, diabetic rats' hippocampal LTP were depressed (P<0.05), and type1 diabetic rats' LTP reduced much more. Diabetic rats' PPF ratio was reduced contrast to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Type1 and type2 diabetes impaired synaptic plasticity of hippocampal PP-DG pathway in rats, which conformed the results of water maze test.

To investigate the etiology.diagnosis and treatment of pulsatile tinnitus. One case with pulsatile tinnitus in our hospital admitted in May 2012 was reported and the relevant literatures were reviewed. The chief complaint when visited was pulsatile tinnitus. This case was treated by surgery. Pulsatile tinnitus was completely subsided without recurrence. Pulsatile tinnitus is an uncommon otologic symptom, which often presents a diagnostic and treatment dilemma to the otolaryngologist. The majority of patients with pulsatile tinnitus have a treatable cause. Failure to establish correct diagnosis may have disastrous consequences, because a potentially life threatening and underlying disorder may be present.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Tinnitus ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy

Data Mining ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; drug therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy

Objective To explore the clinical significance of micro-metastasis ( mM ) in the nipple-areola complex (NAC) and the regional skin of breast cancer. Methods Samples from the skin projection of the lump and the midline-transection of the nipple-areola complex were collected from 60 breast cancer patients for both routine pathological examination ( RP) and cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) monoclonal antibody immuneohistochemical examination (IHC). Results NAC invasion was identified by RP in 3 cases (5. 0% ) , and by IHC in 7 cases (11.7%) ( x2 = 2. 25, P

Adult ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Frontal Bone ; Hemangioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; pathology ; Humans ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; metabolism ; pathology ; Skull Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVEThe study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of astragaloside IV (ASI) on the activation of microglial cells.

METHODAfter pre-incubated with ASI for 2 h, microglial cells BV-2 were stimulated with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) for 1. 5 h and 24 h, respectively. Secretion of nitric oxide (NO) in the medium was measured by Griess method. Production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was detected by ELISA approach. Cellular gene expressions of CD11b, TNF-α, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were examined by quantitative-PCR analysis. Total and phosphorylation of STAT1, IκB and NF-κB was analyzed by Western blot method.

RESULTASI could significantly inhibit the increased secretion of TNF-α and NO from BV-2 cells upon IFN-γ stimulation (P < 0.001). Further study showed that ASI significantly down-regulated gene expression of IL-1β and TNF-α (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and exhibited a trend to reduce that of iNOS. IFN-γ and ASI have no obvious effect on gene expression of CD11b. Moreover, ASI inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT1, IκB and NF-κB elicited by IFN-γ stimulation.

CONCLUSIONASI could restrain microglial activation through interfering STAT1/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing gene expres- sion of IL-1β and TNF-α, and thus inhibiting the production of proinflammatory mediators such as NO and TNF-α.

Animals ; Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; I-kappa B Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; NF-kappa B ; genetics ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; genetics ; metabolism ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Triterpenes ; pharmacology

BACKGROUND: Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a vital role in the development of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To review the recent progress of treating osteoarthritis based on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS: An electronical literature retrieval of PubMed, CNKI and WanFang databases was performed to search the literatures concerning the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the treatment of osteoarthritis. The keywords were “catenin; wnt; osteoarthritis; arthritis; degenerative; arthritides; deformans; pathway; wnt signaling; signaling pathway; wnt signaling pathways; wnt beta catenin signaling pathway; canonical wnt pathway; canonical wnt” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 74 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The potential treatments of osteoarthritis based on the Wnt/β-Catenin signal pathway include natural antagonists, small molecule inhibitors, agonists, traditional Chinese medicine and drug reposition. These drug pathways provide chondroprotective effect via activating or inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The treatment of osteoarthritis based on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is currently in the laboratory stage, but it has a great application prospect. How to accurately regulate the pathway and better transfer the research results into the application will become a hotspot in the future.

Objective To evaluate the biological characteristics of hip joint in infants with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH).Methods From January 2013 to June 2016,30 patients (age from 1 to 8 months,25 females and 5 males) who were diagnosed as DDH,underwent ultrasound examination in Shenzhen Children's Hospital,in these patients 20 cases were treated surgically,and 10 cases were treated with non-surgical treatment.There were 34 hips (26 unilateral dislocation and 4 bilateral dislocation) dislocation in 60 hips.All the patients were confirmed by X-ray,magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination or operation.All the patients were examined by ultrasound through the coronal and transverse plane of the hip joint.The α angle,femoral head coverage ratio by acetabulum (FHC),femoral head length and width,distance from pubis to femoral head (P-H) and distance from ischium to femoral head (I-H) were measured.The dislocation joints were compared with contralateral joints.Results The α angle in the hip dislocation group was smaller than the contralateral group [(50.5±3.75)° vs (64.8±3.38) °],and there was significant difference between the two groups (t=-15.181,P ＜ 0.001).The FHC,femoral head length and width in the hip dislocation group were all smaller than the contralateral group [(23.4t17.63)％ vs (64.3±6.45)％,(0.98 ±0.15) cm vs (1.19 ±0.11) cm,(1.38±0.21) cm vs (1.61 ±0.16) cm],and there were significant differences between the two groups (t=-12.469,-6.034,-4.568,all P ＜ 0.001).The P-H and I-H in the hip dislocation group were larger than the contralateral group [(0.97±0.45) cm vs (0.27±0.05) cm,(0.75±0.30) cm vs (0.17±0.05) cm],and there were significant differences between the two groups (t=8.805,10.696,both P ＜ 0.001).The α angle,femoral head length and width in bilateral dislocation of hip group were slightly smaller than the unilateral dislocation of hip group [(50.3±2.75)° vs (51.3±4.77)°,(0.90 ±0.15) cm vs (0.97 ±0.12) cm,(1.25±0.20) cm vs (1.37 ±0.17) cm],but there were no significant differences between the two groups.The P-H and I-H in bilateral dislocation of hip group were slightly larger than the unilateral dislocation of hip group [(0.97 ± 0.49) cm vs (0.80±0.31) cm,(0.92±0.26) cm vs (0.68±0.18) cm],but there were no significant differences between the two groups.The value of acetabular index in the ultrasound group was slightly larger than the X-ray group [(33.13 ± 7.82)° vs (31.20 ± 8.31)°],and there were no significant differences between the two groups.Conclusions The characteristics of DDH includes acetabulum and femoral head dysplasia,and femoral head and acetabulum position relationship abnormalities.Quantitative ultrasonography of the hip can be used to quantitatively evaluate the structural features of DDH,and it is helpful to the early diagnosis and follow-up of DDH.

Objective To explore the effects of intervention of rehabilitation at different opportunities on recovery of hand function andactivities of daily living (ADL) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods A retrospective study was conducted. 108 patientswith ICH admitted to rehabilitation ward between June 2005 and June 2011 were divided into 4 groups according to the time of rehabilitationintervention. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The hand function and ADL were evaluated with Brunnstrom assessmentand modified Barthel Index (MBI) at admission and before discharge. Results The hand function of patients in early and intermediate stagessignificantly improved (P<0.01) while the patients in later and sequelae stages did not improve (P>0.05). The MBI of all groups increasedafter rehabilitation intervention (P<0.05). The earlier rehabilitation intervention was applied, the greater the improvement of Brunnstrom assessmentand MBI were. Conclusion Rehabilitation intervention can facilitate the recovery of hand function and ADL of patients with ICHin different stages. Early intervention is more effective.