Background:One of the soil pollution assessment criterions is bacterial contamination. Soil bacterial contamination has negative impact on water, air, food stuff, human health as well as soil biological activity and soil purification process. The soil of populated area is contaminated by animal and human solid and liquid wastes, dead plants and industrial and household drainage water. Soil becomes a source harboring and transmitting pathogens due to the fact that pathogens are transmitted to the soil by the wastes of patients, human and animal corpses (dead bodies) died of infectious diseases, plants and water. Since it is difficult to detect pathogens from outside environment, the level of soil bacterial contamination is determined by the way of detecting medically important group of bacteria such as E.coli, Cl.perfringens, Proteus and thermophilic bacteria. Aim:Our survey objective is to determine level of soil contamination of Ulaanbaatar, Erdenet, Darkhan city’s by using microbiological method. Results and Discussion:1.Microbiological characteristics of soil bacterial quantitative assessment of the cities surveyed in Ulaanbaatar, all soil samples, Darkhan city, 72.2% and Erdenet, 54.5% belong to higher contamination levels. In 2009, Ulaanbaatar the result of E.coli titer 0.004, anaerobic titer 0,001 and thermophilic bacterial number 28,8 x10 c/g revealed.2.Compared to the average Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan city colon E.coli average titer of 1.25 times and anaerobic-titer 2 times and thermophilic bacteria was less than 1.6 times the number of a city for these parameters 1.5 times and 2 times and 1.5 timesis low.

Abstract: CHUN-7 a Mongolian traditional recipe consisting of 7 medicinal plants is described in the scripture named “༆༆ །།གཡུ་ཐོག་པའི་མཛད་པའི་རིམས སྲུང་ཁྱུ་ལྔ་རྒྱམ་ཏོན་གསལ་བ །།”. The ingredients including Caowu (Radix Aconiti kusnezoffii, CW) and Glehniae Radix (GR) have the effects of suppressing pneumonia, viral pneumonia, relieving pain, stimulating the immune system and reducing fever. The present study was aimed to determine acute and chronic toxicity properties of traditional drug. Materials and methods: CHUN 7 traditional drug were prepared in the traditional medicine sector of the Drug research Institute of Monos group. All WISTAR rats were kept in the same feed, under 12 hours lighting and 12 hours darkness housing. The study of acute and chronic toxicity of CHUN-7 traditional drug was studied by using IP and oral administration were performed on ten WISTAR rats and continued for a total of 28 days with 102.9 mg / kg dose (calculated from human dose: 16.7 mg/kg) in accordance with the WHO General Guidelines for the Evaluation and Study of Traditional Medicine. Results: The result showed no structural changes in the internal organs according to tissue morphology when we administrated CHUN-7 traditional drug. Conclusion This study showed CHUN-7 traditional drug has no toxic effects to internal organs including liver, kidney, stomach, lungs and heart. Therefore, CHUN-7 traditional drug has potential to use orally without any toxicology.

Background: To prevent and combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Government of Mongolia has implemented measures such as movement and time restrictions, social distancing and isolation, closure of schools, kindergartens and public places, immunization, and others. It has caused adverse consequences for people, social relations, and the economy, causing health, social, economic, and humanitarian crises. Not only does this situation, medical students, as frontline healthcare workers, are more susceptible to virus infection. Vaccines against COVID-19 have been researched quickly due to the pandemic and are being used under emergency use authorization. In our country the approach of mixing vaccine doses from different manufacturers was used (fractional doses). Therefore, there is no study on the exposure of medical students to the COVID-19 infection and the adverse effects after receiving a dose of a heterologous vaccine. Objective: To study the exposure to the COVID-19 infection and vaccination status of medical students. Methods: The survey was conducted from November 2023 to December 2023 using a cross-sectional study design, and 170 students who study at ASUSU and live in the dormitory were included. Results: A total of 170 students participated in the study. 55.9% (n=95) of them were in the first year, 22.4% (n=38) were in the second year, 10% (n=17) were in the third year, 7.6% (n=13) were in the fourth year, 2.4% (n=4) were from the 5th year and 1.8% (n=3) were from the 6th year students. 88.2% (n=150) of students were female and 11.8% (n=20) were male. In this study, 37.1% of the students were infected by COVID-19 infection previously. Among them, 50% of the students were infected from family members, 16.7% from the school environment, and 15.2% did not know about the source of infection. 76.2% of the respondents were diagnosed with COVID-19 in a medical institution, and forty-one students answered that they were treated at the hospital. 83% of the cases were treated at home and were cured within 14 days. In contrast, 93.8% of the hospitalized students were treated within four months to 1 year. The current study demonstrates neurological, respiratory, sensory, cardiovascular, psychiatric, digestive, and dermatological symptoms were in 37.6%, 24.1%, 27.6%, 17.6%, 11.8%, 11.2%, and 10% of the students who participated in the study, respectively. For a year or more, symptoms of all organ systems were present, but neurological symptoms appeared to be the highest. 55.9% (n=115) of the enrolled students received 3 or 4 doses of the vaccine, 3.5% (n=6) did not receive the vaccine. In total, 35% (n=60) of the enrolled students experienced side effects and 65% (n=106) had no side effects. Conclusion In this study, 37.1% of the students were infected by COVID-19 infection previously. According to the current study, symptoms related to the nervous system was the most prevalent and 55.9% (n=115) of the enrolled students received 3 or 4 doses of the vaccine. In total, 35% (n=60) of the enrolled students experienced side effects.

Introduction: Air pollution has become one of the major problems in socio-economic and health issues in Mongolia. Among the various hazards of particulate matter (PM) pollutants, microorganisms in PM2.5 and PM10 are thought to be responsible for various allergies and for the spread of respiratory diseases. Recent studies have shown that PM2.5 particles can cause chronic heart failure, heart arrhythmias, and strokes, as well as lung damage, cirrhosis, inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, some studies have concluded that PM2.5 particles in the environment are a risk factor for gastrointestinal, liver, colon, and lung cancer as well as it affects the growth and metastasis of various cancer cells caused by other factors. In our country, the health effects of air pollution and the relationship between the pathogenesis of cancer research are scarce. Therefore, the study of the effects of PM2.5 particles on cancer cell proliferation, migration (metastasis) can provide a significant role for cancer treatment, diagnosis, and prevention. Purpose: Determining the effects of PM2.5 particles on cancer cell proliferation, migration (metastasis) in in-vitro Material and Methods: A human liver cancer cell line (HepG2), human gastric cancer cell line (AGS) were obtained from the central scientific research laboratory in the Institute of medical sciences. HepG2, AGS cells were seeded at a concentration of 1*105 cells/mL in a culture flask and cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% antibiotic mix (penicillin, streptomycin) in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 °C. The cytotoxic effect of PM 2.5 in AGS, HepG2 cells were evaluated by MTT, CCK8 assays. AGS, HepG2 cells were incubated in 96 well plates for 24h then treated with different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg ) of Bayankhoshuu, Buhiin urguu, and Zaisan samples for 24h, respectively. Results: Concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 μg/ml of samples collected from the Bukhiin urguu and Zaisan in March increased HepG2 cell growth, while doses of 25, 50 μg/ml of samples collected from Bayankhoshuu in March and December increased HepG2 cell growth. Therefore, concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/ml of samples collected from Bayankhoshuu in March increased AGS cell growth, while concentrations of 25, 100 and μg/ml of samples collected in December increased AGS cell growth. However, no cytotoxic effect was observed in the sample collected from Zaisan in March, whereas the PM2.5 sample enhanced AGS cell growth in dose dependent manner in December.(p <0.05) Conclusion High levels of heavy metals were detected in samples collected in December from Bayankhoshuu, Bukhiin urguu and Zaisan of Ulaanbaatar. Concentration of 25 μg/ml of samples collected from the Bukhiin urguu and Zaisan in March increased HepG2 cell growth. Concentrations of 25 μg/ml of PM2.5 collected from three regions around Ulaanbaatar increased HepG2 and AGS cell migration.