Objective To introduce the Chinese version of short Falls Efficacy Scale International (short FES-I) and test its reliability and validity in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods The English version and the traditional Chinese version of short FES-I were ob-tained from the Prevention of Falls Network Europe, and the simplified Chinese version was developed after a further revision. A sample of 105 inpatients with cerebral infarction from December 2014 to May 2015 were recruited from 2 tertiary hospitals in Tianjin. They were in-vestigated with the simplified Chinese version of short FES-I, modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). At the same time, the laboratory indexes of the patients were collected. Results The Cronbach'sαcoefficient of short FES-I was 0.98 and the score of short FES-I was negatively correlated with MFES (r=-0.41, P<0.001). Short FES-I was correlated wtih GAD-7 score (r=0.52, P<0.001), PHQ-9 score (r=0.46, P<0.001) and the level of C reaction protein (r=0.21, P=0.032), but uncorrelated with other laboratory indexes (P>0.05). There was significant difference in the score of short FES-I be-tween the patients with or without falling. Conclusion Short FES-I is valid and internal consistant, and can be used as an assessment tool to screen fear of falling among patients with cerebral infarction.

A novel chemiluminescence (CL) system combined with flow injection analysis for the determination of rutin is presented . It is based on the CL reaction of rutin and hexacyanoferrate*# in sodium hydroxide medium. The proposed method has a linear range of 1×10-4g/mL ～ 1×10-6 g/mL with a RSD of 3.7%(5×10-6g/mL,n=11) and a sample throughput of 60 h-1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of rutin in a pharmaceutical preparation.

Objective To evaluate the influence of a clinical pathway on mean length of hospital stay of ischemic stroke patients. Methods The study performed retrospective cohort study of stroke patients which were hospitalized in the Guangdong provincial hospital of TCM corresponding to the periods immediately before and after the implementation of the clinical pathway. The outcome measure was mean length of hospital stay. Results Mean length of hospital stay was significantly shortened after implementing clinical pathway. Conclusions The implementation of the ischemic stroke clinical pathway can shorten mean length of hospital stay of ischemic stroke patients and improve the utilization of medical source.

ObjectiveTo design the scale of death attitude for Chinese nurses and evaluate its validity and reliability.MethodsThe scale draft was formed through the literature review,the formal scale was got via expert consultation and interview survey of 20 cases of small sample.120 clinical nurses were selected for investigation.Then item analysis,factor analysis,correlation analysis and reliability analysis were applied to establish the scale′s validity and reliability.ResultsThe nursing staff death attitude scale consisted of 25 items,the varimax rotation factor analysis of the scale identified seven principal factors and explained for 63.732％ variances.The correlation coefficient between each item and its domain was 0.498～0.808,the Cronbach′s α coefficient of five domains was 0.595～0.774,the Cronbach′s α and split-half coefficient for the whole scale were 0.824 and 0.868 respectively.ConclusionsThe scale has high reliability and validity,and it can be the effective test instrument for death attitude of nurses in China.

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of fear of falling (FOF) in patients with first ever cerebral infarction. Methods A sample of 105 inpatients with cerebral infarction were recruited from two tertiary hospitals in Tianjin (Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM) to complete this research. They were investigated with the simplified Chinese version of Falls Efficacy Scale International-short (FES-Is), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Barthel Index Rating Scale (BI) and Functional Ambulation Category Scale (FAC). Results The total score of FES-Is was 15.38±7.45. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that age, marital status, fall history, walking ability and anxiety were important factors of FOF. Conclusions Clinical staff should guide the patients with first cerebral infarction especially who had a history of falling to take active and effective measures to deal with their FOF, and pay more attention on patients who was elderly, without a spouse, assisted walking and anxiety, to release their FOF, prevent the falling and promote the functional recovery of patients.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of auditory evoked potential index (AAI) in monitoring the anesthetic depth during isoflurane anesthesia.Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 18-55 years and undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. The patients were unpremedicated. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg, fentanyl 3 μg/kg and propofol 1 mg/kg. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with recuronium 0.1 mg/kg. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT:40 mm Hg. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane inhalation and intermittent intravenous boluses of vecuronium. Isoflurane was started with high-flow (FGF, 3 L/min) for 12 min followed by low-flow (LGF, 0.5 L/min). The inspired isoflurane concentration was set at 3%. The electrocardiogram (ECG), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), end-tidal isoflurane concentration and AAI were continuously monitored during anesthesia and recorded before induction of anesthesia (baseline, To ), immediately after induction (T1), immediately before isoflurane inhalation (T2), at 3 min(T3), 6 min (T4), 9 min (T5) and 12 min (T6) during high-flow wash-in and at the end-tidal isoflurane concentrations of 0.8 MAC (T7), 1.0 MAC (T8) and 1.3 MAC (T9) during low-flow inhalation of isoflurane, respectively.Results AAI decreased gradually while the end-tidal isoflurane concentration increased during high-flow wash-in. And AAI was negatively correlated with the end-tidal isoflurane concentrations ( r = -0.896, P ＜ 0.01 ) during low-flow inhalation of isoflurane anesthesia.

Objective To study the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2) expression of renal cells in epilepsy rats induced by kainic acid,and elucidate the mechanism of renal injury caused by epilepsy.Methods 70 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups:epilepsy group and control group,35 rats in each group.Rat epilepsy model was prepared by injection of kainic acid into amygdala under three-dimensional positioning devices.At different time points(0,2,6,12 and 24 h) after epilepsy spasm,the renal tissue specimens were immediately prepared for immunohistochemistry.The ERK1/2 expression of rat renal cells was calculated and compared with control group.Results The ERK1/2 expression(gray value) of renal tubular epithelial cells in epilepsy rats began to increase gradually after epilepsy spasm.It reached peak at 6 h after epilepsy spasm.The ERK1/2 expression of renal tubular epithelial cells in epilepsy rats was significantly higher than at 0 h(P0.05).There were no major pathological changes in kidney of rats with epilepsy stained with HE.Conclusion ERK1/2 activation may have important role in the renal injury caused by epilepsy.Inhibition of the activation of ERK1/2 may lead to the renal protection.

Purpose:To evaluate the role of multi - detector row CT(MDCT) using reconstruction techniques in the assessment of patients with obstructed diseases of biliary tract.Materials and Methods: 47 Patients with obstructed diseases of biliary tract confirmed clinically underwent MDCT and their reconstructed images of biliary tract including multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) images and curved planar reconstruction(CPR) images were compared with those of 50 patients without obstruction and dilatation of biliary tract.The display effect of biliary duct structure and biliary duct wall and the display ability of biliary tract by MPR and CPR images between the 2 groups were compared and analysed.The reconstruction images of biliary tract were analysed retrospectively to evaluate the location and possible causes of biliary obstruction.Results: The display effect of biliary duct structure and biliary duct wall in MPR and CPR images of the group with biliary obstruction is better than that of control group,and the display ability of biliary tract in CPR images of the group with biliary obstruction is also better than that of control group.The accuracy of localization and cause evaluation of obstruction by MPR and CPR images is 100% and 89.4% respectively.Conclusions: The MPR and CPR images of MDCT provide a good display of biliary duct structure,biliary duct wall and an accurate evaluation of obstruction localization.The reconstruction technique of MDCT such as MPR and CPR should be widely applied in the evaluation of biliary obstruction.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Paris saponin I (PS I) on human gastric carcinoma cell growth and apoptosis and to explore the potential mechanisms. The proliferation of SGC7901 cells was monitored by the MTT cell viability assay, while the nuclear morphology of apoptotic cells was assessed by Hoechst 33258 staining. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the cell cycle progression of propidium iodide (PI)-stained SGC7901 cells and the apoptotic rate of annexin V/PI-stained cells. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of several cell cycle proteins, including cyclin B1 and Cdk1, and the apoptosis-regulated proteins Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, procaspase-9, and procaspase-3. The MTT assay demonstrated that PS I could induce significant dose- and time-dependent inhibition of SGC7901 cell proliferation. Marked morphological changes, including condensation of chromatin, nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic bodies were clearly shown on Hoechst 33258 staining. PSI treatment also resulted in the disruption of the cell cycle at G(2)/M and the induction of apoptosis. Following PSI treatment, the cell cycle-related proteins cyclin B1 and Cdk1 were down-regulated. Expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was increased, while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased. PSI treatment resulted in elevated cytoplasmic cytochrome c and activation of the apoptotic proteases caspase-9 and caspase-3. These data indicate that PS acts as an inhibitor of proli I feration in SGC7901 cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. PSI is a potential therapeutic agent against human gastric carcinoma.

AIM To determine the contents of arillanin A,tenuifoliside A and tenuifoliside C in raw Polygalae Radix (root barks),Polygalae Radix duramen,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-processed Polygalae Radix,waterboiling Polygalae Radix and honey-processed Polygalae Radix.METHODS The analyses of 50％ methanol extracts from samples were performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Kromasil C18 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.1％ formic acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 330 nm.RESULTS The contents of three oligosaccharide esters were the highest in raw Polygalae Radix,followed by those in honey-processed Polygalae Radix,and those in water-boiling Polygalae Radix were the lowest.These constituents also existed in Polygalae Radix duramen,but their contents were lower than those in root barks.CONCLUSION The ester bonds of oligosaccharide esters in Polygalae Radix may be hydrolyzed during processing,followed by the generation of small molecular organic acids.The medication of whole Polygalae Radix (root barks and duramen) can be taken into consideration in clinical practice to reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy.