Background: Last years increased the human and animal cases of anthrax. During 2000-2009 infected 197 livestock of them 73 cattles, 7 horses, 13 goats and 104 sheep and 10 human cases of anthrax at Khentii province. Goal: We are aimed to evaluate human and animal cases of anthrax which registered at Khentii province last 10 years.Materials and methods: Used for registration of veterinary report of 2000-2009, last 10 years report of human cases of CIDNF Khentii province. Analyzed the data, compared and evaluated the result of human and animal anthrax cases. Results: The Khentii province included at zone of middle risk, active foci by classification of anthrax risk foci (Tserendorj and et all, 2006). Totally 1148 livestock infected by anthrax during 2000-2009 in national level and of them 17.1% registered at Khentii province. Infected 10 patient during 2000-2009 occurred 12.7 % than national level. Most of patients 95.2% (16) infected by used the skin, meat with died from anthrax. The 4.8% (1) of all patients infected from soil which work at soil. All patients infected by bubonic form. Last 2007, 2008,2009 disinfected at soil and decreased the detection of cultures or positive results from soil.Conclusion: The high risk of human anthrax depends on most likely from animals and soils. Herders take more risks due to their job specialization. Male workers of working age groups are generally infected by anthrax in particular. Especially assistant workers in agriculture and mining sectors are extra vulnerable in anthrax. The new areas have been infected by the virus of human and animal anthraxes because of increases of animal movement from place to place. The reasons of animal movement are number of people working in commercial and hand operated gold mining, herders movement to another area for looking pasture (otor) and growing number of celebration activities (Batshireet, Norovlin soum in 2007).

Background: Tick-borne encephalitis is human viral infection involving the nervous system and transmitted by the bite of infected tick. The TBE Virus is distributed in different geographical areas by three widespread subtypes of the virus: The Far East, Europe, and Siberia. The Far East type has a mortality rate was 30-35%, the European type has a mortality rate of 2.2%, and the Siberian type has a mortality rate of 6-8% (A.G. Pletnev, 1998) [2].
In recent years, human cases of tick-borne infections have been reported in 19 European countries and four Asian countries (Mongolia, China, Japan, and South Korea) [3].
Human cases of tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne rickettsiosis, and tick-borne borreliosis have been registered in Mongolia since 2005. Deaths have been reported year by year [5].
During 2005 to 2021, tick-borne rickettsiosis (71.6%), tick-borne encephalitis (17.3%) and tick-borne borreliosis (52.9%) were confirmed by epidemiological, clinical and laboratory tests at the NCZD.
Tick-borne encephalitis was registered in 63 soums of 15 provinces and 9 districts of the capital city, of which 90% were infected with tick bites in Selenge and Bulgan provinces. The average mortality rate is 4.9% (14), of which 28.6% in Bulgan province and 2.7% in Selenge province.
Tick-borne encephalitis is the leading cause of death in Bugat soum of Bulgan province and more infected men about 40 years of age [7]. Purpose : Collect ticks from selected soums of the provinces, identify tick species, species composition, distribution, tick densities, pathogens of tick-borne diseases, conduct population surveys to assess the risk of tick-borne infections, and identify tick-borne infections. Material and Method: Ticks were collected by flag from birch trees in birch forests and meadows with biotope and overgrown berries, determined morphological analyze and molecular biological investigation for detecting tickborne pathogens.
Questionnaires were collected from selected soum residents according to a specially designed randomized epidemiological and clinical survey card, collected information and forms were submitted to soum hospitals with a history of tick bites (according to clinical criteria). Serological tests were performed to detect IgG-specific antibodies to the collected serum mites. Result and conclusion Collected 121 ticks (120 I. persulcatus and 1 D. nuttalli) and not wound egg, larvae, nymphs. By molecular biological investigation detected 3.5% of I.persulcatus from Khutag-Undur soum of Bulgan province, 3.5% of anaplasmosis, and 14.1% of I.persulcatus mites from Bugat soum. 1.5% borreliosis, 3.1% anaplasmosis.
Detected DNA of 100% tick-borne rickettsiosis from D.nutalli ticks and determined circulation of infection among tick in Bugat and Khutag-Undur soums of Bulgan province.
247 people were surveyed, 56 blood serum from cases. Detected Q fever, erysipelas, and anaplasmosis, tick-borne borreliosis 3 (5.4%), tick-borne rickettsiosis 26 (46.4%), Japanese encephalitis 3 (5.4%), tick-borne encephalitis tick-borne rickettsiosis 6 (13.0%), tick-borne rickettsiosis tick-borne borreliosis 1 (1.8%), tick’s rickettsiosis Japanese encephalitis 1 (1.8%), tick-borne encephalitis tick-borne borreliosis 1 (1.8%).
By investigation, vaccination (88%) and wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants (81%) were the most effective ways to prevent tick bites (81%) [15]. According to our research, the percent of population knowledge in Bulgan province was insufficient (40.9%) which there is a lack of information, training and advertisement among the population in the province.

Introduction: The aim of this research project is to elucidate the crosstalk of innate and adaptive immune reactions against the DNA containing bacteria. : This study held in the Core laboratory, Science Technology Center, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS). Murine aortal endothelial cells, END-D cultured and the cell viability checked by MTT assay. In addition, the NO production, protein and gene expression studied by Griess Reagent assay, R.T-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Results: 0.1µM, 1µM and 10µM of TLR9 ligand exhibited no cytotoxic action against the cells by MTT assay. IFN-ү alone induced NO production in END-D cells. In the other hand, TLR9 ligand at 0.1µM, 1µM and 10µM up-regulated IFN-ү induced NO production in dose dependent manner. RTPCR results exhibit that TLR9 ligand up regulates iNOS mRNA. Immunoblotting analysis showed the enhanced iNOS protein expression and phosphorylation of STAT1 in cells pre-treated with TLR9 ligand. Discussion: We have demonstrated CpG DNA, TLR9 ligand, up-regulates IFN-ү induced NO via enhanced IFN-ү signaling. The result of Western Blotting and RT-PCR support the up-regulation of NO. CpG DNA can be used as agent against virus and bacteria. Further research need to be conducted. Conclusion TLR9 ligand, CpG DNA up-regulates IFN-ү induced NO production in time and dose dependent manner. TLR9 ligand augments the expression of iNOS mRNA and STAT1 phosphorylation in response to IFN-ү.