with the aim of how to explore the high effective proved recipes of chinese medicine, our research laboratory tried to propose that one may find out the corresponding diagnosis in term of western medicine as precisely as possible on the basis of the leading symptoms or leading signs which could be afforded by the case report on ideal cure with traditional medicine, and then correlate this diagnosis regularly with the high effective treatment. Therefore, not only the rich data about such diagnosis may be used to extend knowledge of the disease under study, but also a high effective recipe specific to the recorded disease can be obtained at first, then tested in practice. This paper describes two practical examples to illustrate the analytic Processes. One was to explore both acupuncture method and medical prescription for curing the rheumatoid arthritis complicated by subcutaneous nodules, and the other to identify the yam medical drink for treating the phosphaturia coming from the constitutional anomaly.

The skeletal muscle materials sectioned from 20 cases of patients were histologically examined, who had all died of Kerschen disease. In addition to the simple atrophy and the hyaline degeneration which are generally regarded as lesions often found by autopsy of Kerschen disease, special types of muscle damage and reparation were noticed and described in the musculus gastrocnemius in 6 cases out of them, namely the myofibrillar dissociation of the muscle fibers and the connective tissue growth extending from the periphery to the internal part of the individual muscle fiber. The dissociated and even the necrotic muscle fibers could be distinctly limited within the area of the foci, while beyond the edge of the foci muscle fibers still remained almost unchanged. In the case of reparation the mesenchymatous elements in some region displayed their active action of ground substance production on the surface of the damaged fibers. But it was more noteworthy that a rare phenomenon happened: connective tissue growth got increased from outside into inside of the individual muscle fibers and at the same time it substituted for the position of the lost muscular substance. Thus in the cross section of a single complete muscle fiber muscular mass and connective tissue including its blood capillaries did stand side by side with an obvious contrast after the staining. This evidence naturally leads to the suggestion that a process of sarcolemmolysis may occur and allow the continuity of the connective tissue between the exterior and interior of a single muscle fiber. The disbanding of myofibrils within focus can also be explained by lysis of the sarcolemma and of its invagination, the transverse tubule system. In fact, it has not to be suggested, but was virtually revealed in electron microscopy, that sarcolemma of the damaged muscle fiber was lost. In place of the lost myofibrils a filamentous network was produced, which contained perhaps collagen stainable with aniline blue in Mallory's trichrome methode used for light microscopy. Theory of metaplasia about the reparation after the skeletal muscle lesions is however not supported by our observations. Besides, no regular correlation can be established between these special pathological changes of skeletal muscle and the Kerschen disease.

Objective:To systematically assess the value of 2 dimension color Doppler ultrasound(2D-CDUS) in diagnosis,surgical treatment and interventional therapy of carotid artery stenosis. Methods: Twenty seven carotid stenosis patients were examined before and after operation with 2D-CDUS. The morphology and hemodynamic of carotid artery were detected. Results: Pre-operative examination showed that there were 17 cases with stenosis degree being 50%-70%, 2 cases 71%-79%, 5 cases 80%-90%, 3 cases 90%-99%. Twelve cases were operated on with carotid endarterectomy(CEA), 15 cases with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent(PTAS). After operation all the vessels with CEA were patent, colored well and blood velocity was close to normal. Residual intima was observed floating in the blood vessel in only one patient. In the patients treated by PTAS, the location and courser of the stents were normal,and the vessels were patent. Conclusion: 2D-CDUS is convenient to use and non-invasive, which can assess extracranial carotid stenosis accurately before operation, assess the curative effect and detect the complications after operation.

Objective:To assess the value of Transcranial Two Dimensional Color Doppler Ultrasound(TC-2D-CDUS) in diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis and in follow-up study after surgical treatment.Methods: Thirteen patients with carotid artery stenosis, who were excluded from vertebral or intracranial diseases, were detected before and after operation with TC-2D-CDUS. Results: TC-2D-CDUS indicated that 2 patients' image were not satisfactory, and the blood velocity of middle cerebral artery (MCA) in the same side of lesion was lowered to different extents in the other 11 patients. The waveform was blunted in 3 patients with their systolic peak disappeared, acceleration time prolonged, and the direction of the anterior cerebral artery(ACA) in the same side inverted.After operation,TC-2D-CDUS indicated that MCA blood velocity and the direction of ACA were normal. The blood distribution was symmetric in bilateral brains. Conclusion: TC-2D-CDUS can provide intracranial hemodynamic information. It can be used in the follow-up study after operation,helping to make accurate judgement and discover complications.

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This study examines the effect of isovolemic hemodilution on cerebral ischemia of thromboembolism for 24 hours in 71 Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into a hemodilution and a control group. At the end of 2 hr hemodilution, the hematocrit was reduced from 49.4?3.5% to 39.3?3.7% (n=43)。The rCBF of the embolized hemisphere increased by 10.95 (n=16, P

This experiment was carried out to demonstrate substance P (SP) and VIP in mast cells in human skin by double immunoenzymatic staining, and to examine SP, VIP and serotonin in mast cells in mouse skin by dual immunoflourescence method. The results were as follows:1. There were three types of mast cells in human skin by double immunoenzymatic staining: i. e. SP immunoreactive mast cells, VIP immunoreactive mast cells and mast cells with coexistence of SP and VIP. In comparison with toluidine blue staining, 8.32％ of mast cells were VIP immunoreactive; 14.51％ were SP immnuoreactive; 7.71％ were SP and VIP coexistence cells.2. Similar to human skin, SP, VIP immunoreactive mast cells and mast cells with coexistence of SP and VIP were found in mouse skin by dual immunoflourescence. They were 12.7％, 7.9％, and 10.3% of she toluidine bleu positive mast cells, respectively, which acounted to about 24.6％ of the toluidine blue positive mast cells.The possible significance of these results were discussed.

Objective To systematically review the efficacy and safety of acupuncture and moxibustion at Fenglong point (ST40) for the treatment of hyperlipemia.Methods Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, EMbase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, CBM and WanFang Data, assisted by manual retrieval, and the RCTs of comparative study on acupuncture and moxibustion at Fenglong point and oral administration drugs were included. Data were extracted and evaluated by two reviewers independently with a specially-designed extraction form. The Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.0 software was used for Meta analysis.Results A total of 6 RCTs involving 701 patients were included. The results of Meta analysis showed that the total effective rate in acupuncture and moxibustion at Fenglong point for the treatment of hyperlipemia was similar with statins medicine or Xuezhikang capsule. Acupuncture Fenglong point and statins medicine had significant difference in decreasing cholesterol and increasing HDL-C, with less side effects.Conclusion Acupuncture at Fenglong point is safe and effective in the treatment of hyperlipemia, but still needs more high-quality RCTs for confirmation.

Objective To summarize our experience in the management of calculous atrophic cholecystitis by laparoscopic choleycystectomy(LC). Methods 56 cases of calculous atrophic cholecystitis treated by LC from 1997 to 2000 were analyzed retrospectively. Results 52 cases treated by LC including antergrade resection in 39 ones, retrograde resection in 13 ones were successfully completed. 4 patients were converted to open cholecystectomy, 3 of whom underwent choledochotomy and T-tube drainage. There was abdominal cavity drainage in 8 cases. 56 patients were an cured. Bile leakage occurred in 2 cases, and the patients were cured by conservative treatment. Conclusions It's key point to perform LC successfully for patients with calculous atrophic cholecystitis by getting well known of the junction site of ampulla and cystic duct, selecting indications of LC strictly, converting to open operation as necessary and putting preventive drainage- tube.

AIM To analyze the effects of glycyrrhetic acid (GA) on c-fos expression and cell proliferation in rat vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), and to figure out the mechanisms of binding GA to angiotensin Ⅱ(AⅡ) receptor. METHODS Primary cell culture of rat VSMC, Northern blot, TdR incorporation DNA assay and MTT assay were used in this study. RESULTS ① GA at both low (1?10 -9 mol?L -1) and high concentration (1?10 -5 mol?L -1) quickly induced c-fos expression in VSMC. Sar-AⅡ(1?10 -5 mol?L -1)inhibited both GA induced and AⅡ (1?10 -5 mol?L -1) induced c-fos expression. GA enhanced AⅡ induced c-fos expression at both low and high concentration in VSMC. ② Low level of GA stimulated the proliferation of VSMC. This stimulatory effect decreased with increasing GA concentration, and changed to be inhibitory at high concentration of GA. Not only did Sar-AⅡ eliminate the stimulatory effect of low concentration of GA on cell proliferation, it also eliminated the inhibitory effect of high concentration of GA. Low concentration of GA enhanced the stimulation of AⅡon cell proliferation, while the inhibitory effect of high concentration of GA on cell proliferation was relieved by adding 1?10 -7 mol?L -1 AⅡ. CONCLUSION This study suggests that GA activates transcription factor c-fos and promotes the proliferation of VSMC. GA may exert its effects on cells through AT 1 receptor since it induces similar changes as AⅡ and its effects can be inhibited by AT 1 receptor antagonist.