The cDNA fragment of human c—fos oncogene has been obtained by a reverse transcription—DNA poly-merase chain reaction.Then the cDNA was ligated into pGEM3Zf(+)plasmid cut with Sma Ⅰ.with the re-combined plasmid,c—fos antisense RNA was synthesized in T7 RNA polymerase system.The primary appli-cation of anti-sense RNA is also studied in this article.

Natural products were the material basis of drug discovery and drug screening, and high-performance techniques were the important prerequisite of earning hits. In this paper, we reviewed the current situation and future prospects of drug screening, including the pharmaceutical environment, the challenges facing drug discovery, the screening tools and the methods of generating analogs.

Thrombin activated fibrinolysis inhibitor ( TAFI) is a kind of plasma enzymes that can be activated by thrombin.TAFI regulates blood coagulation and fibrinolysis and has a strong fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory ac-tivity.Its inhibitor is expected to minimize the risk of bleeding when thrombolytic recanalization .Also, studies found that TAFI played an important role in the development of cerebral thrombosis;atherosclerosis and so on .

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD),a common inherited disease,is characterized by massive enlargement of fluid-filled renal cysts.Progressively enlarging cysts compromise normal renal parenchyma,reduce renal function and lead to renal failure.Up to now,the treatment options for ADPKD have been limited to renal replacement therapy by dialysis or by transplantation for patients with end-stage renal failure.Inhibition of cyst fluid secretion,suppression of cyst epithelial cell growth and prevention of renal failure are new approaches to treat PKD.

Aquaporins are small integral membrane proteins that selectively transport water and some small solutes in mammals, plants and lower organisms. Continued studies of the aquaporins are providing detailed tissue localization and the important physiological roles of aquaporins in urinary, respiratory, digestive and nervous systems. Based on the importance of aquaporin studies in the field of structural chemistry in biomembranes, American scientist Peter Agre won the 2003 Chemistry Nobel Prize for the discovery of water channels.

Objective To study the expression and regulation of aquapofins (AQP) in cystic epithelial cells of jck mice with polycystic kidney disease. Methods Localization and regulation of AQP1, AQP2, AQP3 and AQP4 protein were analyzed by using the immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results Kidneys of jck homozygous mice were 4 folds larger than those of litter matched wild-type mice. There were multiple cysts and fibrosis in the renal tissue of jck mice. The epithelial cells in cysts were flat in shape. Blood urea level in jck mice was (42.6 ± 6.7) mmol/L, which was 5 folds higher than that in wild-type mice [(8.4±1.9) mmol/L] (P<0.01). Immunofluorescence analysis showed that AQP1 was expressed in the apical and hasolatend membranes of epithelial cells in proximal tubules, as well as in the thin descending limb of Henle and endothelial cells of descending vasa recta. There was no AQP1 expression in epithelial cells of cysts. AQP2 was expressed in the apical membranes of collecting ducts and renal cysts. AQP3 and AQP4 were expressed in basolateral membranes of collecting duct and renal cystic epithelial cells of jck mice. Western blot analysis showed the same protein sizes of AQP1, AQP2, AQP3 and AQP4 in both jck and wild-type kidneys. However, AQP1 expression was down-regulated in jck kidneys (P<0.01). Conclusion The renal cystic epithelia expresses AQP2, AQP3 and AQP4, which indicates that epithelial cells in renal cysts are derived from renal collecting ducts in jck mice and aquaporins may play an important role in renal cyst development.

10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2013.12.015

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseases are a large family of inherited diseases,which are characterized by the development of multiple renal cysts of tubular epithelial cell origin. Progressively enlarging cysts compromise normal renal parenchyma,reduce renal function and lead to renal failure. This review article summarizes recent literatures on the intracellular calcium homeostasis and signaling involving cAMP,EGFR and Ras/ERK,Wnt,m-TOR,as well as JAK-STAT,in the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease.

Objective:To detect the expressions of urea transporter B (UT-B) in tumor tissue of bladder cancer patients and normal urothelium tissue, and to investigate its clinical significance of expression in bladder cancer tissue.Methods: Fifty-two paraffin-embedded specimens of bladder cancer patients and 15 normal urothelium specimens were selected. The expression levels of UT-B protein were detected by immunohistochemistry method.The difference of expression of UT-B in bladder cancer tissue and normal urothelium tissue and its relationship with the clinicopathological parameters were analyzed.Results:The expression rate of UT-B protein in bladder cancer tissue was 44.2%, while it was significantly higher in control group (93.3%), and the difference between two groups was significant (P=0.001).The positive expression rates of UT-B in bladder cancer tissue were significantly decreased with the increasing of histological grades, and there were significant differences between different grade groups (P=0.010).The positive expression rate of UT-B in muscle-invasive stage (Ta+T1) was significantly lower than that in non-muscle-invasive stage (T2+T3) (P=0.014).Conclusion:The reduction or lack of UT-B expression may promote the incidence, progression and invasiveness of bladder cancer.

AIM: To find out whether different dosage of rare earth element-lanthanum can influence the expression of aquaporin 7(AQP 7) in the testis of rats. METHODS:Rats were fed with lanthanum nitrate ［La(NO3)3］ and killed 6 months later. Testes were then removed immediately to extract total RNA. Northern blot analysis is performed finally. RESULTS:0.1 mg/kg La(NO3)3 depressed the expression of AQP 7 in rat testis, while 20 mg/kg La(NO3)3 had no significant effect on it. CONCLUSION: AQP 7 expession is found in the rat testis; La(NO3)3 can depress the expression of AQP 7 in the rat testis.