0.05).Conclusion:Domestic made doxycycline injection is as effective and safe as arithromycine injection for the treatment of bacterial infections.

0.05).No adverse effects were observed in both groups.Conclusion:The efficacy and safety of gatifloxacin are similar to those of levofloxacin in the treatment of acute gonococcal urinary and reproductive tract infections.

Objective To investigate the alterations of outer membrane permeation of multiple-antibiotic-resistant Proteus mirabilis.Methods Laboratory-derived cefotaxime-resistant mutants were induced by serial passages of clinical isolated susceptible Proteus mirabilis on cefotaxime-containing agar.Thereafter,the outer membrane proteins(OMP)of the parental strains and mutants were analyzed by sodium dodeeyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophresis(SDS-PAGE)and the uptake of ciprofloxacin (CPLX)was determined with high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC).Lastly,morphological analysis was performed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.Results Compared with the parental strains.the mutants wete resistant to quinolones,cephalosporins and penicillins;the content of OMP with relative molecular weight 40 000 was reduced and that of 37 000 0MP was increased.The uptake of CPLX was reduced and the ratios of peak concentration were decreased to 1:1.74,1:1.53 compared with that of suseeptible strains.CPLX concentration absorbed was lower than the break point 1 mg/L of resistance and the difference of CPLX intracellular concentration between resistant and susceptible strains was less than 2 times.which resulted in much more increase of minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs).Meanwhile,it was observed under electronic microscopy that resistant strains lost the rodlike shape and had more distinctive membrane fold,wider periplasmic space and les8 nucleiods.Conclusion The multiple-antibiotic-resistant Proteus mirabilis shows decrease of drug uptake and changes of ultrastructure,which may be related to alterations of outer membrane permeation.

With the characteristics of complicated etiologic factors,multiple complications and high mortality,severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) has been treated by all kinds of clinical management.Management of SAP is a hot topic in recent decades.Researches on the pathophysiology of SAP have advanced dramatically during the past 20 years.As the number of randomized controlled studies of SAP has steadily increased,mainly in the United States and Europe,evidence based management was demanded for the management of SAP.The main improvement of the treatment results was achieved following internationally accepted recommendations; however,some aspects of the management are different and need to be discussed.There has been no consensus regarding the treatment of SAP.Failure to provide definitive treatment may potentially put a patient at risk of a fatal episode of SAP.The aims of this study,therefore,were to survey the currently adopted practice of the management of SAP,to evaluate the impact of various subspecialty interests on the practice adopted,and to suggest pathways towards a better implementation of the guidelines and other evidence-based management approaches.

The paper analyzed the structural characteristics, biological characteristics, infection symptoms, detection methods and corresponding protective measures of Zika virus, as well as analyzed coping strategies for high-risk groups (pregnant women and infants).Zika virus is nonsegmented, single-stranded,and positive-sense RNA genome with fast spreading.Fever and arthralgia are its common symptoms.Currently, it can be tested in serum, urine and saliva samples.The virus protection can be classified into overall control from government, total prevention from society and individual protection according to the guidelines.It is severe to prevent and control epidemic situation of Zika virus, and it needs to improve the whole nation's prevention and treatment ability, and it can improve other social problems through Zika virus prevention.

This paper summarizes the features of web sites that would be useful to infectious diseases physicians by exploring the Internet through search engine including Google,Baidu and Yahoo.Meanwhile,suggestions from professional forums,web sites and publications are also taken into consideration.Nine Comprehensive sites containing three categories and more of microbial pathogens,nine special sites for parasites,four special sites for fungi,two special sites for viruses and two special sites for bacteria are collected.Subjective navigation for each site is given.Features of these sites,including laboratory images,clinical images and number of images are also described.

Objective To discuss the technical specifications of current high-frequency electrotome detection,to avoid the hidden danger of high-frequency electrotome power detectors,and to measure the leakage current of different kinds of highfrequency electrotome accurately.Methods The power and leakage current of the high frequency electrotome were measured by FLUCK QA-ES Ⅱ high frequency electrotome analyzer.The safety of the two methods was compared before and after the improvement of the power measurement.Four parameters of leakage current were repeatedly measured with the ways of high frequency earthing and high frequency isolation respectively.The maximum measurement of leakage current was recorded.Results The improved connection method was safe in the power measurement.For the high-frequency electrotome in the model of high frequency earthing,the values of leakage current were restrained within the range of error with two ways of monopolar loading operation electrode and neutral electrode.For the high-frequency electrotome in the model of high frequency isolation,the values of leakage current were limited within the range of error withtwo ways of monopolar empty operation electrode and neutral electrode.Conclusion The improved high-frequency electrotome power detection method is safe for detectors.The data obtained from the leakage current detection method using the national standard correction method reflect the actual state of the high-frequency electrotome,when the electrotome with earth as the reference is used to detect the leakage current with loading or the insulated electrotome is applied to measuring the leakage current with no loading.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recently discovered major regulators of gene expression, which play a pivotal role in a wide spectrum of biological processes including antiviral defence. There is growing evidence that some viruses either encode their own viral miRNAs or subvert cellular miRNAs. The host-and virus-encoded miRNAs and their targets together thus form a novel regulatory layer of interactions between the host and the virus. A better understanding of host-virus interaction mediated by miRNAs would not only enable us to unravel the molecular basis of viral pathogenesis, but also enable us to develop better therapeutic strategies.

Objective To investigate the disinfectant-resistant gene qacA in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the First Affiliated Hhospital of Chongqing Medical University. Methods A total of 126 S. aureus strains were isolated. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4 representative monovalent and bivalent disinfectants were determined. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to analyze the prevalence of qacA gene in these strains. Disk diffusion method was used to identify methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).Results Of the 126 S. aureus strains, 12 were positive for qacA gene. The prevalence of qacA in these strains was 9.5%. The prevalence of qacA gene in MRSA was 17.3%. Conclusions qacA gene is prevalent in the clinical isolates of S. aureus.

Objective To discuss the effect of neonatal congenital hypothyroidism (CH)screening in preterm infants.Methods The result of 208 713 cases neonatal congenital hypothyroidism screening in Guangzhou neonatal screening center were analyzed,including 11589 cases preterm infant and 197 124 cases of full term.The difference of screening positive rate and incidence between preterm infants and full term infants group were compared and the efficiency of preterm infants congenital hypothyroidism screening were estimated.Results A total of 208 713 newborns were screened and the screening positive rate was 1.39%.123 cases were confirmed positive for CH and the incidence rate was 1 /1 697.124 cases were screening positive in preterm infants and the screening posi-tive rate was 1.06%.14 cases were confirmed positive for CH and the incidence rate was 1 /828 in preterm infants group.2 771 cases were screening positive in full term infants and the screening positive rate was 1.41%.109 cases were confirmed positive for CH and the incidence rate was 1 /1 809 in full term group.The screening positive rate was lower and the incidence rate of preterm infants group(χ2 =4.89,P <0.05)was higher than that of the full term infants group(χ2 =8.26,P <0.05).Conclusion The incidence rate of congenital hypothyroidism is higher in preterm infants.Neonatal screening is an effective measure for early diagnosis of preterm infants congenital hypothyroidism.