AIM: To determine the effect of heptanol on the in vivo heart subjected to ischemia and reperfusion, on the whole-tissue resistance and electrical uncoupling in the isolated rat heart during prolonged ischemia. METHODS: The effect of heptanol at different doses (0.03, 0.06, 0.30, and 0.60 mg/kg) on the intact rat heart during 30 min ischemia (ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery) and 2 h of reperfusion was observed. The effect of heptanol on electrical uncoupling in the isolated rat heart was investigated by measuring the changes in whole-tissue resistance using the four-electrode method. RESULTS: Heptanol reduced infarct size and the severity of arrhythmia during ischemia and reperfusion within a range of doses (0.06-0.60 (mg/kg)). No effect was observed at dose of 0.03 mg/kg and the severity of arrhythmia during ischemia was increased at dose of 0.60 mg/kg. Heptanol at different concentrations (0.05-1.00 mmol/L) delayed the onset of electrical uncoupling and plateau time during prolonged ischemia, and reduced the maximal rate of uncoupling. CONCLUSION: Heptanol conferred cardioprotection on ischemia-reperfusion myocardium. The mechanism may be related to its uncoupling effect.

Objective To discuss the value of urinary trace proteins in evaluating kidney function in the course of diabetes mellitus II rehabilitation.Method To assay level of urinary trace proteins in 50 cases of diabetes mellitus II and healthy control subjects. Result Level of trace proteins in 40 cases with diabetes mellitus ranged between normal values.They showed significantly increased urinary trace proteins(80％ ).Conclusion Urinary trace proteins is a sensible indicator for evaluating kidney function in diabetes mellitus II.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Shuxuening on interleukin 18 (IL-18) in patients with early diabetic nephropathy.METHODS:68 patients with early diabetic nephropathy were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=34).Both groups were given conventional diabetes therapy and oral dose of irbesartan (150 mg,qd).Treatment group were additionally treated with Shuxuening injection 20 mL and sodium chloride injection 250 mL (i.v.qd) for 3 weeks.The levels of IL-18 of 2 groups before and after treatment were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the albumin excretion rate (UAER),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),serum creatinine (Scr) and other indicators were also detected.RESULTS:Compared with before treatment,the levels of IL-18 of 2 groups decreased after treatment (P0.05).CONCLUSION:Shuxuening can inhibit inflammatory cytokines IL-18 in peripheral blood of patients with diabetic nephropathy and have protective effects on kidney,which may be adjuvant therapy for diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the effects of serotonin(5-HT) on the ionic channels currents and membrane potentials of single guinea pig proximate colon myocytes. Methods Cell images before and after contraction were captured and analyzed with an imag e analysis software. Channels currents, action potential (AP) and resting potent ial (RP) were recorded with an EPC-9 amplifier. Results The direct actions of 10 ?mol/L 5-HT to myocytes resulted in followin g effects: Firstly, the exogenous stimulated peak values of AP reduced to 60%?7 .3%(n=7,P

AIM To clarify the mechanism of berberine on mobility diarrhea by investigating the effects of berberine on calcium-activated potassium current I K(Ca) and delayed-rectifier potassium channel current I K(V) of guinea pig colonic smooth muscle cells. METHODS Single guinea pig colonic smooth muscle cells was isolated by collagenase; The effects of berberine on I K(Ca) and I K(V) were detected by using patch clamp technique, under the conventional whole cell patch clamp mode. RESULTS 10, 50, 100 ?mol?L -1 berberine inhibited I K(Ca) of guinea pig colonic smooth muscle cells significantly (P

OBJECTIVE:To explore the efficacy and safety of leflunomide combined with prednison in the treatment of membra-nous nephropathy. METHODS:43 patients with primary membranous nephropathy were randomly divided into control group(21 cas-es) and test group (22 cases). Control group given cyclophosphamide interrupted shocks combined with prednison,test group re-ceived leflunomide combined with prednison,the treatment course for both groups was 12 months. 6 months after the treatment,clini-cal efficacy,changes in renal function and serum lipids indexes before and after treatment,and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate in test group was 63.64%,which was significantly higher than control group (23.81%),the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment,urine protein in 2 groups significantly de-creased,plasma albumin significantly increased,serum creatinine,serum cholesterol,triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein signifi-cantly decreased,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);and the changes of above-mentioned indexes(except blood cholesterol)in test group were more significantly than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The inci-dence of adverse reactions in test group was 9.09%,control group was 9.52%,there was no significant difference between 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Compared with cyclophosphamide interrupted shocks combined with prednison,the efficacy of lefluno-mide combined with prednison in the treatment of membranous nephropathy is more definite,and the improvement of renal function and serum lipids indexes is more obvious.

The effects and the mechanism of insulin treatment on intracellular lipid metabolism in liver of diabetic rats were evaluated. Type 2 diabetic rats were induced by injecting the streptozotocin (25 mg/kg) and fat rich food. According to the results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glucose-induced insulin secretion test (IRT), the rats were divided into two groups: untreated group (UT) and insulin-treated group (IT). Normal rats (NC) served as controls. The treatment with either Humulin N (4--6 U/kg every day), or saline lasted for 4 weeks. Body weight, OGTT, IRT, blood lipids, intracellular lipids in liver, hepatic fatty acid oxidation and the activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) were detected. The change of liver histology was observed. The insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was applied to assess the status of insulin resistance. The results showed that as compared with NC group, the plasma and hepatic intracellular Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acids (FFAs) were increased significantly in UT group (P < 0.05), and lipid droplets could be seen dispersedly in the liver specimens, the hepatic fatty acid oxidation was increased markedly (P < 0.05), while the fatty acid synthase activity decreased (P < 0.05). Insulin treatment resulted in a further accumulation of lipids in liver by 55.7%, 19.87% and 22.2% increase in TG, TC, FFAs respectively. The size of hepatocytes was enlarged and the cells were filled with fat drops. Plasma lipids showed little decrease and still significantly higher than those in NC group after the insulin treatment. Meanwhile, insulin treatment was companied by 20% decrease in the rate of fatty acid oxidation and 31% increase in hepatic FAS activity compared to UT group. It was concluded that treatment with insulin on type 2 diabetic rat increases hepatic intracellular lipid accumulation by inhibiting hepatic fatty acid oxidation and activating FAS.

Objective To investigate differences between Han and Uyghur children in dyslexia prevalence and potential environmental risk factors as well as to provide diagnosis and treatment evidence for dyslexia children . Methods We used cluster sampling to recruit 2 854 students in grades 3~6 from five Uyghur -Chinese bilingual primary schools in Xinjiang province .The children with dyslexia were selected step by step according to the defini‐tion of ICD-10 and DSM -IV .The children with DD and children without DD were selected and compared by 1∶1 of the same class ,ages and genders .Then single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to as‐sess children'environmental risk factors .Results In total ,2 438 effective quostionnaires have been got .The difference between Han (3 .89% ) and Uyghur (7 .05% ) dyslexia prevalence was statistically significant .The factor analysis revealed that educational grades ,family income ,father's and mother's occupations ,and their education levels as well as some home literacy environmental factors were significantly different for the two groups of children with dyslexia (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The prevalence of dyslexia was high in both groups ,and especially for Uyghur children . Some environmental factors may be responsible for the differences noted ,especially for the occupation of mother .

Objective To summarize the clinical features of the allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in children,in order to improve the understanding for ABPA and make early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Methods A retrospective study was performed on ABPA patients diagnosed in Department of Respiratory Medicine,Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from March 2010 to December 2013.The clinical features,laboratory results,image characteristics and the prognosis information were reviewed.Results Eight ABPA cases met the diagnostic criterion.All patients were school-age children (7 years and 2 months to 13 years and 8 months old).Cough (8 cases),productive sputum (8 cases),wheezing (5 cases),fever (4 cases) and hemoptysis (3 cases) were the main clinical features.Six of the 8 patients showed eosinophilia.IgE level was elevated in 7 patients (1.000-5.000 IU/L).All 8 patients were allergic to aspergillus fumigatus,while only 2 cases were positive in sputum culture for aspergillus fumigatus.CT scans showed pulmonary opacities in all 8 cases,while 7 patients had typical central bronchiectasis.Seven patients were treated with the regimen,which included glucocorticosteroid,antifungal agents (voriconazole or itraconazole) and regular bronchoscope.The symptoms of all treated patients relieved,the total serum IgE level and eosinophil cell count decreased spontaneously after the therapy.Conclusions ABPA is rare in children and the clinical features are non-specific.If the patient has elevated total IgE level in serum and eosinophilia,especially in patients with underling diseases,ABPA should be suspected.The positive result of specific antibodies to aspergillus fumigatus and central bronchiectasis on the radiology may give the suggestive diagnosis.ABPA patients generally have good response to the therapy of glucocorticosteroid and antifungal agents.

Objective To investigate the prognostic significance of serum lactate level and lactate clearance rate for critical illness patients.Methods Two hundred and eighty-six patients with hyperlactacidemia were investigated by analyzing the clinical data,laboratory data and outcomes.Comparison of mortality rate and APACHE Ⅱ score between different stratified levels of serum lactate was carried out.The blood pH,HCO3-,BE,and Lac were compared between survivors and non-survivors in terms of in-hospital death in seven days after admission.The above variables of blood gas analysis were studied in patients with severe hyperlactacidemia as well as the different lactate clearance rates and APACHE Ⅱ scores were compared between survivors and non-survivors.The mortality rates and APACHE Ⅱ scores were compared between high and low lactate-clearance rate groups.Results The mortality rates of different stratified levels of serum lactate (≥2,＜4 mmol/L; ≥4,＜ 10mmol/L; ≥ 10 mmoL/L) were 14.04％,46.67％,78.79％,respectively.As the serum level of lactate increased,the decompensation rate of pH,APACHE Ⅱ score and mortality rate increased consequently.Compared with non-survivors,survivors had a higher lactate clearance rate (P ＜ 0.01),and lower APACHE Ⅱ score (P ＜ 0.01).The high-clearance group had lower mortality rate and 6-hour APACHE Ⅱ score compared with the low-clearance group (P ＜ 0.01),but the initiate levels of serum lactate and APACHE Ⅱ scores were not noticeably different between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Serum lactate level had a significant positive relationship with APACHE Ⅱ score (r =0.868,P ＜ 0.01),but lactate clearance rate had a significant reverse relationship with APACHE Ⅱ score (r =-0.823,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Both serum lactate levels and early lactate clearance rate had high prognostic value for critical illness patients,and in combination with changes in APACHE Ⅱ score,they could guide clinical treatment and give precise evaluation of the prognosis.