ObjectiveTo investigate the ultrasonic clinical value of scalpel in abdominal surgery for D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.MethodsA retrospective analysis was made in Zhengzhou University Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital from September 2008 to September 2010 gastric group.The patients were divided into ultrasound knife group and normal operative in 136,including 75 cases using ultrasonic scalpel,61 using cases electric knife.The lymph node dissection time,intraoperative blood loss,the drainage 72 h after were compared between the two groups.Results The average operation time ultrasound knife group was ( 114 ± 35 ) min,the surgery blood loss was ( 110.4 ± 32) mL.The drainage 72 h after operation was (180 ± 24) mL,which were significantly reduced compared with the normal operative group.The difference in detection rate between the two groups was not statric cancer can improve efficiency,reduce trauma,accelerate postoperative recovery,showing good application prospect in radical resection of gastri cancer.ConclusionsUltrasound knife used in D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer can improve efficiency,reduce trauma,accelerate postoperative recovery,showing good application prospect in radical resection of gastric cancer.

Objective To study the protein expression and gene amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(Her-2)in adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction and its association with the clinicopathological features .Methods Immunohistochemical method and fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH) were used to detect Her -2 expression and gene amplification in 80 surgically resected gastroesophageal junction cancer tissue .We further analyzed the relationship between the gastroesophageal junction cancer histolog -ical differentiation ,as well as depth of invasion ,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis .Results Her-2 am-plification of gastroesophageal junction carcinoma by FISH was 22.5%,while the overexpression by IHC was 15%.Her-2 gene amplification and protein overexpression were correlated with the differentiation ,clinical TNM stage,invasive depth and lymph node metastasis of the carcinoma (all P<0.05).Her-2 expression was not asso-ciated with the patients age,gender,invasive depth and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).Conclusion Her -2 protein expression and gene amplification may be a prognostic indicator for the patients with gastroesophageal junction cancer .The joint detection of Her -2 protein expression level and the gene amplification can guide the prognosis and therapy for adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction .

Objective To study the macrophage immune response after the percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) under the ultrasound guide. Methods Eighty-nine cases of primary hepatic carcinoma patients were treated by PMCT. At the time of the fourth week after PMCT and before PMCT, the patients were given percutaneous biopsy under ultrasound guide. And the samples were stained by immunohistochemical methods. Then the infiltration of macrophage on local treatment areas were compared before and after the treatment. Moreover the function of immunocytes were observed by electronic microscope. Results The infiltration of macrophage increased significantly in post-PMCT as compared with that in pre-PMCT. And there were more protuberance from the macrophage and much more lysosome and endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrium observed by electronic microscope. Conclusion The local macrophage cellular immunity can be more improved after the primary hepatic carcinoma treated by PMCT.

Background and purpose:Tumour cell is recognized and rejected by immunocytes.The local infiltration of immunocytes and the clinical curative effect after the percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy(PMCT) is worthy of further study.We investigated the local immune response after PMCT under ultrasound guidance and evaluated if the local immune response had any influence on the prognosis of patients.Methods:89 cases of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were treated by PMCT.At the time of the fourth week after PMCT and before PMCT,the patients were given percutaneous biopsy under ultrasound guidance.And the samples were stained by immunohistochemical methods.Then the infiltration of CD4+、CD57+ and CD68+ of local treatment areas were compared before and after the treatment of PMCT.Meanwhile,the patients underwent follow-up to survey the possibility of recrudescence.Moreover,the authors analyzed the relation between the infiltration of immunocytes and recrudescence.Results:A few CD4、CD57 and CD68 positive cells were observed in the cancer stoma and tissues surroundings the liver before PMCT.After PMCT,the immunocytes of CD4、CD57 and CD68 positive cells were significantly increased both in the cancer and the adjacent liver tissue.These immunocytes were enlarged in size.The infiltration of CD4+、CD57+ and CD68+ increased significantly in post-PMCT as compared with those of pre-PMCT(P

Objective To observe the X-ray appearance and clinical value of galactography.Methods 600 cases of galactorrhea confirmed by pathologly underwent galactography,among them,298 cases were blood type(49.8%),150 cases were serum type(25%),106 were rinsing type(17.7%) and others were 46 cases(7.7%).Results On galactography,the ductsl were divided into 3 groups: 345 cases were foliar type(59%),127 were ramate type(26.2%),87 were trunk type(14.8%).The main radiographic characteristics of lesions were mammary ductal ectasia in 578(96.3%),ductal distortion in 561(93.5%),irregular filling defect in ducts in 349(58.2%),and ductal damage in 39(6.5%).42 cases were breast carcinomas(7%),312 were intraductal papillary tumors(52%),129 were mammary ductal ectasia(21.5%),26 were mammary ductal mastitis(4.3%),49 were proliferous disease(8.2%),25 were mammary cyst(4.2%),17 were negative anamnesis(2.8%).Conclusion Galactography is beneficial in diagnosis of the pathogenesis of galactorrhea.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of CEA, CA19-9, CA242 and CA72-4 four serum tumor markers in colorectal cancer diagnosis, surgery and postoperative evaluation of their. Methods Immunohistochemical assay was used in 80 patients with colorectal cancer and 50 cases of colorectal benign diseases to detect the CEA, CA19-9, CA242 and CA72-4 and other four serum tumor markers, with 2-year follow- up. ResultsFour kinds of serum tumor markers CEA, CA19-9, CA242 and CA72-4 levels in colorectal cancer group were significantly higher than the control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ; levels of the four serum tumor markers in patients in Dukes stages C, D were significantly higher than those in Dukes stages A, B;four serum tumor markers were significantly increased in patients with recurrence of metastasis. Conclusion Combined detection of serum CEA, CA19-9, CA242 and CA72-4 has clinical value in diagnosis, surgical treatment evaluation and monitoring of metastasis and recurrence after surgery of colorectal cancer can improve detection sensitivity and specificity.

BACKGROUND:To seek for ideal scaffold materials is still an important task for cartilage tissue engineering.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application of the AviteneTM microfibrillar collagen hemostat sponge in cartilage tissue engineering.METHODS:Rabbit auricular cartilage was harvested via surgical operation,and primary chondrocytes were isolated and amplified.Microfibrillar collagen hemostat sponge was cut into small bricks.The passage 2 chondrocytes were suspended and seeded onto the spongy bricks.After 1 week of in vitro culture,the constructs were then implanted into nude mice.After 8 weeks,the specimens were collected and evaluated using gross,histological and immunohistochamical observation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During the cell seeding,the scaffold maintained its dimensions.No shrinkage was observed when the cell suspension was added.There was no considerable change in dimensions during the 1-week in vitro culture and at 8 weeks after implantation in nude mice.At 8 weeks post-implantation,mature cartilage blocks were harvested,which were white,translucent,and flexible.Histologically,the constructs appeared to have typical mature cartilaginous tissues,with robust extracellular matrix secretion,in which the microfibrillar collagen was incompletely degraded.We conclude that the microfibrillar collagen is a favorable scaffold material for cartilage tissue engineering.

BACKGROUND:The cell-sheet technology, based on a temperature-responsive culture, has been drawing more and more attention;however, the temperature-responsive culture dish is quite expensive. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a substitutive technique.OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of cell-sheet ulturing using common culture dish, and investigate the chondrogenesis of the cell sheet. METHODS: A piece of nasal septal cartilage was adopted from a patient with deviation of nasal septum to extract primary chondrocytes that were then cultured and amplified. The passage 3 chondrocytes were used to construct ell sheets. Monolayer cell sheet was formed by intensive culturing and allowing the extracellular matrix secretion. Bilayer cell sheet was constructed by seeding passage 2 chondrocytes on the monolayer cell sheet. The cell sheets were harvested using cell scraper, their properties were investigated prior to plantation into nude mice to construct the tissue-engineered cartilage. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Both bilayer and monolayer cell sheets with soft tremellose structures showed no significant difference through naked eyes. The newly harvested cell sheets appeared to have good fluidity and gelation. Eight weeks after mplantation into the nude mice, mature cartilage blocks were obtained. Histologically, the cell sheets were thin films composed by layered chondrocytes and extracellular matrix. Glycosaminoglycan formation and type Ⅱ collagen expressions were observed in the cell sheets cultured in vitro. The explanted samples exhibited ature cartilaginous tissue at 8 weeks after implantation. Biochemical analysis showed that the DNA contents of the neocartilages were higher than those of native human costal cartilage, while the contents of glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline were similar to native human nasal septal cartilage. To conclude, the hondrocyte cell sheets are likely to be constructed and harvested successfully using common culture dish, and the cell sheets exhibit favourable chondrogenesis.

Objective: To observe the morphological changes on cochlear hair cells of rats in simulated weightlessness and inboard noise and to investigate the different changes in three turns of hair cells.Methods: Thirty-two healthy SD rats, all males, were randomly divided into four groups: control group, weightlessness group, noise group and weightlessness+noise groups (n=8).Then rats were exposed to-30° head down tilt as simulated weightlessness and inboard noise including steady-state noise which was (72±2) dB SPL and impulse noise up to 160 dB SPL in spaceship environment.The control group was kept in normal condition for 8 weeks.Bilateral auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds were tested before and after exposure respectively, and immunofluorescence staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEMs) of basilar membrane were applied after exposure.Results: ABR threshold shifts of each group were higher after exposure.There was difference between ABRs of the experiment groups before and after exposure (P<0.05).IF showed that the inner hair cells (IHCs) missing was the main damage in the basal turn of weightlessness group, the hair cells in the middle turn were swell and in the top turn, the hair cells were not clear.In noise group, the main loss happened in the outer hair cells (OHCs) of the outermost layer.In weightlessness+noise group, the nuclear missing in the basal turn was apparent, and mainly happened at the outermost layer.Meanwhile, the missing of hair cells in the middle turn and top turn was seen at the innermost layer.SEM showed that the cilia in the basal turn of weightlessness group were serious lodging, and occasional absence.Furthermore, the basal cilia in noise group became lodged and absent, and the other two turns were seriously missing.And in weightlessness+noise group, the cilia missing in the basal turn was apparently seen.The damage degree of the four groups: weightlessness+noise group>noise group>weightlessness group>control group and the damage degree of the four turns of hair cells: basal turn>mid turn>top turn.Conclusion: The rats exposed to the above environment for 2 weeks displayed obvious changes in cochlea morphology, and the weightlessness+noise group had the most obvious damage.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of simulated noise-weightlessness combined factors on auditory brainstem response thresholds and the cochlear structure after a medium-long term (2-8 weeks). METHODS Healthy adult rats were randomly divided into male/female experimental and control groups. The male and female experimental groups were exposed to simulated noise-weightlessness environment and exerted impulse noise exposure at the end. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold was recorded at the beginning, the 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks and after impulse noise exposure exerting. The cochlea was also examined by scanning electron microscopy each time after ABR threshold record. RESULTS ABR thresholds in experimental groups after impulse noise exposure were significantly increased (P<0.05). Female experimental group were lower than those of the male experimental group at 2 and 4 weeks (P<0.05). Scanning electron microscope observation showed that the inner and outer hair cell were losing and lodging, and the longer exposed to the compound factors, the heavier pathological changes observed on the cochlear hair cell. CONCLUSION Noise-weightlessness combined factors can cause the morphology and function damage of rat cochlear in medium-long term. The damage of impulse noise was more than steady noise on rat auditory function. Sex differences was also observed. Rat cochlear hair cell pathological changes increased with the exposed time.