Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of acute testicular torsion. Methods 17 cases of testicular torsion treated from January 1995 to December 2000 were reviewed.The diagnosis and treatment were analysed. Results The diagnosis of testicular torsion in all the 17 cases was assessed on color Doppler ultrasonics.1 case was cured by manual detorsion,2 by surgical detorsion and orchidopexy,14 by orchiectomy and contralateral orchidopexy.The fertile ability of 4 cases over 18 years old was observed,3 being normal and 1 slightly below normal. Conclusions Color Doppler ultrasonics examination can serve as a chief adjuvant diagnostic method.All cases with a torsion more than 360? and longer than 24 h will have the ipsilateral testicular loss,whereas in case the torsion is less than 360? and less than 24 h have a chance to preserve the testis by surgical detorsion and orchidopexy.

Objective To find out the significance of different radiologieal examinations in the di-agnosis of the prostate carcinoma through studying their radiological misdiagnosis rate. Methods By searching for patients having radiological examination results in the database of prostate carcinoma in Tianjin,got the patients whose examination results were different from prostate carcinoma. Analyzed the misdiagnosis rate of each kind of imaging diagnosis using x2-test retrospectively. Results In all patients searched, the misdiagnosis rate of transabdominal ultrasonography, transrectal uhrasonography (TRUS), CT , MRI was 45.1%, 10.1%, 34.5% and 7.5% respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the misdiagnosis rate of MRI was the lowest, then TRUS, and CT. Transabdominal ultrasonography had the highest misdiagnosis rate. There was not significant difference between MRI and TRUS. Conclusions As an efficient and important screening method, transabdominal ultrasonography still need to get a higher definite diagnosis rate. TRUS don't have obvious advantages over pelvis MRI in the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma except its usefulness in the biopsy of prostate. Pelvis MRI is still the most important imaging diagnosis of prostate carcinoma and should be first choice because of its noninvasive intervention, convenience and lowest misdiagnosis rate.

Objective: To investigate the interference effect of lipofectamine-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) on the expression of PIM-1 gene in prostate cancer cell lines. Methods: Three kinds of recombinant plasmid expression vectors (pP[M]- hRNA-1,-2,-3) were constructed, which can produce shRNA targeting different sequence of PIM-1 mRNA. The recombinant plasmid vectors were transfected into PC-3 cell lines, respectively. RT-PCR and Western blot assay were used to detect the expression of PIM-1 mRNA and protein after transfection. Results: The expression of mRNA and protein of PIM-1 in PC-3 were inhibited significantly at 48h post-transfection. Furthermore, pPLM1- hRNA-2 and pPIM1- hRNA-3 resulted in a stronger silencing effect than that of pPIM- hRNA-1. Conclusion: The recombinant plasmid expression vector which carrying PIM-1 shRNA may remarkably inhibit the expression of PIM-1 mRNA and protein in PC-3 cell lines. The experiment provided the basis for further investigation of the role of PIM-1.

Objective To investigate the effects of preserving continence important structures during Studer pouch surgery. Methods Radical cystectomy and Studer orthotopic neobladder surgeries were performed on 68 male patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer.The anatomic configuration of the rhabdosphincter complex,pudendal nerve supply,and musculofascial support system to the proximal urethra were carefully preserved.The neobladder functions were then evaluated. Results The pathological classification of the 68 patients was as follows:T3a N0M0 in 20 cases and T2N0M0 in 48 cases.The patients were followed up for 6 to 36mon(mean 12 mon).Complete urinary continence was achieved in 67 patients 24 hours a day and the remained one had nocturnal incontinence.Of these patients,59 patients could urinate well without residual urine and the other 9 patients had residual urine of 20 to 30 ml. Conclusions A well-performed Studer pouch should pay specific attention to the anatomic configuration of the rhabdosphincter complex,pudendal nerve supply,and musculofascial support system to the proximal urethra to achieve the goal of maximizing continence preservation.

Objective To evaluate effectiveness of the applying pelvic double-slice retractor in the division of bladder and prostate pedicles in male patients with previous surgery history during radical cystectomy (RC) and anterograde radical prostatectomy (ARP). Methods The pelvic double-slice retractor was used to expose the bladder and prostate pedicles in 43 RC (30 cases with BMI ＞ 28 kg/m2,16 cases had previous partial cystectomy) and 37 ARP ( all cases with BMI ＞ 28 kg/m2 ). Results The pelvic double-slice retractor provided excellent exposure for the division of bladder and prostate pedicles.The handling of bladder and prostate pedicles became easy and safe without unnecessary bleeding and injury to the rectum.The median operating time to control the pedicles during RC and ARP were 12 min and 7 min,and the average blood loss were 30 ml and 20 ml,respectively. Conclusion The use of pelvic double-slice retractor for the exposure of the bladder and prostate pedicles is simple and effective in male patients with complicated pelvic anatomy during RC and ARP.

Objective To evaluate the contribution of puboprostatic ligament-sparing technique in urinary continence after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). Methods A total of 74 men with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent RRP. Of whom, 50 patients were performed pubo-prostatic ligament-sparing technique(group A), while 24 patients were not(group B). Patients were evaluated by independent observer questionnaire to determine their urinary continence status. Results Mean patient age [(61.3±2.4) vs (60.8±2.1)years], serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values [14.3±1.2)ng/ml vs (14.7±1.3) ng/ml], operative time [(110.5±10.4)min vs (109.7±10.6) mini, estimated blood loss [(250.5±23.4) ml vs (253.4±22.3) ml], and positive surgical margin rate (6% vs 8%) were not significantly different between group A and B(P>0.05). The urinary con-tinence rate with the puboprostatic ligament-sparing technique at 1-year follow-up was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Concision The puboprostatic ligament-sparing technique significantly enhances post-operative urinary continence after RRP.

Objective To explore the clinicopathological significance of the presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in the high-grade stage pT1 bladder cancer (BC) after first transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).Methods The retrospective study was performed with 27 patients of high-grade stage pT1 BC after first TURBT from January 2006 to December 2011,and another 54 patients were matched as negative control in terms of gender,age,pathological pattern,grading and staging.All the data were calculated by using SPSS17.0 software.Qualitative variables were compared by using chi-square test.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate total survival and cancer-specific survival and differences were assessed with the Log-rank statistic.Results Twenty-four patients (89％) experienced cancer recurrence in LVI group,while 19 cases (35％) experienced recurrence in control group.Progress developed in 56％ (15/27) and 24％ (13/54) in the 2 groups respectively.LVI was detected to be a prognostic factor for overall recurrence (x2 =20.845,P＜0.001) and progress (x2 =7.887,P =0.005) in patients with high-grade T1 stage BC.Furthermore,overall survival and recurrence-free survival according to the presence or absence of LVI was 54±6 months and 84±3 months,17±5 months and 67±5 months,respectively.LVI was proved to be associated with worse overall survival (x2=13.443,P＜0.001) and recurrence free survival (x2=33.094,P＜0.001).Conclusion In patients with high-grade T1 stage BC,LVI in first TURBT specimens predicts disease recurrence,progression and overall recurrence and recurrence free survival.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the new nanomaterials,polyamidoamine dendrimers PAMAM-D,mediated foreign gene human decay accelerating factor(hDAF) for xenotransplantation transfected pig sperm cells.Methods:PAMAM-D/hDAF cDNA compounds were made.The compounds were divided into 0.2 μg,0.4μg,0.6μg,0.8 μg and 1.0μg groups (each group adding corresponding dose of PAMAM-D in accordance with the N/P ratio 10:1,20:1,40:1),then were digested by restriction enzymes.The compounds were incubated with washed pig sperm cells.Then the transfection efficiency was detected by in situ hybridization in the different groups.Results:The PAMAM-D molecule can prevent electrophoretic migration of DNA in the compound.After digested the compounds by restriction enzymes,DNA can not be degraded.The transfection efficiency was different in different groups.Among the total,the efficiency was higher in both groups of 0.4 μg and 0.6μg than that of others.The top was the group of 0.4 μg linear plasmid plus PAMAM-D when the N/P ratio was 20:1(47.5%±O.2%,167% vs control group).Conclusion:PAMAM-D can improve the efficiency of exogenous gene transfeeted pig sperm cells,which can reinforce the stable binding of exogenous DNA to sperm cells.

Objective:To increase the understanding of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal injury in advanced-aged patients with Parkinson's disease after abdominal surgery.Methods:We report a case of malignant syndrome, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal injury in an 85-year-old patient with Parkinson's disease after abdominal surgery in our department.The diagnosis and successful treatment experience were summarized, and a literature review was conducted.Results:The body temperature was as high as 40.5℃ in this patient, accompanied by stiffness, sustained involuntary shaking, increased muscle tone, serum creatine kinase at 104 615 U/L, tachycardia, low blood pressure, accelerated breathing rate, disturbance of consciousness, excessive sweating and other clinical manifestations, which met the diagnostic criteria for neuroleptic malignant syndrome.The patient had complications including concurrent rhabdomyolysis, acute renal injury and shock.The emergency was resolved after an early diagnosis and proactive treatment.Conclusions:If patients with Parkinson's disease have a high fever with rigidity or sudden aggravation within a short period of time after medication, the possibility of neuroleptic malignant syndrome should be considered and the causes should be screened.

Objective To investigate the value of the application of the fresh first morning midstream urine in cytological study of bladder cancer patients. Methods The results of the fresh first and second morning midstream urine cytological studies for 52 bladder cancer patients were analyzed.Continual three urine samples and single urine sample were treated as study objects respectively. The positive rates in different tumor stages and grades were evaluated. Results The positive rate of overall 52 patients was 78. 8 % (41/52) in fresh first morning midstream urine and 80. 8% ( 42 / 52) in the fresh second morning midstream urine. While in 156 single urine samples, the positive percentages were 56.4%(88/156) and 60. 9% (95/156). The positive rates of the fresh first and second morning midstream urine were 69.7% (23/33) and 72.7% (24/33) respectively in grade 1- 2 patients, and 44.4 % (44/99) and 48. 5 % (48/99) in 99 single urine samples. The positive rates of 42 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients were 73. 8% (31/42) and 76.2% (32/42) in the fresh first and second morning midstream urine, while in 126 single urine samples, the positive rates were 54.8% (69/126)and 57.1% (72/126). There were no significant differences between positive rate of the fresh first and second morning midstream urine in diagnosis of bladder cancer, low grade bladder cancer and nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Conclusion The fresh first morning midstream urine can be used for urine cytological study in the diagnosis of bladder cancer, even in the diagnosis of low stage and low grade bladder cancer.