BACKGROUND: Many factors are expressed during bone formation and osteonosus, which can induce cartilage to transformed into bone, or induce periosteal cells to transform into chondrocytes.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the osteogenic factors in recent years, and explore the important roles of these factors in bone formation and osteonosus.METHODS: A computer-based online search of Medline database (2008-01/2009-07) and CNKI (2008-01/2009-07) was performed using the key words of "osteogenic factors, bone disease, bone formation, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins,osteogenesis" in English and "osteogenic factors, bone formation, bone disease, cytokine, stimulating factor" in Chinese. All the articles were limited to the English and Chinese languages. The content about the bone factors, bone formation or osteonosus was included. Repeated or old studies were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: According to the exclusion criteria, 158 literatures were collected and the roles of osteogenic factors in bone formation and osteonosus were analyzed. Bone formation and osteonosus are complex processes, influenced by many hormones and systemic or local growth factors. A variety of bone growth factors participate in process of bone healing and bone metabolism-related disease, which act on the target calls through local autocrine/paracrine mode and influence the distant target cells through blood circulation mode. A great number of factors are involved in the process of bone cell proliferation,differentiation, matrix synthesis and osteonosus metabolism, such as the fibroblast growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein,platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor, interleukin-1, insulin-like growth factor, growth hormone etc.Osteogenic factors play an important role in the process of bone formation and bone-related diseases. More and more factors have been used in clinical therapy and bone tissue engineering research, and their effects have been clinically proven.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical features of hyperuricemia (HUA) and relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in adults.MethodsData were gathered from medical examination among adults age ≥ 20 years,and totally 18 862 subjects were analyzed in this study.ResultsThe prevalence of HUA was 14.8％ (2788/18 862).The rate was 18.4％( 1926/10 445) in men,10.2％ (862/8417) in women.The prevalence of HUA was increased with age,there was significant difference among different age (P =0.000),the rate in men was higher than that in women (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜0.05 ).Compared with normal SUA Patients,the levels of body mass index(BMI),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),total cholesterol (TC),triacylglycerol (TG) and lowdensity lipid cholesterol(LDL-C) were markedly elevated (P ＜0.01 or ＜0.05),and the level of highdensity lipid cholesterol (HDL-C) was markedly decreased in HUA patients (P ＜0.05).Stepwise regression analysis showed that BMI,SBP,DBP,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),TG,HDL-C were the independent correlation factor of SUA.The incidence of hypertension,over weight/obesity,dyslipidosis,hyperglycosemia and MS in HUA patients [24.1％ (672/2788),36.2％ (1009/2788),31.2％ (870/2788),18.0％ (502/2788),20.8％(580/2788) ] was significantly higher than that in normal SUA patients [ 18.2％ (2925/16 074),26.4％(4244/16 074),22.0％(3536/16 074),15.00(2411/16 074),17.0％(2733/16 074),P＜ 0.01 ].The level of SUA in patients with MS [ (342.3 ± 64.2 ) μ mol/L ] was higher than that of those without MS[ (319.3 ± 67.1 )μ mol/L,P =0.000].ConclusionsThe prevalence of HUA is increased with age.Multiple factors of dysbolism are clustered in subjects with HUA.There is correlation between SUA and MS.

BACKGROUND:The reports on bone morphogenetic protein-7 as a stimulating factor to induce osteogenic are relatively rare.
OBJECTIVE:To study the expression of alkaline phosphatase of periosteal cel s after induced by bone morphogenetic protein-7 in vitro.
METHODS:Periosteal cel s were obtained from adult tibial periosteum, and then the periosteal cel s were
cultured by routine method in vitro. The cel s were divided into experimental group and control group, and then cultured with bone morphogenetic protein-7 plus osteoblast culture adjuvants and simple osteoblast culture
adjuvants, respectively. The phase contrast microscope was used to observe the morphology and ultrastructure of periosteal cel s. Each group was observed at 7, 14 and 21 days, and three samples were observed at each time point. Alkaline phosphatase kit was used to detect the expression of osteoblast-specific markers alkaline phosphatase.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After cultured for 7 days, the proliferation of periosteal cel s in the experimental group and the control group was increased obviously, and the expression of alkaline phosphatase was detected but less. The cel s were spindle in shape, while the expression of alkaline phosphatase in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. After cultured for 14 days, the proliferation of periosteal cel s in the
experimental group and the control group was increased obviously, the cel morphology was changed from spindle-shaped to wide spindle-shaped, and the expression of alkaline phosphatase in the experimental group was
increased significantly when compared with the control group. After cultured for 21 days, the proliferation of periosteal cel s was detected in the experimental group and the control group, and the proliferation in the experimental group was more significant than that in the control group, the cel morphology was wide spindle-shaped, and the number of alkaline phosphatase in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. Statistical analysis showed that the
positive rate of osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase of bone morphogenetic protein-7 induced periosteal cel s in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). It suggested that periosteal cel s had the
osteogenic and regeneration ability, the bone morphogenetic protein-7 could induce periosteal cel s, promote the expression of alkaline phosphatase, and could induce the periosteal cel s to transform into osteoblasts.

Objective To discuss the application effect of fansclub informatization on the self-management of breast cancer patients. Methods A total of 240 breast cancer patients were equally divided into the experimental group and the control group by the random number table with 120 patients in each group. The control group was provided with routine health education, based on this, patients of the experimental group participated in the fans club. The compliance, tempering effect, readmission rate and the satisfaction degree were evaluated between the two groups one year later. Results A significant difference was observed between the two groups′ compliance (t=11.08, P<0.01), with the experimental group graded 69.27 ± 8.02 and the control group graded 48.76 ± 7.51. Moreover, in the experimental group, the angel of abduction, anteflexion, rear protraction, medial rotation, lateral rotation were respectively (170.13 ± 3.16)° , (172.45 ± 1.94)° , (46.71 ± 1.86)° , (81.30 ± 2.47)° and (85.18 ± 1.55)° ,which were significantly higher than the control group (125.16±1.93)°, (136.28±4.67)°, (34.63±2.68)°,(61.59±1.71)° and(85.18 ± 1.55)° (t=22.74-73.76,P<0.01). Further more, there were also remarkable differences (χ2=32.97, 54.21, 15.34, P<0.05) between the two groups on the consultative, readmission and the satisfaction degree, which in the experimental group were 91.67% (110/120), 81.67% (98/120), 96.67%(116/120), and in the control group were 55.83% (67/120), 47.50% (57/120), 84.17% (101/120). Conclusions The establishment of the fans club informatization remarkably improves the self-management of the breast cancer patients, which are worth popularizing.

Objective To understand the effect of circumcision in reducing high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in male adults. Methods One hundred and twenty-eight married adults with phimosis who underwent circumcision enrolled in the case group and high-risk HPV of urethral discharge specimens were detected before and 2 years after operation. A total of 128 cases of phimosis without circumcision were recruited in the control group. High-risk HPV infection rates were compared between the two groups. Results The highrisk HPV infection rates in the two groups were comparable at baseline. In the circumcision group, high-risk HPV infection rate was 27. 3% preoperative and it significantly decreased to 12.5% two years after operation( x2 =8. 839 ,P =0. 005). In the control group,high risk HPV infection rate was 28. 1% at baseline and it was 25.0%two years later, with no significant difference (x2 =0.320,P = 0.671).Conclusion Circumcision can significantly reduce high-risk HPV infection. Promoting circumcision actively in our country may have an important role in preventing high-risk HPV infection.

Objective To investigate the association between obesity and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).Methods A total of 253 men (>40 year old) with no obesity related diseases were selected.Medical history,height,body weight,waist circumference (WC),body fat ratio,blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,blood lipid and prostate ultrasound were evaluated.The participants were then assigned to the normal group (body mass index 18.5 to 23.9 kg/m2),overweight group (24.0 to 27.9 kg/m2) and obesity group (≥28 kg/m2).The subjects were also divided into the normal group (WC<85 cm) and abdominal obesity group (WC≥85 cm) or normal group (body fat ratio≤25%) and excessive body fat ratio group (>25%).Prostate volume was analyzed in each group.Results The prostate volume was significantly different between the normal body mass index group and overweight or obesity groups,normal WC group and abdominal obesity group,and normal body fat ratio group and excessive body fat ratio group.The prostate volume was increased in individuals with higher body mass index,WC and body fat ratio.Of those with body mass index≥24 kg/m2 and normal WC or body fat ratio,the incidence of BPH was not significantly increased.Conclusion Obesity may be a risk factor for BPH; individuals with increased WC and body fat ratio may have a higher risk of BPH.

Objective To investigate the effects of weight-loss intervention on metabolic indicators in over-weight or obesity adults.MethodsA total of 116 over-weight or obese adults entered into this study from March 2008 to December 2009.The participants were divided into three groups by age.Each group received 6 months'weight-loss intervention.Body mass index(BMI),body fat rate,blood pressure,fasting blood glucose(FBG),oral glucose tolerance test(OGTY)2 h blood glucose,serum triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)were measured before and after the intervention.The data were analyzed using t test.Results After the intervention,BMI,FBG,TG,and LDL-C were significantly decreased while HDL Was significantly increased in each group(P＜0.05).Body fat rate,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and OGTT 2 h blood glucose were significantly reduced in the young and middle-aged groups(P＜0.05),however,there Was not significant difference in the older-age group.ConclusionsWeight-loss intervention may be effective in improving physical and metabolic indicators in adults with over-weight and obesity and reducing the risk of obesity-related diseases.

Objective To estimate and optimize the dosage regimen of vancomycin and linezolid for treatment in different Gram-positive cocci infections. Methods The pharmacokinetic data of vancomycin and linezolid were collected, and the pharmacodynamics in vitro of these drugs for staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium were analysed. The cumulative response fraction (CFR) was evaluated in different dosage regimens of two drugs against four types of bacteria. Results The regimen of 3 500 mg/d vancomycin was recommended for patients with staphylococcus epidermidis infection. The regimen of 2 500 mg/d vancomycin was recommended for patients with staphylococcus aureus infection. The regimens of 3 000 mg/d vancomycin and 400 mg linezolid given 2 times/day were recommended for patients with enterococcus faecalis infection. The regimens of 2 500 mg/d vancomycin and 400 mg linezolid given 2 times/day were recommended for patients with enterococcus faecium infection. Conclusion In application of vancomycin and linezolid for treatment of Gram-positive cocci infections, different dosage regimens should be used in different types of infections.

The relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and the components of metabolic syndrome (MS) was explored.A total of 2 252 subjects aged 20 to 79 years from medical examination were identified.The prevalence of SCH was 4.88％.The rate of 7.30％ in female was markedly higher than 2.17％ in male(P＜0.01).The highest SCH prevalence in adults was in the ≥70 years old group.The prevalence of SCH in female was increased with age(P＜0.01).Compared with the euthyroid group,body mass index,triglyceride,and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly elevated (P＜0.05),while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was significantly decreased in SCH group(P＜0.05).The incidences of hypertension,dyslipidosis,and MS in SCH group were significantly higher than those in euthyroid group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) ; Serum TSH in the MS group was higher than that in the Non-MS group[(2.43 ± 1.55 vs 2.21 ± 1.48) mU/L,P＜0.01].The incidence of SCH in MS group was significantly higher than that in the Non-MS group (7.69％ vs 4.25％,P＜0.05).The prevalence of SCH in women was increased with age.Multiple factors of dysbolism were clustered in subjects with SCH.There is a correlation between SCH and MS.

At present,transplantation has been the predominant way to solve most of the end-stage diseases,ensued by the use of immunosuppressive drugs.Since the immunosuppressive drugs have narrow therapeutic index,the blood drug concentration is needed to mornior.Pharmacogenetics is one subject which focuses on the interaction between gene and the metabolism of the drug,providing great help for designing the regime of achieving the target drug concentration.Meanwhile,it facilitates the realization of individual therapy.This review thus focuses on the latest advancement on the pharmacogenetics of those immunosupprressants,hoping to provide help for the treatment.