Child psychiatric disorders are common and treatable, but often go undetected and therefore remain untreated.To assess the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) as a potential means for improving the detection of child psychiatric disorders in the community.SDQ predictions and independent psychiatric diagnoses were compared in a community sample of 1959 11- to 17-year-olds from the 2013 Mongolian National Center for Mental HealthMulti-informant (parents, teachers, older children) SDQs identified individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis with a specificity of 66.8% (95% Cl 61.4-73.0%) and a sensitivity of 64.4% (59.9-71.3%). The questionnaires identified over 65% of individuals with conduct, hyperactivity, depressive and some anxiety disorders. Sensitivity was substantially poorer with single-informant rather than multi-informant SDQs.Community screening programmers based on multi-informant SDQs could potentially increase the detection of child psychiatric disorders, thereby improving access to effective treatments

BACKGROUND: Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) ranks ninth in worldwide cancer incidence. It is the seventh most commonmalignancy in men and seventeenth in women. UBC tends to occur most commonly in individuals over 65 orolder men and the male to female ratio are 3:1. The vast majority (over 90%) of bladder cancers are transitionalcell or urothelial carcinoma. Many experts did favor the 1998 World Health Organization/international Societyof Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) formulation for urothelial neoplasm. The 2004 WHO had accepted thenomenclature used in 1998, the system is currently used in countries of the world. Histology is the gold standardof typing, grading and staging to determine prognosis of the disease and process tactics of treatment. This newclassification system is not been introduced in our country yet, so UBCs are still formulated with the WHO 1973system. And there are no noted studies for UBC yet in Mongolia, these reasons were the background to determinethe UBC pathology with international classification system and nature of UBC in Mongolians.OBJECTIVE: To classify urinary bladder cancer occurred in Mongolia with the current histological classification and determinesspecific characters of pathology.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study we evaluated 138 patients with UBC diagnosed in Urological department of Central UniversityHospital, biopsy materials of these patients are classified with WHO/ISUP(2004) and results were analyzed.RESULT: Of the 108 patients with urinary bladder tumor, 2 patients (2%) were diagnosed with papilloma, 13 patients (12%)with papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential, 93 patients (86%) diagnosed with UC. Of 93 patientswith bladder carcinoma, majority of patients (91/98%) were diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma, 2 patients (2%)were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma. 74 (79.5%) of study patients were male, 19 (20.5%) were female and themale to female ratio was 3.9:1. Older man (over 50) was 65 (88%). Of UC (91), 1(1%) was carcinoma in situ,38 (42%) low grade papillary carcinoma, 33 (36%) high grade papillary carcinoma, 19 (21%) were no papillaryurothelial carcinoma. Of bladder carcinoma (93), 29 (31%) were superficial cancer (pTa, pTis), 58 (62%) wereinvasive cancer (pT₁₋₄).CONCLUSION: Urinary bladder cancer is in the majority in urinary bladder tumor in our country and transitional cell or urothelialcarcinoma compresses 98%. The male to female ratio in patients with bladder carcinoma is 3.9:1, older men over50 years are overweening affected.

Thyroid nodular lesions are the common clinical problem in the world. A variety of tests have been employed to separate benign from malignant thyroid nodules. These tests include isotope scanning and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Our research was based on the fact that the comparison of FNAC and thyroid isotope scan in thyroid nodule was not researched in Mongolia. Therefore, we want to evaluate the specimen adequacy of FNAC, and compare its result to thyroid isotope scanning in patients with thyroid nodule. The research was conducted on archive materials of FNAC and thyroid isotope scanning of patients with thyroid nodule who were treated in surgical department of The First Central Hospital from 2012 to 2015, and the statistic analyze was done by using SPSS 20 under the auspices of School of Pharmacy and Bio-Medicine,Department of pathology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. We have collected the FNAC of 807 patients, including 34 patients (4.2%) were males and 773 patients (95.8%) were females. FNA cytology results were interpreted as benign in 495 cases (61.3%), follicular lesion of undetermined significance in 31 cases (3.8%), follicular neoplasm in 9 cases (1.1%) suspicious in 17 cases (2.1%), malignant in 3 cases (0.4%), and unsatisfactory in 252 cases (31%). We have got the result of thyroid isotope scanning of 43 (5.32%) patients out of 807 cases. On thyroid scan, 18 patients (41.9%) having cold nodule were labeled as suspicious for malignancy, 25 patients (58.1%) had hot nodule. The FNA diagnosis of 25 patients with a hot nodule following: 1 patient (4%) with neoplasm, 17 patients (68%) with benign results, 6 patients (24%) had non-diagnostic. The FNA diagnosis of 18 patients (41.9%) with cold nodule following: 1 patient (5.5%) with follicular lesion of undetermined significance, 10 patient (55.5%) with benign, 5 patient (27.7%) with non-diagnostic, 2 patient (11.1%) had malignant. The FNAC results were interpreted as benign in 495 cases (61.3%), malignant in 3 cases (0.4%), and unsatisfactory in 252 cases (31%). Two patients out of 18 patients with cold nodule diagnosed as malignancy by FNAC. The sensitivity and specificity of thyroid isotope scanning was 96% and 16.6%, respectively.

Based on registered cases Н1N1 virus Influenza in Mexico, 26 April, 2009, there were done risk assessment of current and future situations in area along railway across Mongolia. In the frame of this work were done organizational work preparation, urgent activities to prevent the infection The result of this risk assessment were passed this situation with less risk and related activities were done by steps.Work of Making Sure of ReadinessBy the order number 22b of Vice Chairperson of the Security Departure of Railway, on 28th of April, based on act number 02 of the National Emergency Department, group of agents had been assigned on UBRW, on 6th of May ‘’Plan to Prevent and Making Sure Quick Response is Ready from H1N1 Virus Influenza Infection’’ had been declared, announcing to manage works to prevent new virus infections, enforcing presence of related laws and regulations as a duty, organized video-selector of railway on 12th of May 2009, by presenting ways to get infected, prevention, UBRW’s all departments, branches and agencies have organized to prevent. On 29th of June 2009, we have processed and announced a guideline to act when a ‘’Passenger that is suspected with Influenza virus’’, and we made sure international and domestic rails are ready. On 29th of July, with the help of National Infectious Disease Center, we have organized a training to ‘’Early Prevention from H1N1 Virus Influenza Infection Counteract and Preparing Readiness’’ with having presenters from hospitals like Central and Branch rails joint clinic, physicians from branches and factory clinics, Wagon Depo in Ulaanbaatar, Passenger Service Ulaanbaatar Central Station, and produced 63 trainers.In Work of Making Sure of Readiness, on 10th of September 2009, by the order number 50 of Chairperson of Railway, solved 43 million tugrugs of Investment to making sure readiness of the medical and passenger service, saved some protection materials and other inventories. During the red alert additionally planned 156 million tugrugs, during whole phase of H1N1 virus infection UBRW had spent 204 million tugrugs. When looking at the spending: Medical equipments: 73781076 tugrugs, sterilizations and disinfectants: 23907969 tugrugs, protection materials: 27230300 tugrugs, vitamins: 62511518 tugrugs, educational advertisements: 10672525 tugrugs, others: 3369620 tugrugs.Conclusion:1. Incidents of H1N1 virus infection of people in covering area of UBRW’s Central Clinic and its branches railway’s joint clinics are less than National, Ulaanbaatar City, and Provinces that have railways.2. Children ages ranging from 0 to 4 and people from 20 to 49 years old with full ability to work are more likely to get infected.3. According to the research H1N1 Influenza virus incidents are higher in Bayangol and Bayanzurkh districts. The most incidents, which are registered from Bayanzurkh district’s sub districts, are I, III, IV are higher than other sub districts. In these sub districts, Ulaanbaatar Central Railway Station, and commercial centers like BARS Food Market and TOSA Market are located. Moreover 49% of the infected people live in apartments in which they don’t have central how water system, which cannot be denied that, had affected the spread of infections. 4. 96.5-99.15 of all infected people had headache, dry coughing, sneezing, discomfort, chest pain; 76.95 of all children had symptoms like diarrhea. Most patient’s chest X-ray diagnosed one of the two lungs have pneumonia. 60% of all the children and adult from 50 and over had a history of pain and diseases. But youths from 20-49 didn’t have any history of pain and diseases.5. It was effective to use medication tactics like immune activator and anti viral medications.6. In UBRW’s range there haven’t recorded any incidents that are more than 2 people from work place, school and family.7. To conclude (didn’t get laboratory test) from the first registered and dead patient first contaminated 1 person, which had treated in National Infectious Disease Center. And 1 person got lightly sick and got treated at home. If the patient got sick seriously and diagnosed positive, the closest 1 to 2 people have a possibility to be very likely to get contaminated.8. The latency stage of infection was 1 to 3 days and the average inpatient days were 10 days.

Background:Laboratory test are done on clinical specimens in order to get information about the health of a patient as pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease. Laboratory test gives 70% of information to get a right diagnosis. By some study, physiological factors such as diet, stress, exercise and sample collection techniques are influencing 32%-75% of test accuracy and reliability. That is why we want to studyhow nurses follow standard of sample collection techniques in UB.Our study conducted in 5 different hospitals. We observed nursesway of collecting sample from 150 patientsResult:Nurses did not identify patients ID in 80% of patients and did not ask test preparation and diet of 100%. They prepare necessary items to blood draw 95%. Also nurses did not fully follow blood draw standard in such way: hand sterilization, asepticize place of puncture and using bandage. Conclusion:Nurses don’t follow standard of draw blood from vein and did not clarifies patients test preparation. Pre-analysis process is the most influencing factor in the test result. So we have to train nurses to follow their standard of sample collection procedure.

The survival of seeds in the soil is characterized by the ambient concentration of seed and seed distribution and seed maturation. Seedlings grown in a fully developed in the future viability of the plant growth shows revival. Ecological restoration of this important natural seed bank study could also be considered, assuming of Bogd Khan Uul “Shajin khurkh” around the goal of soil seed reservation. Goal to achieve the following objectives. Including:1. To learn soil seed stydies2. To familiarize with the methodology andresearch, make the research methodologyinto own3. To study soil seed bank around BogdKhan mountain “Shajin khurkh”Key words: Bogd Khan Mountain; soil; seed bankIntroductionNowadays, environmental problems aroundthe world, our country prone to desertifi cation gene pool of rare and endangered native plant conservation and is close to extinction benefi cial for some drugs, food and technical plant species restoration, conservation and proper use is a challenge today. With an easy transition to a market economy gain a group of people interested in nature pillage of rare animals and plants remove, and the intense drought shifting in recent years in Mongolian Gobi desert steppe has desertifi cation across the region. Natural conditions, rehabilitation of forest trees, shrubs and plants shrubs planted seeds and seedlings preparation step is performed to transfer. It is not possible to recover plant ecology without seeds. To destroy the vegetation limited nature of the environment and human infl uence in the work of restoring scientifi c conduct acomprehensive study to ensure that it is desirable to restore the ecology of the soil seed reserves in the area, primarily to determine what research.Materials and methodsThe location of points of GPS (Geographicalposition system) established with the help ofapparatus and measuring 10x10m area of each point and each of any two points each 1m2 5 this site soil samples from 5 repeats. Studies using soil samples takenin 2013-2014 according to German scientists K.Tomsony research methodology to test performance.Bogd khan ‘’Shajin khurkh’’ mountain thestudy are shown

BackgroundIn accordance with WHO investigation, most of the mental disorders onset in childhood and 20 percentof children (1 of fi ve) with mental and behavioral disorder currently. In 2005, by assessment of mentalhealth system in Mongolia (WHO-AIMS) it was concluded that special attention needs to be given todevelop professional competence and services in the area of child and adolescents mental health so itis a reason of the this study.AimTo early identify common emotional and behavioral problems among children and identify risk factorsfor itMethodsThe study was randomly selected 3500 child aged between from 4 to 17 years in 5 districts of Ulaanbaatarcity and 46 soums of 11 aimags of Mongolia.A main tool is Strengths and Diffi culties Questionnaire (SDQ) and included the 25-item child andparent versions were used to record each informant’s perception of four problem domains/subscales.SDQ was differently used child ages such as child aged 6-10 years used by parent version child agedbetween11-17 years used by both child and parent versions.ResultsOf 2920 child who participated in the study, 382 (13%) studied in kindergarten, 2423 (82.9%) school. Anaverage age of participants was 10.9±4.ConclusionThe abnormal emotional reaction was dominantly occurred in urban girls aged between from 6 to 10years and the abnormal behavioral reaction was dominantly occurred in urban boys aged between from6 to 15 years. The family relationship was a risk factor for developing emotional and behavioral problemsin child.

Background: The intraoperative smear cytology (squash preparation) is fairly accurate, simple, reliabletool for rapid intraoperative diagnosis of neurosurgical biopsies [1]. In the early 1930s, Dr Eisenhardtand Cushing introduced intraoperative cytological investigations for rapid examination of neurosurgicalspecimens and guidance of surgical treatment [2]. Besides rapid decision making during neurosurgicalprocedures, it is also to be ensured that minimum injury is caused to the normal brain structuressurrounding the intracranial neoplasm. It has become necessary for pathologists to train themselves inthe interpretation of cytomorphological features of various central nervous system lesion and used inmany neurosurgical units of all over the world [3]. Thus, to begin doing intraoperative squash cytology inour practice is the aim of this study.Aim: To study the diagnostic accuracy of squash cytology in the intraoperative diagnosis of centralnervous system tumorsMaterials and Methods: The material for this study was obtained from 30 cases of nervous systemneoplasms sent for intraoperative consultation from State Third Central Hospital, Shashtin to the thirdsection of National Center for Pathology between 7th of November 2013 to 28th of March 2014. Squashpreparation was performed on all cases and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The diagnosis given onsquash cytology was then compared with final diagnosis given on paraffin-embedded sections.Results: Of total 30 cases of primary central nervous system tumors, neuroepithelial tumors are thelargest category of tumors (50%). The accuracy of squash cytology was 82.1%.Conclusion: This is the first study in our country where intra-operative squash cytology in brain tumorwas done and diagnostic accuracy was 82.1% as very good category. There were 4 cases had diagnosticdiscrepancy.