Purpose: To do the support of physical therapy education in Health Sciences University of Mongolia (HSUM), the attitude survey concerning rehabilitation and physical therapy was done to the students. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect and the problem in the future of support of education in Mongolia. Method: The support of physical therapy education was begun in HSUM in July 2007, and the special lecture and practice to the specialized subjects were done in March 2009. In addition, the attitude survey concerning rehabilita¬tion and physical therapy was done to the students in Department of Physical Therapy. RESULTS: Curriculums of Department of Physical Therapy were 136 units, and special lectures and practices of Gunma University were nine subjects, 18 units. In the third grader and the fourth grader that attended the lectures of the specialized subjects, the understanding level concerning rehabilitation and physical therapy were high. Conclusion: It is though that it came to be able to do the multipronged idea because not only physical therapy but also the understanding of another occupational category increased as effect of the support of education. It is future tasks to clarify the understanding level of the contents and skills of physical therapy.

Lately, much progress was present in stroke prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. Mechanism called brain plasticity is enhanced from relatively early stage after the stroke’s onset by rehabilitation, and it is known to lead to functional recovery. Acute phase rehabilitation needs to be started as early as possible, after the onset of stroke, while the patient is still in the bedridden. The primary goals of such acute rehabilitation are prevention of disuse syndrome, early improvement of ADL, and to make someone is independent as possible and promotion of social reintegration. Many evidences prove that promotion of acute care and rehabilitation of stroke, carried out in the stroke unit or stroke rehabilitation unit, and early supported discharge, reduced the duration of hospitalization and improves ADL and QOL, as it gives long-term outcome. The result shows that stroke patients, who were admitted to a special ward carrying out organized multidisciplinary rehabilitation such as a stroke unit or stroke rehabilitation, had lower mortality and a higher home return rather than those treated in the ordinary unit, still after 10 years of their strokes. While care and service of rehabilitation system is at low level in our country, we need to introduce and establish such an effective system of acute care and rehabilitation of stroke, based at those evidences.

Objectives: We aim to determine rehabilitation physicians’ attitudes toward and awareness of evidence-based medicine (EBM), level of knowledge and its usage, and barriers to implement it. Design: Cross-sectional survey from a questionnaire distributed in 2010. Setting: The rehabilitation physicians that participated in nation-wide rehabilitation congress in Mongolia. Participants: 58 rehabilitation physicians who responded to a questionnaire (77.3% response rate). Main outcome measures: Rehabilitation physicians’ attitudes toward EBM, level of knowledge and understanding of related technical terms of EBM, clinical use of EBM, level of awareness of and access to EBM literature and databases, and barriers to implementing EBM. Results: Most of the respondents had a positive attitude toward EBM; 91.4% agreed that the use of evidence in practice was necessary; 87.9% agreed that EBM improved patient care; 94.7% were interested in improving the skills necessary to implement EBM. Respondents had a low level knowledge of EBM. Only 39% of the respondents had been trained in EBM, and reported a low level of awareness of some of the technical terms. The practice of evidence-based medicine by a rehabilitation physician was insufficient. Most respondents obtained information of evidence that was necessary for practice from a textbook. Higher than half of the respondents stated they read fewer than 2 articles in a typical month. The primary barrier to implementing EBM was lack of research skills. Conclusion: The respondents had a positive attitude towards EBM and were interested in improving the skills necessary to implement EBM. In the future, the importance of EBM and medical statistics in undergraduate education is suggested. In addition, measures for EBM skill improvement among rehabilitation physicians is of urgent necessity.

Background. Low back pain is a frequently encountered symptom. Although 70-80% of the entirepopulation have low back pain complaints in their lives, only 2-4% of them require surgical intervention.’Department of Neurosurgery, Shastin 3rd Central Hospital about 200 patients who undergo back surgery,while 90% of patients who have prolapsed lumbar disc surgery from 2010 to 2012. There are variousstudies indicating that exercise improves pain and disability in chronic low back pain and in those whohave had surgery. The main objectives of the postoperative rehabilitation programmes are to accelerateand maximize function recovery as much as possible, and to prevent further injury by restricting theprogression of degenerative changes. We evaluated the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatments thatare used in our department which is the first time in our country.Goal. To evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation after lumbar discectomy.Materials and Method. We examined 83 patients were included the Shastin central hospital, Departmentof neurosurgery and rehabilitation after lumbar discectomy at a single level and operated in the periodfrom May 15, 2013 to September 15, 2014. All patients were evaluated at the beginning and at theend of treatment by Oswestry Disability Index which is a specific functional questionnaire for back pain.Pretreatment values are one month after surgery and posttreatment values three months after surgery.All patients received the intensity specific exercise and back school education programme 3 days aweek for eight weeks.Results. All patients pain intensity are reduced after treatment evaluated by VAS (p<0.000). Functionalability had significantly increased after treatment which is evaluated by Oswestry Disability Index in allpatients (p<0.000). 46 from all patients had minimal disability before treatment and this number wasincreased in to 79 after treatment. The number of moderate and severe disabled patients ability wasincreased after treatment.Conclusion: Back school education and specific exercise programme should be one of the parts oftreatment after lumbar discectomy. After treatment was increased functional ability and early painrelief.

Background: The learning outcomes of a program are defined by the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that students are expected to acquire by the end of the curriculum. For occupational therapy professionals, it is essential to successfully implement both pre-graduation and post-graduation programs and to assess the effectiveness of the curriculum by clearly identifying the competencies expected of graduates in society. Aim: To identify the core competencies required for training occupational therapists at both pre-graduation and post-graduation levels. Materials and Methods: A modified Delphi method combined with Nominal Group Technique (NGT) was employed. The study was conducted in three phases from April 2022 to May 2024. In the initial online survey, a total of 83 participants were involved, including occupational therapy students, graduates, and members of the Mongolian Association of Occupational Therapists. A nominal group consisting of four experts held several focus group discussions to review and vote on the proposed competencies, forming a revised list. In the final phase (second-round Delphi), the updated list was distributed online again to collect additional feedback. Results: A total of 136 individuals participated in the online surveys throughout the study. The final list of competencies was synthesized based on three main international standards: the World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT) Minimum Standards for Education (2016), the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (CAOT) Profile of Occupational Therapy Practice (2012), and the TUNING Educational Competencies in Europe. Through five rounds of NGT meetings, one online scoring session, and a final Delphi round, a total of 12 program learning outcomes (PLOs), 198 core competencies for the pre-graduation level, and 86 competencies for the post-graduation level were identified. Conclusion By applying consensus techniques, we developed a structured list of core competencies at both the basic and advanced levels aligned with the 12 program learning outcomes (PLOs) of the occupational therapy curriculum. This list can serve as a practical reference framework for future curriculum design and professional training programs in the occupational therapy.

Introduction Zinc,an essential trace element in the human body,is known to serve as the active center of approxi-mately 300 enzymes.Zinc deficiency causes various pathological conditions such as growth retardation,immunodeficiency,and neurological degeneration.Zinc deficiency is typically the result of inadequate dietary intake of zinc,the recommended dietary allow-ance for zinc has been presented for healthy individ-uals in the“Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese,2005”by the Japanese Ministry of Health,Labor,and Welfare. However,we have recently reported that zinc deficiency is common in elderly bedridden patients receiving long- termenteral nutrition based on the recommended dietary allowance,and that zinc deficiency may be associated with increased suscepti-bility to infections in those patients.On the basis of the findings,we have proposed that zinc preparations should be added to the standard enteral formulas to prevent infectious diseases in elderly bedridden patients.Ordinarily,zinc preparations used for zinc therapy are inorganic salts(e.g.,zinc sulphate,zinc picolinate,or zinc chloride)and organic compounds(e.g.,polaprezinc or zinc gluconate).Previous studies have revealed the different activities for zinc therapy between inorganic salts and organic compoundsWe carried out a randomized crossover study to compare organic zinc compounds with inorganic zinc salts,looking at whether there was a difference in their effects on serum zinc and cupper concentrations in elderly bedridden patients receiving long-term stan-dard enteral nutrition.We used zinc chloride as an inorganic salt and polaprezinc as an organic com-pound.Polaprezinc［N-(3- aminopropionyl)-Lhistidinato zinc］,a chelating compound of zinc ion and L- carnosine,is commonly used in the treatment of gastric ulcers in Japan.7 In addition,we carried out a pilot study to examine the therapeutic effects of polapr- ezinc on pressure ulcer healing in elderly bedridden patients receiving long-term standard enteral nutrition because zinc is essential for the wound-healing process.

Background: In 1904, Monkeberg was first described about the coronary calcification which is the degenerative change that occurs with aging process, but the last decades many studies have been confirmed that coronary calcification was an active process same as the signaling pathways with bone mineralization. Coronary calcification increases the risk of myocardial infarction during bypass graft surgery and PCI (СМ СN. Shanahan, 1999). Goal: To evaluate Agatston Coronary Artery Calcium score using contrast enhanced CT-Coronary angiography. Objectives:
1. To assess Agatston Coronary Artery Calcium score
2. Age and gender relationship of coronary calcification Materials and Methods: We evaluated total 215 patients who were admitted to the Reference center of Diagnostic Imaging named after R.Purev State Laureate, People’s physician and Honorary Professor of the Third State Central Hospital awarded with the Red banner of the Labor diagnosed with the coronary calcification by contrast enhanced 64 slice CT (Philips Ingenuity CT 64) between 2020 to 2022. Patient’s age was considered into 6 groups and coronary calcification was assessed by Agatston’s score. The result of our study determined by common statistical averages and errors and probabilities of the indicators were determined by Student’s criteria. Result: When evaluating Agatston coronary artery calcium scoring by CT-coronary angiography, 11-400 Agatston score was predominantly in our study with p value of (P<0.001). Considering relationship of age and gender, coronary calcification occurs 42.3% of patients aged 50-69, male and female ratio was 1.7:1. Conclusions
1. We established Agatston coronary calcification 11-400 was occurred in 66.96% of the patients.
2. Coronary calcification predominantly occurred in 65% patients aged 50-69 years.