Objective To investigate the role and clinical significance of RANTES in endometriosis (EM). Methods The serum level of RANTES was examined by ELISA in 50 patients with endometriosis (EM group), 32 patients with benign ovarian neoplasms (disease control group) and 30 normal control women (normal control group). The level of RANTES in peritoneal fluid was examined in EM group and disease control group. Results The serum level of RANTES was significantly higher in EM group (108.73±60.69) ng/L than that of disease control group (31.26±20.33) ng/L and normal control group (29.77 ± 11.58) ng/L (P＜0.05). The level of RANTES in peritoneal fluid was significantly higher in EM group (726.31 ± 259.83) ng/L than that of disease control group (116.19 ± 81.64) ng/L (P＜0.05). The levels of RANTES in serum and peritoneal fluid in EM group were positively correlated with clinical stage respectively (rs=0.501 and 0.562,P＜0.01). The level of RANTES in peritoneal fluid in EM group was positively correlated with dysmenorrhea score (rs=0.527,P＜0.01). The serum level of RANTES was positively correlated with the level of RANTES in peritoneal fluid in EM group (rs=0.363, P＜0.05). The levels of RANTES in serum and peritoneal fluid were positively correlated with inflammatory response degree in endometriotic tissues in EM group (rs=0.326 and 0.391,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion Detection of the serum level of RANTES by ELISA may be one of parameters for diagnosis of endometriosis.

Objective To explore the clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Methods Clinical data of 70 patients with SARS were retrospectively analyzed. Results The age of the patients ranged from 10 to 74 years old (mean age 33.81?12.73 years). Severe type of SARS was diagnosed in 38 patients and 32 as common type of SARS. The most common symptoms included fever(98.57%), malaise(80.00%), cough(74.28%), shortness of breath (55.71%), headache(38.57%). The fever lasted for 7.20?4.57d. Based on the symptoms and chest X-ray examination, the disease was classified into early stage, progressive stage, and recovery stage with a mean duration of 3.19?2.32d, 8.18?4.36d, and 8.82?7.01d, respectively. It was found that the incidence of severe type of SARS was higher with the increase of age. Compared with common type of SARS, the fever in patients with severe type of SARS was more difficult to control (the mean highest fever 38.74?0.97℃, 38.02?0.14℃, respectively). The duration of fever after treatment (4.12?3.19d, 2.37?1.75d, respectively) was longer in the illness course (27.78?9.99d, 14.93?5.80d, respectively). The ALT, LDH and HBDH in patients with severe type of SARS were higher than those in patients with common type of SARS (ALT:78.95%,50.00%, respectively; LDH, HBDH:42.11%, 18.75%, respectively). Advanced age, pre-existing chronic disease, and elevation of LDH and HBDH were the factors of poor prognosis. Combination therapy was the first choice for the treatment of SARS. Empirical use of glucocorticoid was useful in preventing progression of the disease. Conclusion Although severe type of SARS had a high mortality, combination therapy could be very effective in the treatment of the majority of patients.

Internct has provided abundant resources for teaching,but it also brings two challenges,information overload and knowledge fragmentation.Under the environment of Internct,only by efficient course designs,can teachers deal with these two new challenges,and attract students' attentions and motivate their learning interests.Among teaching designs,the design of teaching ‘opening speech’ is quite important.During the course construction of Epidemiology in China Medical University,design strategies on opening speech were explored;the principles of opening speech design were determined.And the opening speeches were designed and cumulated for the teaching modules of Epidemiology.Furthermore,the skills of opening speech design were summarized.

AIM:To study the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP-1) in the lung tissue of the hypercapnia rat.METHODS:Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group (group A,n=20) and hypercapnia group (group B,n=20). Group B received mix gas exposure (6% CO_2,21% O_2,72% N_2) 7 h daily for 4 weeks. The parameters we would examine were as follow:arterial blood gas;the mean pulmonary artery pressure;MMP-2,MMP-9,TIMP-1,and NE activity in lung tissue. Masson pigmentation of elasticity fibre was analyzed by computer image analyzer. Histopathological changes of lung tissue were observed under light microscope. The protein expression of MMP (MMP-2,MMP-9) and TIMP (TIMP-1) in lung tissue were determined by immunocytochemistry.RESULTS:Decompensate respiratory acidosis (pH=7.20±0.04,PaCO_2=7.84±0.15) developed in group B. The mean pulmonary artery pressure were similar between groups B and A (P>0.05). Tissue edema in the lung,endothelial cell damage of the small blood vessels,pulmonary micro thrombus formations and increased pulmonary capillary permeability were observed in group B. NE activity increased significantly (P<0.01). However,no significant change of MMP-2,MMP-9,TIMP-1 activity was found in group B and group A (P>0.05). There was significant decrease in the relative content of elasticity fibre in lung tissue in group B compared to group A (P<0.01). The expression of MMP-2 protein in the lung tissue of group B was lower than that in group A (P<0.01),but the expression of both MMP-9 and TIMP-1 proteins in the lung tissue in group B were higher than those in group A (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Hypercapnia rat model is successfully reproduced by exposure of animals to the mix gas exposure (6% CO_2,21% O_2,and 72% N_2). The pulmonary artery pressure is not affected by hypercapnia. High concentration of CO_2 causes increase of NE activity and decrease in the relative content of elasticity fibre. High concentration of CO_2 causes the increase of MMP-2 protein expression and decrease in the MMP-9 and TIMP-1 protein expression.

Objective To discuss possible mechanism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)coagulation and fibrinolysis dysfunction.Methods Totally 47 healthy controls(Group A)and 38 cases of AECOPD(Group B)were chosen respectively.The plasma levels of vWF,Factor Ⅹ,TF,TFPI,TM,PC,tPA,PAI-1 and D-dimer were measured by ELISA method,and the blood AT-Ⅲ activity was measured by chromogenic assay.The cases of Group B were measured for RBC,WBC,PLT,PH,PaO2,PaCO2,HCO-3,PT,APTT,FBG,and so on.Results The plasma levels of vWF,TF,Factor Ⅹ,t-PA and D-dimer in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A while TM and PC were significantly lower in Group B(P

Objective To investigate the influence of chronic renal disease (CKD) on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and hospitalization.Methods Fifty patients clinically diagnosed as COPD complicating CKD in our hospital from January 2011 to June 2013 were selected as the observation group and 50 patients with CKD-free COPD were taken as a control group.The comparative analysis was performed by retrospecting the data of lung function,exercise tolerance and hospitalization situation in 1 year follow up.Results The mortality rate,total occurrence rate of AECOPD,occurrence rate of severe AECOPD,hospitalization rate,hospitalization time,self-rating test (CAT) score,mMRC dyspnea index,CRP and blood creatinine level in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);FEV1%pred,6MWD and creatinine clearance rate in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);FEV1/FVC had no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion The condition in COPD patients complicating CKD at 1 year after clinical diagnosis is significantly aggravated compared with COPD patients without complicating CKD,and the prognosis for patients complicated with CKD is poorer.

BACKGROUND: Homocysteine(HCY) is emerging as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Its damage to the structure and function of endothelial cell(EC) is seemingly an important mechanism that leads to atherosclerosis.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of HCY on fibrinolysis in elderly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).DESIGN: A case-controlled study based on CHD patients and normal people as control group.SETTING: Department of general internal medicine and department of cardiology in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: The study was completed in the Department of Gerontology Internal Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science. Altogether 177 inpatients and outpatients from this hospital during December 2001 to August 2003 were selected and divided into three groups according to the results of coronary angiography(CAG): CHD group( n = 91 ) with 50 males and 41 females with the mean age of(66 ± 6) years, negative CAG group( n = 86) with 43 males and 43 females with the mean age of(60 ± 6) years, and normal control group( n = 85) with 43 healthy males and 42 healthy females with the mean age of(55± 5) years.METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected. ELISA double antibody method was applied to test tissue-type plasminogen activator(t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and yon Willebrand factor(vWF). HCY was assayed with EIA method and the ratio of PAI-1 to t-PA was calculated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: HCY level, t-PA, PAI-1 and vWF activities, and the ratio of PAI-1 to t-PA.RESULTS: The levels of HCY, PAI-1, PAI-1/t-PA and vWF in CHD group were significantly higher than those in negative CAG group and normal control group( P ＜ 0.01 ); however, the level of t-PA was significantly lower than that in control group( P ＜ 0. 01) . HCY was positively correlated with PAI-1,PAI-1 / t-PA and vWF, while it was negatively correlated with t-PA.CONCLUSION: The increase of serum HCY is accompanied with fibrinolytic dysfunction. HCY is positively correlated with PAI-1 and vWF but negatively correlated with t-PA. Therefore, HCY is a predictor for early coronary lesions,and can provide related laboratory data for the primary prevention and early treatment of CHD.

0.05). Serum IL-10 and IL-10/TNF? ratio in the dead were significantly higher than that in the survivors( P 0.05). Conclusions The septic patients with high serum IL-10 or IL-10/TNF? ratio fared with poor prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of pulsed radiofrequency application to dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) on neuronal Navl.8 expression in a rat model of inflammatory pain.Methods Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),inflammatory pain group (group IP),pulsed radiofrequency group (group PR),and inflammatory pain + pulsed radiofrequency group (group IP+PR).2.5％ formalin 100 μl was injected into the plantar surface of the right hindpaw to induce inflammatory pain.Pulsed radiofrequency was applied on L4,5 DRGs at 42 ℃ for 180 s starting from 4 days after formalin injection.At 1 day before formalin injection (T0),and 1,3,5 and 7 days after formalin injection (T1-4),the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured in the right hindpaw.After the last measurement of pain threshold,the rats were sacrificed,and the DRGs of the L4.5 were removed for determination of Navl.8 mRNA expression (by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) and Nav1.8 protein expression (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C,the MWT was significantly decreased,and the TWL was shortened at T1-4,and the expression of Navl.8 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in IP and IP+PR groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group IP,the MWT was significantly increased,and the TWL was prolonged at T1.4,and the expression of Navl.8 protein and mRNA was down-regulated in group IP+PR (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism bv which pulsed radiofrequency application to DRGs reduces inflammatory pain is probably related to down-regulation of neuronal Nav1.8 expression in rats.

AIM: To establish rat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) models by passive cigarette smoking plus intratracheal instillation of lipopolysacchride(LPS) or passive cigarette smoking only, which would be similar to the pathogenesis of human COPD. METHODS: 48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.(1) Healthy control I group( n =12), rats were bred 4 weeks;healthy control II group( n =12), rats were bred for 3 months. (2) Model group I ( n =12), 200 ?g lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was instilled intratracheally once for every two weeks and the rats were exposured to 5% of cigarette smoke, 0.5 h/d for 4 weeks.(3) Model group II(n=12),rats were exposed to 5% of cigarette smoke, 0.5 h/d for 3 months. The pathologic changes of airways and lung tissues, pulmonary function and blood gas analysis were determined. The airway wall lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages were counted. The cross areas of epithelial layer, smooth muscle layer and lamina propria of bronchi were measured. The hydroxyproline of lung tissue homogenates was determined by biochemistry method. RESULTS: The pathologic changes of airways and lung tissue of two models were similar to but milder than those of COPD patients(biopsy data). The collagen deposition and the cross areas of epithelial layer and smooth muscle layer in airway walls of two model groups were significantly increased than those of control groups( P