Introduction: In a report from the WHO 2013 it states that, 23% of children between the ages of 13 and 17 had suicidal ideation and 9.3% attempted suicide in the last 12 months. According to the research of Bayarmaa V et al, the prevalence of behavioral and emotional disorder among adolescents is between 8.7% & 9.4%. As a result of these researches, it can be concluded that evaluating the mental health of adolescents and learning the risk factors that can affect it has become an urgent matter in Mongolia. Goal: To establish the prevalence, the factors that influence it and the type of signs and symptoms common to this behavioral and emotional disorder in adolescents of the Gobi-Altai province. Material and Method: No ethical errors were reported during the implementation of this study. We used various versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) applicable for children, adolescents, parents and teachers and determined exhibition of emotional and behavioral problems by cross-sectional analysis. 2192 adolescents between the ages of 11-18 years old, 1808 parents and caregivers and 102 teachers from the secondary school in Gobi-Altai province were screened from March to December of 2018. Results: In our study, 50.5% (n=1107) of participants were boys, 49.5% (n=1085) were girls and totally 2192 participants were involved. Regarding the survey results, 58.6% of adolescents in Gobi-Altai province were healthy, 36.1% of them had emotional and behavioral problems and 5.2% of them had emotional and behavioral disorders. For the mental health of adolescent, peer bullying (child 1.4 times higher, parents 6.4 times higher), moving house (child 2 times higher), domestic disputes between parents (child 1.6 times higher), loneliness (child 1.4 times high), hormonal change (teacher 7.7 times high, parents 2 times high), obtaining a qualification for a better life (teacher 6.4 times high) are the factors affecting their mental health negativ ely and creating a mental health problem. Conclusion 58.6% of adolescents in Gobi-Altai province were healthy, 36.1% of them had emotional and behavioral problems and 5.2% of them were with emotional and behavioral disorders. Peer bullying, moving house, domestic disputes between parents, loneliness, hormonal change are the factors affecting the mental health of adolescents negatively.

Children under 5 years of age in developing countries are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition. Malnutrition affects 50% of hospitalized children and 25–70% of the critically ill children. Malnutrition interferes with the appropriate response of the body to disease and predisposes to infection and to the onset of multiorgan failure, increasing morbidity and mortality, the mean length of hospital stay, and health costs. Aim: A prospective cohort study of children admitted to the tertiary pediatric ICU between January 2009 and January 2014 was carried out. To assess the malnutrition type, and impact of nutritional status on outcomes like mortality rate, disease, complication in critically ill children.To the study were enrolled 138 children admitted to the pediatric intensive care units of the NationalCenter for Maternal and Childrens Hospital. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the MNUMS, and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Nutritional status was determined using Waterlow criteria.Total participants were 49.3% (n=68) of male, 50.7% (n=70) female. 138 children with a mean age 4.4 months ±3.6/ Std.Er/, min = 1 month, max = 12 months, mode = 1 month. n=70(50.7%) acute malnutrition, n=58(42%) chronic malnutrition by Waterlow criteria. In malnutrition group was assessed patient with ricket n=36 (26.1%), patient with anemia n=56(58.9%)While malnutrition is a major problem in pediatric intensive care units. Acute malnutrition moreoccurred in the pediatric intensive care.Malnutrition more occurring of intrauterine infection, genetic disorder, hematology disease’s patients.

BackgroundColorectal cancer takes the second place in the highly developed countries morbidity increases, for females it takes place after breast cancer, for males after lung cancer colorectal cancer occupies about 3-5% from the cancer of digestive tract. In the western Europe, united states of America it occuries 12.6% on males and 14% on females, for Pathological structure it occurs mostly in the proximal part and adenocarcinoma is diagnosed 95%. Colorectal carcinoma occurs more at the age of 20-40 but people aged 40-50 are mostly affected and males are affected more. Lately it has tendency of increasing amond the population 40-120 case on 100000 in a year approximately 5-10 people are affected newly. For our country by health statistical information colon cancer was 94 from it 49 occur on females, cancer of rectal and anus canal was 237, from it 99 occur on females, 37 case of colorectal cancer are registered newly in a year approximately, 19 occurs on females cancer of rectal and anus canal was 45 from them 16 are registered newly on females the number of patients with colorectal cancer has tendency of increasing. Among Mongolian population morbidity of colorectal cancer is increasing nowadays but any research has not been done to reveal pathology early and to diagnose. This became base of our research work.GoalAim of our study is to define peculiarity of colorectal cancer and its early pathology and to study some factor of aetiology connectea with cancer forming.Objectives:1. To define peculiarity of pathology of colorectal cancer.2. To diagnose early pathology of colorectal cancer by pathological method.3. To diagnose colorectal carcinoma by international histological classification and determine cell secretion degree.4. To define some genetic peculiarity of factors which affects to colorectal carcinoma.Novelty of research workNovelty of research work is to study colorectal carcinoma and its early pathology in combination with the method of endoscopy and molecular biology.Materials and MethodsIn the research 315 biopsy material of 142 patients with colorectal carcinoma of 2004-2008, 56 biopsy material of colorectal endoscopy of 2007-2008 are involved.1. Histological basic painting method.2. Method of molecular biology. We revealed affect of human papilloma virus infection in 39 surgical and endoscopyic material by using general GP5, GP6, MY11 primer in PSR.ResultsIn our study totally 198 people were involved from them (average age 45.8+ - 0.4), 46.0%(n=91)-male, 54% (n=107) female. If we see people involved in the study by age classification, 8 (5.9%) at the age of 20-29, 21 (10.3%) at the age of 30-39, 39 (19.3%) at the age of 40-49,45 (22.4%) at the age of 50-59, 56 (27.7%) at the age of 60-69, over 70-79 (14.3%). If we see colorectal carcinoma by anatomical location most location was in 45 (22.7%) in sigma, 52 (26.2%) in rectus. Seeing from endoscopic biopsy analyse pathology which involved whole colorectus occupied 10 (35.6%). By international histological classification of cancer which was adopted from WHO. In our study polyp occupies 21 (10.6%), adenoma 24(12.1%), adenocarcinoma 137 (69.2%), metastatic carcinoma 6 (3%), chronic inflammation or with change dysplasia 10 (5.1%). If we see endoscopic biopsy analyse it is 56 (28.3%) of people involved in the research. Hyper plastic polyp 21 (36.1%), adenoma 6 (25%), adenomatous polyp 8 (33.3%) occupces, Tubular adenoma polyp 7 (29.2%), villous adenoma 3 (12.5%) from carcinoma adenomatous carcinoma occupces 98 (71.5%), mucous carcinoma 7 (5.1%), carcinoma with flat cell 8 (5.8%), carcinoma with ring cell 5 (5.1%), carcinoma witout secretion 13 (9.5%), carcinoma with metastases 6 (4.3%), one of factors of etiology which affects to colorectal carcinoma is human papilloma virus. In the biopsy material of surgery and endoscope involved in the research it reveals negative in sensitive primer which reveals all the type of papilloma virus.Conclusions:1. Colorectal carcinoma occurs 19.3% at the age of 40-49, 22.4% at the age of 50-59, 27.7% at the age of 60-69, it has tendency of increasing rohen age becomes older. It occurs 14% over 70.2. By location of anatomy colorectal carcinoma it occupies 50-60% in sigma and rectus.3. Noncarcinomous polyp of colorectal carcinoma is situated in many parts of intestine carcinoma with many polyp occupies 35.6%of total carcinoma.4. By histological classification mostly carcinomous and noncarcinomous carcinoma of epithel and adenomous cell originated occupy.5. Papilloma virus hasn’t been releaved in the sample endoscopic sample.

Background: Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children around the world. Annually, it’s estimated about total of 120 million cases of pneumonia occur in children under the age of five around the world and about 2 million of them end in mortality. In 2017, respiratory diseases constituted 31.3% of all diseases in children under the age of five in Ulaanbaatar city. 268 cases of respiratory diseases occur in every 1000 children, making it the leading disease in children of that age group. Sonographic examination has several advantages including lack of radiation, accessibility, portable (can easily bring it next to the patient’s bed), cost effective, and can be used repeatedly on the patients. To our knowledge, currently in Mongolia, there are no published research materials on sonographic examination in children with pneumonia. Given, the lack of study, increased rate of pneumonia and advantages of ultrasonographic, the present study was performed to detect lung ultrasound sign of pneumonia and determine the specificity and sensitivity of lung ultrasound and X-ray. Methods: The study used cross-sectional studies of analytical study. 379 inpatient children aged between 1 month to 14 years old who are in the children’s hospital of Bayangol district between 1st of September 2019 to 1st of December 2019 participated in the study. Procedures included collection of questionnaires from the parents or the guardians, random collection of data from the patients’ history, and assessment of results from ultrasound and X-ray examination. The study used Stata software to analyze the statistics. Results: 56% or 210 cases showed decreased echogenicity in the ultrasound examination. Incorporated B line sign (р=0.001),, decreased echogenicity in the consolidation (р=0.001), and presence air positive bronchus (р=0.001), are shown to the major sign of pneumonia in ultrasound examination. Conclusions In pneumonia, following signs are present in lung ultrasound: Unilateral B-lines, consolidation, hypoechoic, irregular shaped consolidation, positive air bronchogramm sign in lung. From the results of our research, we discovered diagnosis sensitivity of pneumonia in ultrasound is 85%, specificity of pneumonia in ultrasound is 87%, sensitivity of pneumonia in Х ray is 78%, specificity of pneumonia in Х ray is 84%.

Background: Plants have played a significant role in maintaining human health and improving the quality of human life for thousands of years and have served humans as valuable components of seasonings, beverages, cosmetics, dyes and medicines. There are a number of medicinal plants used in the traditional medicine in the Mongolia to form “tan” prescriptions which are mostly consist of the mixture of individual medicinal plants and used by nomads during the long history for their health care as medicines. Lancea tibetica (Scrophulariaceae) is a traditional herbal medicinal plant in Mongolia, China and Tibetan. In Mongolian traditional medicine, L.tibetica different exclusive forms of preparations are effective for treatment of some disorders such as pulmonary, cough and heart disease. Aim: This study aim was to define the biochemical some composition antibacterial activity and mineral elements content in air-dried samples Lancea tibetica of Mongolia. Material and Method: The antibacterial activity and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was collected of the seed, aboveground part and root for the Lancea tibetica. From three different organs of plant Lancea tibetica was collected of the Tsenkher district Arkhangai province (2017.07.28) and Tunel district Khuvsgul province (2018.08.27) were evaluated by means of the Disk diffusion method against five bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis). We have taken extracts of plant 3 organs from organic solvent (7) ethyl acetate, hexane, n-butanol, methanol, chloroform, ethanol and distilled water for antibacterial activity. MIC of the extracts were defined and compared with each other. The macro-and microelements were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer analysis (XRFA). Result: We have taken a dried seed, aboveground part and root of Lancea tibetica in the investigation. In these three samples were determined biochemical composition of 11 components for quantitative analysis: moisture was 6.2±0.2%, ash 4.8%, protein content was 1.67±0.1%, raw oil 5.9±0.3%, reduction sugar 0.39±0.1%, vitamin Р 16.6±1.8 mg%, extractive substances 18.6±0.2%, tanning matter 0.05±0.02% and flavonoids 0.2±0.01% in seed. The same moisture was 6.7±0.4%, ash 9.7%, protein content 1.89±0.2%, raw oil 6.1±0.8%, reduction sugar 0.52±0.1%, vitamin С 3.52±2.2mg%, vitamin Р (rutin) 20.3±0.2mg%, carotene 12.8mg%, extractive substances 16.8±0.1%, tanning matter 0.08±0.01% and flavonoids 0.6±0.24% in aboveground part. Besides this, in root: the moisture was 6.1±0.3%, ash was 14.9%, protein content was 2.1±0.3%, raw oil was 2.9±0.2%, reduction sugar 0.62±0.02%, vitamin Р 17.8±0.05mg%, extractive substances 20.3±0.4%, tanning matter was 0.06±0.03%, flavonoid was 0.35±0.002%. Besides this, we revealed the saponin by method quality analysis in aerial part and root of Lancea tibetica. But not triterpenoid saponin in seed. The same not revealed alkaloid all the samples.
Eighteen extracts (5mg/disc) of three organs (seed, aerial parts and root) showed antibacterial activity diverse. The MIC in ethanol and butanol extracts of seed, aboveground part and root was more than others.
From thoroughly air-dried aboveground part samples of Lancea tibetica from Tsenkher district of Arkhangai province and Tunel district of Khuvsgul province. We determined the 43 mineral elements. 11 elements were defined by percentage, 10 elements were oxide forms (SiO₂, TiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, CaO, MgO, Na₂O, K₂O, MnO, P₂O₅) of them. Other elements were defined by mg/kg unit. The same heavy metallic, mobile elements (Cu, Cr, Zn, Mn, Pb, Ni, Co) and rare earth elements (Ce, La, Nd, Pr, Sm) were determined. Conclusion In the result of this research work to determine the content of biologically active substances in Lancea tibetica. Plants produce a great variety of organic compounds that are not directly involved in primary metabolic processes of ground and development. Study of the biochemistry of plant natural products has many practical applications. Various detectable contents of useful or macronutrient and micronutrient oxide was found in the ash of aerial parts. Some macronutrient and micronutrient elements were detected by oxide forms.

BACKGROUND OF STUDY: For the past 10 years, accidents and trauma are ranking third in the cause of Mongolian population’s death. Russian scientists have defined that skull and brain trauma comprise of 40% of the total traumas and is one of the serious injuries that have damaging effect to the health. Defining its creation, injury period, death cause in the leading direction of science of forensic medicine in our country are still the urgent issues. Nowadays little research which studied case mortality due to accident and trauma has been studied, this became background of our research work. PURPOSE OF STUDY: To study cause and peculiarity of pathology of case mortality due to brain trauma, in the condition of our country and to consider the result. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY: To study the cause, some risks of head injury. To define pathology of case mortality due to head injury. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: We did retrospective study in 555 case material of an autopsy of case mortality of head injury of forensic medicine and research department of national institute of forensic science. Statistical work out was done by Microsoft excel and extensive index. RESULT OF STUDY: 84.5% (n=459) is male and 15.5% (n=86) is female out of our 555 involved cases and the gender ratio is 5:1. The most or 81% of the research participants had head injuries due to hitting with firm and dull stuffs and 15.9% head injury as a result of traffic accident follows in the second place. To analyze from the characteristics of mortality, 93% is subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural, epidural hematoma, 64% is brain tissue injury were detected. CONCLUSION: Young manhood men mortality that has head injury resulted from the firm and dull things occupies most of the percentage in our research. The head injury can lead to the mortality of his ordinary process.

Background: Infectious keratitis is a disease caused by inflammation, infection, and other ocular damage to the outer and other deep layers of corneal epithelium. It is a major cause of monocular blindness and visual disability worldwide regardless of age and gender. Therefore, we aimed to determine the clinical features and risk factors of infectious keratitis among Mongolians and to identify the causative microorganism and compared them with the treatment results. Methods: We collected the data of 149 patients who diagnosed as infectious keratitis at the Ophthalmology Department of the First State Central Hospital in 2017-2020 and using a case series model of descriptive study. Statistical analysis was calculated using Stata14 software. Results: The majority of patients in our study were male, with a male-to-female ratio is 2.1:1. The cause of infectious keratitis were categorized and eye injury-induced keratitis accounted for the highest percentage of 38.3% (n=57), with the majority being men 73.7% (n=42) (p=0.028). As for the type of treatment, antibacterial drugs 103 (69.1%) and evisceration 27(45%) predominate. Conclusion Our study shows that the majority of infectious keratitis in Mongolia is due to trauma in male patients. Forty-five percent of all surgeries involve evisceration surgery, which reduces the client's quality of life.

Background: A rare angioproliferative condition of the larynx, Kaposhi sarcoma typically affects the skin. Immunosuppressive treatment following organ transplantation and human immunodeficiency virus infection are the causes. Every type of Kaposi sarcoma has human herpesvirus-8. Laryngeal kaposi sarcoma is uncommon in immunocompromised patients; since its initial identification in 1965, 18 cases have been documented globally. A CO2 laser-assisted laryngeal microsurgery is performed through the mouth cavity to remove tumor when kaposi sarcoma of the larynx obstructs the airway. Case report: A 77-year-old woman complained of hoarseness, dry mouth, odynophagia, and dysphagia three months prior when she arrived at the Mongolian-Japan Hospital. Two years ago, she acquired hard, sensitive lumps that were palpable on her right arm, left ankle, and right thigh. At that time, she was diagnosed with Kaposiform hemangiodermatitis and treated at the National Center for Dermatology. HIV test results were negative. Immunohistochemistry: CD31 +/-, CD34 /+/. Using flexible nasopharyngeal endoscopy to get the diagnosis: There was a mass that was about 1.5–2–5 cm in diameter, bluish in color, smooth and movable, and spongy and vascular on the larynx, on the nasopharynx, behind the palatine tonsills, and supraglottic. Surgery: Through the use of Kleinsasser laryngoscopy and a 0-degree endoscope, pathological tissues were extracted under general anesthesia using a laryngeal microsurgical instrument and a laparoscopic bipolar coagulator. The tissues were then sent for histological evaluation, which revealed Kaposi sarcoma, sarcoma grade 1. Results of treatment Pain decreased and quality of life increased following surgery. Upon nasopharyngeal endoscopy, the vocal cord mobility was normal and the surgical incision was clean. Conclusion: Kaposi sarcoma is an extremely uncommon illness. A lower quality of life and further issues can be avoided with an early diagnosis and suitable therapy. It also needs to be continuously monitored because it is a potentially repeatable disease.