Objective To induce a line of Plasmodium berghei with resistance to artemisinin. Methods The major methods included blood transmission from passage to passage and progressive increase of drug pressure. Results The resistant lines were developed by different protocols: (A) The initial dosage of artemisinin was 126\^2 mg/kg which was increased by 60 mg/kg for the next passage and boosted by 126\^2 mg/kg for every other passage. As developed to passage 60 and 76, the resistant index was 18\^39∶1 and 14\^89∶1 respectively, then decreased gradually. For passage 108, the dosage was 8 862\^5 mg/kg, but the resistant index was only 10\^49∶1. (B) Using passage 66 from (A) as the source, a dosage of 4 000 mg/kg was given each week, the resistance of the passage 40 increased significantly with an index of 27\^5∶1. (C) Using passage 19 of (B) as the source, drug was administered at the dose of 2 000 mg/kg each week. The resistant index of passage 15 was 17\^41∶1. \{ Conclusion \} Line of P.berghei with medium level resistance to artemisinin was established.

OBJECTIVETo analyze and summarize the characteristics and treatment of acute spinal cord decompression sickness. To explore the factors that influence the treatment effect.

METHODS77 cases of acute spinal cord decompression sickness patients should be divided into 4 groups according to the pressurized treatment and drug treatment options. They were group I, group II, group III and group IV. At the same time they were get hyperbaric oxygen therapy and other treatment. The evaluation index, were Frankel function classification and paraplegia index. There were 17 factors that affected the treatment effect.

RESULTSThe rate of early cure was 57.14% (44/77). The rate of late cure was 74.03% (57/77). Their difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In 3 months and 1 year the cure rate of group IV and group B were the highest. But there was no difference between them(P>0.05). They were higher than group ii and group I (P<0.05). The Frankel function classification in 3months and 1 year in each group was higher than before treatment (P<0.05). The paraplegia index in 3 months and 1 year in each group was lower than before treatment (P<0.05). In 3 months and 1 year the Frankel function classification was increased gradually and the paraplegia index was decreased gradually in group I , group II, group III (P<0.05). In group IV and group III the Frankel function and the paraplegia index had not significant difference (P>0.05). Among the 17 factors that affect the treatment effect there are 9 factors that affect the proportion of the large.

CONCLUSIONSThe first choice of treatment method for the patients with acute spinal cord decompression sickness would be group III. Drug therapy was also imporpant. At the same time the hyperbaric oxygen therapy and other treatments were taken. Although the cure rate was not high in this article. But most of the cure is within 3 months. Within 1 year.the cure rate still could be improved. 9 factors that affect the efficacy of acute spinal cord decompression sickness was more noteworthy.

Decompression Sickness ; therapy ; Diving ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Paraplegia ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Spinal Cord ; physiopathology

Objective To investigate the effects and signal transduction pathway of vasonatrin peptide(VNP),a novel man-made natriuretic peptide,on hepatic fibrosis.Methods Mice were injec ted with carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)for 12 weeks,with or without VNP treatment in the last 6 weeks.HE staining and Sirius red staining were performed to evaluate the status of hepatic fibrosis.In vitro after treatment of VNP,and DNA and collagen synthesis of cultured HSC-T6 hepatic stellate cells were assessed by[3H]-thymidine and[3H]proline incorporation,respectively.The signaling pathway involved was identified by radioimmunoassay to detect the levels of intracellular cGMP,and by mimicking experiments using 8-br-cGMP(a membrane-permeable cGMP analog).Blocking experi ments were performed using HS-142-1,an antagonist of guanylyl cyclase-coupled natriuretic peptide receptor(NPR),or KT-5823,the cGMP-dependent protein kinase(PKG)inhibitor.Results VNP markedly alleviated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice.In vitro,HSC-T6 cells demonstrated a dosedependent reduction of DNA and collagen synthesis in the presence of VNP.In addition,VNP significantly increased intracellular levels of cGMP.The effects of VNP were mimicked by 8-br-cGMP,but they were inhibited by HS-142-1,or KT-5823.Conclusion VNP ameliorated liver fibrosis by inhibiting collagen production from hepatic stellate cells via guanylyl cyclase-coupled NPR/cGMP/PKG signal pathway,indicating that VNP might be a new effective agent in the treatment of liver fibrosis.

Objective To observe the effects of phlorizin on aorta of diabetes db/db mice and to explore its mechanism.Methods Sixteen diabetes db/db mice were randomized into two groups:untreated diabetic group (DM group) and diabetic group treated by phlorizin(DMT group) with eight db/m mice as normal control group(CC group).Phlorizin (20 mg/kg) was given in normal saline solution intragastrically to the mice of the DMT group for 10 weeks.Mice of the other two groups were given the same amount of saline solution intragastrically for 10 weeks.Animals were weighed weekly.At 10th weekend,all mice were fasted overnight and then sacrificed.Fasting blood was collected,and aortas were dissected.The blood samples were analyzed for fasting blood glucose (FBG),triglycerides (TG),total cholesterol (TC),Serum advanced glycation end products(AGEs)and malondialdehyde (MDA).Aortic tissue were examined microscopically.Results At 10th weekend,the weight (57.53±3.40)g and serum concentration of FBG(31.21±2.16) mmol/L,TG (0.39±0.12) mmol/L,TC(3.15±0.30)mmol/L,AGEs (0.28±0.04) AU/mg and MDA (15.18± 1.60)mol/L in DM group were increased than those in CC group (P＜0.01),and the weight(54.24± 1.28)g,FBG(29.17±1.41) mmol/L,TG(0.26±0.06) mmol/L,TC(2.71±0.26) mmol/L,AGEs (0.24±0.03) AU/mg and MDA(13.46±1.28)mol/L were lowered significantly in DMT group than those in DM group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The severity of aorta damage in DMT group was less than that in DM group.Conclusions Phlorizin can protect the db/db mice from diabetic macrovascular complications,which may be attributed to its decreasing of blood glucose,TG,TC,and AGEs levels,and its antioxidant potential.

[Objective] To investigate the clinical characteristics and blood transfusion status of patients of liver cirrhosis and analyze its rationality.[Methods] We designed questionnaires to collect the data of patients admitted with liver cirrhosis including clinical features,blood transfusion,smoking,drinking and other living habits.We follow up the patients and analyze the blood transfusion rationality.[Results] Data on 198 patients was collected.34.8％ (69/198) of all patients were transfused at least one blood component.Total blood transfusion was 371 times,of which 52.2％ of the blood transfusion cases (36/69) were transfused with two or more blood during hospitalization.Among the 69 cases of blood transfusion,11 cases were treated with the first blood transfusion for the purpose of treatment and 58 cases for prevention.18 of those cases were infused with red blood cells of 90.5 units.54.55 ％ (60/110) and 60.91％ (67/110) of patients who had a pre-transfusion INR＞1.3 did not receive plasma.2.27％ (2/88) of patients who had a pre-transfusion INR≤1.3 received plasma.29.41％ (5/17)who had a pre-transfusion fib≤1.0 received cryoprecipitate.3.87％(7/181) who had a pre-transfusion fib＞1.0 received cryoprecipitate.[Conclusions] Blood transfusion is common in patients with liver cirrhosis.Empirical and preventive blood transfusion is common also.We should take a more scientific restrictive blood transfusion strategy.

Groups of mice were administered intragastrically either with primaquine alone or in combination with pyronaridine. The number of mice died in groups treated by pyronaridine 293-507 mg/kg combined with primaquine 50 mg/kg were not more than those in group by primaquine alone, but significantly less than those in groups by combination of chloroquine 102-253 mg/kg and primaquine. The tests of primary tissue schizontocidal activity in rhesus monkeys inoculated, with Pladmodium cynomolgi sporozoitcs showed that all monkeys were cured either by treatment of ig primaquine alone, 3 mg/kg/d ? 3, or by a single im dose of pyronaridine 10 mg/kg combined with primaquine starting on the day of infection. No influence of pyronaridine on primaquine was observed in P. yoelii sporozoites-infected mice.

AIM:To investigate the effects of celecoxib on viability , apoptosis and autophagy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines HL-60 and HL-60A.METHODS:The HL-60 cells and HL-60A cells were cultured with vari-ous concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100μmol/L) of celecoxib.The inhibitory effect of celecoxib on the cell viabil-ity was evaluated by MTT assay .Apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin-V/PI staining.Apoptosis-related and autophagy-relat-ed proteins were determined by Western blot .RESULTS:IC50 of celecoxib were 49.4 μmol/L, 32.0 μmol/L and 25.1μmol/L for HL-60 cells treated with celecoxib for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively.For HL-60A cells, the corresponding IC50 were 69.1 μmol/L, 42.5 μmol/L and 29.6 μmol/L, respectively.The results of flow cytometry analysis showed the proportions of Annexin-Ⅴ+PI-, Annexin-Ⅴ+PI+and Annexin-Ⅴ-PI+cells were increased in the HL-60 cells, and those of Annexin-Ⅴ+PI-and Annexin-Ⅴ+PI+cells were increased in the HL-60A cells treated with celecoxib for 24 h. After treated with celecoxib , the induction of apoptosis was observed , the apoptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP were upregulated , the autophagy-related proteins LC3 II and P62 were both increased , and mTOR, p-mTOR, 4-EBP and p-4-EBP were not changed , indicating that celecoxib inhibited autophagy in the AML cells without the mTOR pathway involvement .CONCLUSION:Celecoxib inhibits the viability of HL-60 cells and HL-60A cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner by its effects of inducing apoptosis and necrosis .Celecoxib inhibits mTOR-independent autoph-agy in AML cells, indicating a possible way of using celecoxib for enhancing the antitumor activity of therapeutic agents to induce cytoprotective autophagy in the AML cells .

Objective To study the prevalence of hypertension in She Chinese population of Fujian province and its epidemiological characteristics. Methods Using random sampling method to take advantage of number table, we select a sample of 5350 people who were conducted a questionnaire survey and measured weight, height, blood pressure and other indicators. Results The prevalence of hypertension in She Chinese population of Fujian province was 36. 09%, including undiagnosed number of 1374 cases. The main risk factors of hypertension were age,the level of education, BMI,saltintake. Smoking was not significant with hypertension. The prevalence rate of hypertension among people over 60 years was 63.10%, people comsumed above 8 grams of salt per day had higher pervalence than that in the goup which comsumed below 6 grams or between 6 grams to 8 grams of salt per day. Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in She had grown rapidly. The She Chinese population should change their lifestyle and hypertension education should perform in this population.

Objective: To design the self-rating scale on basic ability in graduates of preventive medicine major, and test its reliability and validity, providing a reliable tool for evaluating the basic ability of graduates. Methods: On the basis of constructing the Evaluation Index System on Basic Ability in Graduates of Preventive Medicine Major, the three-level indexes were converted to specific questions. Self-evaluation scale including 58 items, 22 sub-dimensions and 8 main dimensions were finally designed after pre-survey and expert argumentation. A total of 205 graduates of preventive medicine major from a medical college and 9 experts in the field of public health were selected to completed the questionnaire. Scale's reliability was tested by applying internal consistency reliability and composite reliability; it's validity was tested by applying content validity and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Scale's α coefficient of internal consistency reliability was 0.976; α coefficient and combination reliability of eight main dimensions were both higher than 0.8; the content validity index S-CVI of the scale was 0.94, the content validity index I-CVI of the item level was 0.78 to 1.00; the average variance extraction amount (AVE) of the eight main dimensions was higher than 0.50. Fitting of the structural model with the item used as observation indexes was reasonable (χ²/df=1.749, RMR=0.036, RMSEA=0.061, NFI=0.801, IFI=0.904, TLI=0.904, CFI=0.903), and the sub-dimension as used observation indexes was good(χ²/df=1.876, RMR=0.032, RMSEA=0.066, NFI=0.913, IFI=0.958, TLI=0.945, CFI=0.957). Conclusion This scale is the first self-rating scale on the basic ability in graduates of preventive medicine major on the basis of the National Standards of Teaching Quality on Public Health and Preventive Medicine, with good reliability and validityl. It is able to achieve quantitative evaluation on graduates' basic abilities.

Objective:To construct a set of evaluation index system for the core ability of preventive medicine graduates to respond to sudden biological public health events.Methods:Research methods such as in-depth interviews and group discussions were used to determine the core competence structure, the Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultation, and the index system and its weights were finally determined based on the consultation results of 21 experts on the system. Excel and SPSS 21.0 were used for data collation and statistical analysis.Results:The positive coefficient of expert consultation was greater than 80%, the authority coefficient was greater than 0.7, and the average was 0.906. The final index system was composed of 4 first-level indicators, 10 second-level indicators, and 39 third-level indicators.Conclusion:The evaluation index system can provide a reference for exploring effective ways to improve the core competence of graduates.