Objective To understand the effect of circumcision in reducing high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in male adults. Methods One hundred and twenty-eight married adults with phimosis who underwent circumcision enrolled in the case group and high-risk HPV of urethral discharge specimens were detected before and 2 years after operation. A total of 128 cases of phimosis without circumcision were recruited in the control group. High-risk HPV infection rates were compared between the two groups. Results The highrisk HPV infection rates in the two groups were comparable at baseline. In the circumcision group, high-risk HPV infection rate was 27. 3% preoperative and it significantly decreased to 12.5% two years after operation( x2 =8. 839 ,P =0. 005). In the control group,high risk HPV infection rate was 28. 1% at baseline and it was 25.0%two years later, with no significant difference (x2 =0.320,P = 0.671).Conclusion Circumcision can significantly reduce high-risk HPV infection. Promoting circumcision actively in our country may have an important role in preventing high-risk HPV infection.

Objective To establish a duplex fluorescence PCR for detection of HIV proviral DNA and to evaluate its application for early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants .Methods A duplex fluores-cence PCR system was set up based on TaqMan technology for detection of human ribonuclease P ( RNase P) gene and long terminal repeat ( LTR) region of HIV.A recombinant plasmid containing the targeted gene fragment , pTG19-T, was constructed by TA cloning technique and used as the template for evaluation of sen -sitivity of the assay .Blood samples from 11 healthy individuals and 98 HIV-infected patients were collected and detected to validate the assay specificity .The assay of duplex fluorescence PCR was then carried out to detect 96 infant blood samples collected from several maternal and child health hospitals in Zhejiang province from January 2011 to September 2012 for early diagnosis of HIV infection .The results were compared with those by using the Roche HIV DNA qualitative detection kit .Results The established duplex fluorescence PCR could specifically detect HIV proviral DNA with a specificity of 100%and a detection sensitivity of 100 cps per reaction .The coincidence rate between the established assay and the Roche HIV DNA qualitative de -tection kit was 100%in the detection of 96 blood samples .Conclusion The duplex fluorescence PCR as-say showed advantages of cost-effectiveness , convenience , good specificity and accuracy with high sensitivi-ty.It could be used for early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants and also as a general technical platform for the detection of HIV proviral DNA .

Based on the teaching fact and feature of pharmacy specialty. In this article, curriculum location of general microbiology about object, character, function, content design for the higher vocational colleges were disscused. The result would provide some gist to reform teaching methods for microbiology course.

?AIM: To compare postoperative anti -inflammation effect and safety between bromfenac sodium eye drops and pranoprofen eye drops in patients after laser epithelial keratomileusis ( LASEK) .? METHODS: In the prospective, randomized and controlled study, 100 patients ( 200 eyes ) undergoing LASEK were randomized into the bromfenac sodium group (100 eyes) and control group (100 eyes).Patients in bromfenac sodium group received bromfenac sodium hydrate ophthalmic solution eye drops twice a day in 3d before surgery and 2wk after surgery, while the patients from the control group were given proanoprofen eye drops 4 times a day in the same period.At 1, 3, 5d, 1 and 3mo after surgery, irritative symptoms grade, duration of irritation, time for corneal epithelial healing, cornel haze, uncorrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure ( IOP ) were observed and compared between the two groups. Quantitative data were analyzed using independent samples t-test and ranked data were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whiteney rank sun test.?RESULTS:There was no significant difference between two groups in irritative symptoms grade ( P =0.317 ), neither was existed between two groups in uncorrected visual acuity after surgery (P>0.05).There was no statistical significance in the time for corneal epithelial healing between two groups (P=0.551).?CONCLUSION: Bromfenac sodium eye drops ( 1g/L ) can achieve the same therapeutic effect as pranoprofen eye drops after LASEK.

AIM: To analyze the direction and degree of static cyclotorsion component (SCC) and dynamic cyclotorsion component (DCC) in corneal refractive surgery.
METHODS:Retrospective analysis. Totally 130 patients (260 eyes) with corneal refractive surgery in our hospital, according to the operation method were divided into femtosecond laser - assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) group and T-photorefractive keratectomy (T-PRK) group, the differences of the parameters of the two groups were compared; the differences of SCC success rate, SCC, DCC, and the eyeball rotation direction were compared between the two groups; correlation analysis on SCC, DCC and the parameters of postoperative patients were performed.
RESULTS: High order aberrations and spherical aberration in the T-PRK group after operation was higher than those of FS - LASIK group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05); in T-PRK group SCC in the operation was successful in 98 eyes, the success rate was 81. 7%; in FS-LASIK group SCC in the operation was successful in 82 eyes, the success rate is 58. 6%, the difference of SCC success rate between the two groups was statistically significant ( P < 0. 05 ); SCC in T - PRK group was 3. 52o ±2. 17o and FS-LASIK group was 3. 49o ±2. 26o, there was no significant difference (P>0. 05); DCC in T-PRK group (2. 86o±1. 14o) was higher than that of FS-LASIK group ( 2. 17o ± 1. 09o), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). There was no statistical difference in the direction of rotation of the eyeball in operation between the two groups (P>0. 05). The SCC of subjects in operation was positively correlated with UCVA, BCVA, spherical equivalent refraction and high order aberrations ( P < 0. 05 ); the DCC of subjects in operation was positively correlated with UCVA and high order aberrations (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: The success rate of SCC in T - PRK surgery is higher than that in LASIK, DCC in T - PRK surgery is higher than that in LASIK, and accurate measurement of SCC and DCC can be effective to compensate for it.

Objective To investigate the disinfectant-resistant gene qacA in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the First Affiliated Hhospital of Chongqing Medical University. Methods A total of 126 S. aureus strains were isolated. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4 representative monovalent and bivalent disinfectants were determined. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to analyze the prevalence of qacA gene in these strains. Disk diffusion method was used to identify methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).Results Of the 126 S. aureus strains, 12 were positive for qacA gene. The prevalence of qacA in these strains was 9.5%. The prevalence of qacA gene in MRSA was 17.3%. Conclusions qacA gene is prevalent in the clinical isolates of S. aureus.

The perinatal risk factors of transient hypothyroxinemia(TH) in premature very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWI) was investigated by longitudinally assessing thyroid hormones concentrations during their early life after birth and analyzing the relationship to perinatal factors. The serum TT4 concentration on day 7 was (61.03±24.19)nmol/L and the incidence of TH was 12. 05% (n= 10). Pulmonary surfactant support ( OR = 14.25, 95% CI2. 61-70. 07), ventilation support ( OR = 13. 76,95% CI 2. 55-68. 05) , dopamine support ( OR = 9.45, 95% CI 2. 26-39. 5 ) , and gestational age less than 30 weeks ( OR = 5. 78,95% CI 1. 36-24. 49) were perinatal risk factors for TH of premature VLBWI.

Objective To assess the clinical value of dobutamine 201Tl stress-redistribution/nitroglycerin augmented ~(99m)Tc-metho~(99m)Tc-xyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) gated myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods A total of 132 patients with suspected CAD underwent dobutamine 201Tl stress-redistribution/nitroglycerin augmented MIBI gated MPI and coronary arteriography (CAG) within two weeks after MPI. Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) were performed in 23 patients with myocardial infraction. The regional wall movement was assessed with echocardiography before and within three months after PCI. Results Taking stenosis ≥50% as standard of CAD, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of dual-isotopic SPECT imaging in diagnosing CAD was 93.41%, 87.80% and 91.67%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in diagnosing left anterior descending artery (LAD) stenosis was 93.85%, 91.04% and 92.42%, for left circumflex artery (LCX) was 86.79%, 89.87% and 88.64%, while for right coronary artery (RCA) was 81.25%, 82.14% and 81.82%, respectively. Of all 207 myocardium segments in 23 patients with myocardial infarction, radioactivity defect was found in 113 segments on the redistributed ~(201)Tl images, and radiofilling was found in 52 (52/113) segments on the nitroglycerin augmented ~(99m)Tc-MIBI images, whereas 61 segments had no radiofilling. Taking regional wall movement improvement as the criterion of viable myocardium, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of identifying viable myocardium with nitroglycerin augmented ~(99m)Tc-MIBI imaging was 87.23%, 83.33% and 84.96%. Conclusion Dobutamine ~(201)Tl stress-redistribution/nitroglycerin augmented ~(99m)Tc-MIBI gated MPI is able to effectively detect CAD and viable myocardium and helpful in diagnosis and treatment of CAD.

This paper summarizes the features of web sites that would be useful to infectious diseases physicians by exploring the Internet through search engine including Google,Baidu and Yahoo.Meanwhile,suggestions from professional forums,web sites and publications are also taken into consideration.Nine Comprehensive sites containing three categories and more of microbial pathogens,nine special sites for parasites,four special sites for fungi,two special sites for viruses and two special sites for bacteria are collected.Subjective navigation for each site is given.Features of these sites,including laboratory images,clinical images and number of images are also described.