Objective To evaluate the treatment of ureteral stones with pneumatic lithotripter under ureterscopy and the prevention of complications. Methords 43 cases of ureteral stones that had been treated with pneumatic lithotripter under ureteroscopy was reviewed. Results 93.0%(40/43)of the stones were fragmented on one session,93.0%(40/43)of the stones were expelled within 7 days afer the procedure.No complications occurred. Conclusions Treatment of ureteral stones with pneumatic lithotripter under ureterscopy is safe and effecive.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Yiqi Huayu Recipe on neurons in neuromuscular junction after L5 nerve root compression in rats. METHODS: By using immunohistochemistry, confocal laser scanning techniques and protein gene product 9.5 as a neuronal marker, the motor endplates were visualized with fluorescein-conjugated alpha-BTX. The effect of Yiqi Huayu Recipe on nerve terminals of neuromuscular junction at 10, 20, 30, 60 days after L5 nerve root compression was observed in rat soleus muscles during regeneration. The overlap areas of terminals and endplates were measured with NIH image technique. RESULTS: As for the aggregates, sprouts, extension of nerve terminal during regeneration, the connecting speed and range of nerve terminal with endplates, as well as the reformation of neuromuscular junctions during regeneration, Yiqi Huayu Recipe group was better than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: Yiqi Huayu Recipe can promote the hyperplasia of neurons and enhance the regeneration function. It also can accelerate the neuromuscular junction reformation and shorten the process of regeneration.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Huzhangyuzhuo decoction on treating chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CPPS).Methods:46 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group(n=10) and experiment group(n=36).The CPPS rat model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine and subcutaneous injection of puri ed prostate protein with FCA suspension.Rats in experiment group were subdivided into model group,Chinese medicine group and western medicine group(n=12).After 30 days of treatment,pathology changes of prostate were observed,and levels of IL-1?,COX-2,PGE2,?-EP in prostate homogenate were measured by ELISA.Results:Huzhangyuzhuo decoction greatly reduced the in ammation of prostate and relieved the structure damage.At the same time,Huzhangyuzhuo decoction can decrease the level of IL-1?,COX-2,PGE2 and increase level of ?-EP.Conclusions:Huzhangyuzhuo decoction might treat CPPS by regulating of cytokines in the prostate,depressing in ammation and relieving structure damage.

Objective To finding out the characters of vascular remolding after the establishment of native arteriovenous fistula on the wrist,and exploring the influential factors.Methods Doppler ultrasound was used to monitor the diameter of cephalic vein,brachial artery,radial artery and ulnar artery at the time before the surgery and one day,one week,two weeks,four weeks and eight weeks after the surgery respectively.The tendency of the diameter change was analyzed.Results Twenty eight patients completed the whole monitor session,in which eleven were female.The average age of those patients was (53.68 ± 2.61) years old.Twelve of them were diabetic nephropathy.The diameters of all vessel were increased more rapidly at the first day than any other days after surgery(all P ＜ 0.01).The patients were divided into two groups depending on whether diabetic nephropathy.No significant difference was found between the two groups on the tendency of diameter change in cephalic vein and brachial artery (all P ＞ 0.05).However,the tendency of diameter change in radial artery and ulnar artery was statistically significant difference between the two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Cephalic vein,brachial artery,radial artery and ulnar artery are all apparently dilated on the first day after the surgery.The vascular dilation and diameter increasing become much slower after the period,the diameter tend to be stable.The primary diseases may affect the tendency of the diameter change in radial artery as well as ulnar artery.

Objective To evaluate pathogens and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing refractory pneumonia in children.Methods Children with refractory pneumonia who admitted to a hospital between May 2008 and December 2014 were performed bronchoscopy,and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)were performed bacterial culture and antimicrobial resistance testing.Results 1 693 patients were recruited in the study,273 bacterial isolates were isolated from BALF speci-mens of 226 children,gram-positive bacteria accounted for 38.10% (104/273 ),the main gram-positive bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=71)and Staphylococcus aureus (n=23);gram-negative bacteria accounted for 58.24%(159/273),including 44 isolates of Haemophilus parainfluenzae ,28 Klebsiella pneumoniae ,19 Escherichia coli ,and 17 Pseud-omonas aeruginosa ;10 isolates of fungi were also detected,8 of which were Candida albicans .The sensitivity of Streptococ-cus pneumoniae to quinolones,ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were high.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) positive rate was 26.32%.ESBLs-producing rate of Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 32.72% and 62.96% respectively.Conclusion The major pathogens causing refractory pneumonia were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae ,empirical treatment should be conducted accordingly,antimicrobial resist-ance should be considered if therapeutic effect is poor,and targeted therapy should be performed according to cultured re-sults and antimicrobial susceptibility testing result.

objective To observe the effects of megsin gene transfection on glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs)and the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB),phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase(pERK1/2),transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)and type Ⅳ collagen under high concentration of glucose,and to investigate the impact of megsin gene transfection on the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)siginal pathway. Methods Cultured mesangial cells were divided into seven groups:low glucose group (group A,5.5 mmol/L),high glucose group(group B,30 mmol/L),high glucose plus empty vector group (group C), high glucose plus megsin expression plasmid group (group D), high glucose plus megsin expression plasmids plus U0126 group (group E), high glucose plus megsin siRNA expression plasmids group (group F) and low glucose plus mannitol (24.5 mmol/L,group G). The expressions of megsin, PDGF-BB, pERK1/2, TGF-β1, as well as type Ⅳ collagen in GMCs of each group were detected by Western blotting, after being cultured for 12, 24 and 48 hours respectively. The concentration of type Ⅳ collagen in cell supernatant was measured by radioimmunochemistry. Results Compared with group A, the expression of megsin was increased in GMCs under high glucose medium, with an increase of PDGF-BB, pERK1/2, TGF-β1 in GMCs and type Ⅳ collagen in the supernatants (P＜0.05, respectively). The expression of above indices was in time-dependant manner. The over expression of megsin in exposure to high up-regulated the expression of PDGF-BB, pERK1/2, TGF-β1 and type Ⅳ collagen(P＜0.05, respectively). Compared with group D, the application of U0126 (pERK1/2 inhibitor) had no significant effect on the expression of megsin and PDGF-BB(P＞0.05, respectively). However, the expression of pERK 1/2,TGF-β1 and type Ⅳ collagen were obviously decreased (P＜0.05, respectively). Dowa-regulated expression of megsin by siRNA transfection decreased the expression of PDGF-BB, pERK1/2, TGFβ1 and type Ⅳ collagen(all P＜0.05). Conclusions The expression of megsin and PDGF-BB in GMCs with transfected megsin gene in high glucose medium is increased, possibly in a way of activating ERK signal pathway to some extent that boosts both the expression of TGF-β1 and the production of type Ⅳ collagen. The transfection of megsin siRNA inhibits the expression of obove indices, which probably contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To construct Cox7a2 fluorescent vector and study its effect on cytochrome C oxidase (COX) activity in mouse Sertoli cell line TM4. Methods The coding region of Cox7a2 was amplified from mouse Sertoli cell line TM4 by RT-PCR. The PCR product was inserted into pEYFP-C1 vector with BamH I and EcoR I restriction site, and confirmed by DNA sequencing. The recombinant fusion protein vector was amplified by transforming into DH5a and transfected into TM4 cells. The protein expression was identified by Western blot. COX activity was measured by spectrophotometer 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after the transfection of recombinant vector into the TM4 cell line. Results The entire coding sequence of Cox7a2 was cloned with 252 bp length. Plasmid pEYFP-C1-Cox7a2 vector was constructed and the positive clones were verified by restriction enzymes digestion and DNA sequencing. The transfection efficiency of the TM4 cell line was about 70% and 37000 D fusion protein was obtained. The COX activities were (0.642±0.051), (0.542±0.049), (0.311±0.021) and (0.216±0.010) U/mg 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after the transfection of recombinant vector in the TM4 cell line. Meanwhile, the COX activities were (0.714±0.064) and (0.653±0.031) U/mg in non-tranfected and naked vector group respectively. Compared with the non-tranfected group, COX activity decreased significantly 12, 24 and 48 h after the transfection. Conclusions The recombint plasmid vector was successfully constructed. Cox7a2 gene has an inhibiting effect on COX activity and may play an important role in the regulation of COX activity in mouse Sertoli cell line TM4.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Gegen Recipe and Guizhi Recipe regulating the expression of IL-1beta, iNOS, TNFalpha and TGFbeta mRNA in degenerated intervertebral disk caused by stimulation of wind, cold and damp. METHODS: Thirty-six rabbits were randomly separated into six groups, viz. control group, stimulation by wind, cold and damp group, head in low-location group, compound model group (head in low-location plus stimulation of wind, cold and damp), Gegen Recipe group and Guizhi Recipe group. The gene expression of IL-1beta, iNOS, TNFalpha and TGFbeta mRNA in degenerated cervical intervertebral disks were assayed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, IL-1beta mRNA and iNOS mRNA expression were up-regulated in each model group(P<0.01). Both Gegen Recipe and Guizhi Recipe down-regulated IL-1beta mRNA, iNOS mRNA expression, which had significant differences compared with the stimulation model group(P<0.01 or <0.05). TNFalpha mRNA expression was significantly enhanced in the compound model group compared with the control group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the head in low-location group and the stimulation model group. Gegen Recipe down-regulated TNFalpha mRNA expression compared with the stimulation group(P<0.01),while the effect of Guizhi Recipe was not significant. Compared with the control group, TGFbeta mRNA expression went down in each model group(P<0.01). Gegen Recipe up-regulated TGFbeta mRNA expression(P<0.01), while the effect of Guizhi Recipe on adjusting TGFbeta mRNA was not significant. CONCLUSION: Stimulation by wind, cold and damp, head in low-location, and compound of both can down-regulate the expressions of IL-1beta, iNOS, TNFalpha mRNA, and up-regulate the expression of TGFbeta mRNA. These researches certify that these factors take part in the progression of intervertebral disk degeneration. IL-1beta, iNOS, TNFalpha accelerate the degeneration and TGFbeta defers the degeneration. Gegen Recipe down-regulates the expression of TNFalpha mRNA and up-regulates the expression of TGFbeta mRNA. The effect on regulating the cell factors expressions by Guizhi Recipe is lower than that of Gegen Recipe.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Yiqi Huayu Recipe on peanut agglutinin-binding molecules (PNA-BMs) and Schwann's cells (Sc) of the neuromuscular junction after L5 nerve root compression in rats. METHODS: The rats were given Yiqi Huayu Recipe at the 10th, 20th, 30th and 60th day after L5 nerve root compression. Using immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning techniques, we observed the distributions of PNA-BMs and S-100 in the soleus muscle. The overlap area of PNA-BMs and S-100 was measured with NIH image technique. RESULTS: The extracellular matrix (ECM) recognized by PNA played an important role in guiding the sprouting and extending of the Schwann's cells. The agglomeration, sprouting and extension of the terminal Sc and the overlap area of Sc with PNA-BMs in the Yiqi Huayu Recipe group were better than those in the control group. CONCLUSION: Yiqi Huayu Recipe can promote the growth of ECM and Schwann's cells and accelerate the nerve regeneration process.

Objective To evaluate effects of two different preoperative biliary drainages on patients of malignant obstructive jaundice complicated with acute cholangitis.Methods Retrospective analysis was made on effects of two preoperative biliary drainages of ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) in cases of malignant obstructive jaundice complicated with acute cholangitis.Results Days of preoperative drainage(t =3.217,P ＜ 0.05) and declines of bilirubin level after drainage (t =3.178,P ＜ 0.05) were significantly better in ENBD group (26 cases) than PTCD group (22 cases).There were no significant differences between two groups in operation time length and intraoperative blood loss after drainage.However,postoperative hospital stay (t =2.542,P ＜ 0.05) and overall stay (t =3.172,P ＜ 0.05) were significantly shorter in ENBD group compared with PTCD group.Conclusions When preoperative biliary drainage is indicated in the cases of malignant jaundice before radical surgery,ENBD should be the first choice over DTCD.