AIM: To study the effect of IFN-? inhalation on the anti-infection ability of the lungs in the immunocompromised host. METHODS: The immunological factors in the immunocompromised rats and the immunocompromised rats administrated IFN-? via aerosol were investigated after 1, 3, 7 days when they were injected Candida albicans via tracheal The Canidda albicans count of the left lung was also determined after 7 days when injecting pathogen. RESULTS: The Canidda albicans count of the left lung in IFN-? group was significantly less than that of control group. The phagocyting and bactericidal percentages, Ia antigen expression percentages, the levels of TNF-?, IL-1? and IL-6 in the culture supernatant of the AM, the activity of IFN-? and TNF-? in BALF (except the TNF-? on 7 th day) in IFN-? group were markedly higher than those in control group. The expression of IFN-? and IL-1? pulmonary tissues in IFN-? group was higher than that in control group. The expression of TNF-? in IFN-? group was less than that in control group. The expression of IL-6 was no changes between two groups. The levels of IFN-?, IL-1? and IL-6 in the blood (except IL-1? on 3 rd day), and the killing ability of the lymphocytes in blood had no difference between two groups. CONCLUSION: Administration of IFN-? via aerosol obviously enhanced the anti-infection ability of the lungs in the immunocompromised host, but has no influence on the whole body cellular immunity.

The paper is about the systematic studies of biological characteristi cs of indigenous rhizobia isolated from Acacia spp The results showed th at the re were typical characteristics of rhizobia in 15 stains rhizobia isolated and purified from Acacia spp in Guangxi province Their physiological and bio chemic al characteristics were similar The nodules could appeared in Acacia crassic arpa seedlings inoculated with these rhizobia Among these rhizobia there wer e f a st growers and slow growers rhizobia Most of them could utilized inorganic n itr ogen sources Both five monosaccharides and three disaccharides could be utiliz e d as carbon sources except Heimu 1 could not utilized lactose Most of rhizobia produced acid except Zajiao 1,Taiwan 1 and Zhigan 4 stains produced alkai in BT B reaction

Objective To evaluate effect of intensive insulin treatment(IIT)on healthcare-associated infection (HAI)rate in patients with acute stroke and stress hyperglycemia.Methods Databases,including PubMed,Em-base,Cochrane Library,WanFang,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)Data,were electronically searched,relevant journals and references of the included literatures were also searched manually,literatures were selected according to the uniform inclusion and exclusion criteria,incidence of HAI and mean blood glucose in patients who received IIT for acute stroke were assessed systematically.Results A total of 13 randomized controlled trials (RCT)involving 1 032 patients were included in this systematic review.Meta-analysis results showed that 10 studies involving 832 patients were finally enrolled for comparing HAI rate, HAI rates in IIT group and conventional insulin treatment group were 28.3% and 56.1 %,respectively(Z =4.50 ),difference between two groups was statistically significant (RR=0.53 [95 %CI :0.40 to 0.70],P <0.001 );A total of 328 patients in 5 studies were finally included in the comparison of blood glucose,difference in mean blood glucose between two groups was statistically significant(MD =-2.52 [95% CI :-4.30 to -0.74],P =0.006).Funnel plot of HAI rate revealed that there was publication bias.Conclusion IIT is used for the regulation of stress hyperglycemia in acute stroke,it can reduce the incidence of HAI and blood glucose in patients.

Objective To systematically evaluate the application efficacies of the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and venous port access (VPA) during chemotherapy in the patients with malignant tumor.Methods The research data published in CNKI,WanFang Database and Pubmed Database were collected from October 2008 to December 2016.The related researches were screened according to the inclusion criteria.Then the meta analysis was performed by using the Revman Manager 5.3 software.Results Finally 63 articles were included for conducting the meta analysis,involving 11 296 patients.The one-time catheter placing success rate of VPA and PICC was investigated by 30 included articles,and the merged effect showed that the difference had no statistical significance (OR =0.96,95 ％ CI:0.75-1.23,P＞0.05).The analysis results of 16 articles showed that the proportion of the catheter indwelling time ≥ 1 year in the patients adopting VAP was higher than that in the patients adopting PICC (OR =27.17,95 ％ CI:18.08-40.83,P＜0.05).The incidence rate of complications in the patients adopting VPA was lower than that in the patients adopting PICC (OR =0.19,95 ％ CI:0.16-0.22,P＜0.01).The living quality of VPA and PICC was investigated by 11 included articles,which showed that the living quality in the VAP group was significantly higher than that in the PICC group (OR=8.53,95％CI:5.88-12.38,P＜0.05).Conclnsion The indwelling time of VPA during chemotherapy in the patients with malignant tumor is longer,the incidence rate of complications is lower and the patient's living quality is higher.

Objective To observe the effects of 3 neuroprotective measures on the expressions of apoptosis-related factors and their ligands (Fas and FasL) in brain tissue of neonatal rats with hypoxic ischemic brain injury. Methods One hundred and twenty Wistar rats 7 days old were selected as experimental subjects, the rats were divided into four groups: neural stem cell, erythropoietin (EPO), ω-3 unsaturated fatty acid treatment groups and hypoxic ischemic brain damage model group according to random number table method, with 30 rats in each group. Neural stem cell group, EPO group and ω-3 unsaturated fatty acid group were respectively injected with neural stem cells, EPO and ω-3 unsaturated fatty acid, each 5 mL via tail vein after modeling; the hypoxic ischemic brain damage model group was given equal volume of normal saline. At 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after administration of drug, 6 rats were sacrificed in each group, brain tissue was taken, the mRNA expression levels of Fas/FasL, protein expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-1β, IL-6) and cell apoptotic rate in hippocampus tissue were measured. Results ① mRNA expressions: the mRNA expressions of Fas and FasL of the 3 experimental groups were significantly lower than those of the hypoxic ischemic brain damage model group, the degrees of descent after administration for 24 hours were the most significant, neural stem cell treatment group < EPO treatment group < ω-3 unsaturated fatty acid treatment group < hypoxic ischemic brain damage model group [Fas mRNA expression (2-ΔΔCt): 140.5±2.9, 156.4±2.5, 165.2±2.7 vs. 173.7±2.8, FasL mRNA expression (2-ΔΔCt): 143.1±4.3, 154.6±1.5, 160.7±1.4 vs. 174.7±2.8], the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). ② Protein expressions: the protein expressions of TLR4, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 of the 3 experimental groups were significantly lower than those of the hypoxic ischemic brain damage model group (TLR4/GAPDH: 0.7±0.2, 0.6±0.1, 0.2±0.1 vs. 1.4±0.1; NF-κB/GAPDH: 6.7±0.4, 5.3±0.1, 1.1±0.2 vs. 11.2±0.3; TNF-α/GAPDH: 14.3±1.4, 11.2±1.2, 3.2±2.1 vs. 23.2±0.5; IL-1β/GAPDH: 9.4±0.2, 7.4±0.3, 2.2±0.3 vs. 13.4±0.1; IL-6/GAPDH: 36.2±4.4, 39.3±1.5, 26.2±2.1 vs. 51.4±1.4, all P < 0.05), the protein expression levels of above indexes in neural stem cell treatment group < those of EPO treatment group < those of ω-3 unsaturated fatty acid treatment group < those of hypoxic ischemic brain damage model group. ③ Apoptotic rates:after drug administration, the apoptotic rates of the ω-3 unsaturated fatty acid group, EPO treatment group, neural stem cell treatment group were obviously lower than the rate of model group [(3.7±0.3)%, (3.4±0.2)%, (2.5±0.1)% vs. (5.5±0.4)%, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion The mRNA expressions of Fas/FasL in the brain of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage are high, and the treatment with each of the following agents; neural stem cells, EPO and ω-3 unsaturated fatty acid can reduce the mRNA expressions of Fas/FasL in such rats' brain tissues.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety of pitavastatin comparison of atorvastatin in the treatment of primary hypedipemia in Chinese adults,and to provide evidence-based reference for clinic.METHODS:Retrieved from The Cochrane Library,PubMed,Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Wanfang database,and manually search Google Scholar,Baidu academic search engine,randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about pitavastatin (trial group) vs.atorvastatin (control group) in the treatment of primary hyperlipemia in Chinese adults were collected.After literature screening,data extraction,quality evaluation of included studies with modified Jadad scale,Meta-analysis of the levels of total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),response rate and the incidence of ADR was conducted by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software.RESULTS:A total of 5 RCTs were included,involving 456 patients.Results of Meta-analysis showed that the decrease of TC level [MD=0.09,95％CI(0.01,0.16),P=0.03] in trial group was more better than control group,while the increase of HDL-C level [MD=0.08,95％ CI (0.01,0.14),P=0.03] and the decrease of the TG level [MD=-0.13,95％ CI (-0.20,-0.06),P=0.000 4] in trial group were worse than control group,with statistical significance.There was no statistical difference in the decrease of LDL-C[MD=-0.01,95％ CI (-0.13,0.10),P=0.84],response rate [OR=0.75,95％CI (0.15,3.66),P=0.72] or the incidence of ADR [OR=0.68,95 ％ CI (0.44,1.05),P=0.08] between 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS:Pitavastatin has better therapeutic efficacy in decreasing TC,but its therapeutic efficacy in decreasing LDL-C is similar to that of atorvastatin;its therapeutic efficacy in decreasing TG and increasing HDL-C is worse than that of atorvastatin.The safety of them is equivalent.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the levels and influencing factors of phthalate internal exposure in pregnant women (gestation age ≤ 16 weeks).

METHODSDuring April to June in 2013, 1 020 pregnant women (gestation age ≤ 16 weeks) who had established the maternal care manual were recruited in maternal and child health hospital of Siming District, Xiamen city. Participators were asked to complete a questionnaire to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, and antenatal examination and to provide a urine sample. Finally, 998 pregnant women who provided a urine sample and completed the questionnaire were enrolled. Adopting systematic sampling method, 100 ones were selected randomly among 998 pregnant women. High performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandern mass was used to determine the concentration of five phthalate monoesters in each urine, including mono-n-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP). Based on the measurements and questionnaire data, multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the phthalate monoester levels and potential influential factors.

RESULTSThe detection rates of MMP, MEP, MBP, MBzP and MEHP in 100 pregnant urine samples were 94%, 93%, 87%, 83%, 99%, respectively. And the urinary median uncorrected concentrations of MMP, MEP, MBP, MBzP and MEHP in 100 urine samples were 20.56, 17.62, 10.15, 2.03, and 5.12 ng/ml, respectively. Specific gravity-corrected concentration were 20.81, 20.36, 12.88, 2.58, 5.00 ng/ml, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that: education degree was negatively associated with urinary concentration of MMP, MEP, MBP, MBzP and MEHP, OR (95% CI) were 0.495 (0.253-0.966), 0.380 (0.191-0.755), 0.379 (0.186-0.774), 0.401 (0.196-0.819), 0.373(0.183-0.762), respectively. Participants who had hair permed and dyed during pregnancy had higher urinary level of MBP and MBzP, OR (95% CI) were 12.867 (1.240-133.525), 15.982 (1.367-186.911), respectively; Participants who use cosmetics during pregnancy had higher urinary level of MEP and MBP, OR (95% CI) were 2.977 (1.012-8.757), 4.440 (1.485-13.272), respectively; plastic bottled water consumption was positively associated with urinary concentrations of MEP and MEHP, OR (95% CI) were 3.780 (1.417-10.083), 2.699 (1.039-7.010), respectively; annual household income was negatively associated with urinary concentration of MMP, OR (95% CI) was 0.597 (0.372-0.959); individuals who took medications during pregnancy had higher urinary level of MEHP than non-takers, OR (95% CI) was 4.853 (1.084-21.732).

CONCLUSIONPregnant women whose gestation age was less than 16 weeks are generally exposed to phthalate. Phthalate internal exposure levels are significantly associated with most measured factors and the influencing factors with different phthalates internal exposure levels are different.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dibutyl Phthalate ; urine ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Maternal Exposure ; Phthalic Acids ; urine ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

OBJECTIVETo understand the prevalence of informing doctors of the HIV infection status during medical care seeking and influential factors among people living with HIV/AIDS.

METHODSThe study was conducted among people living with HIV/AIDS in 7 provinces in China, including those receiving HIV test, HIV counsel and HIV infection treatment. The data were analyzed with software SAS 9.2. Chi-square test was used to compare the informing rates in patients with different characteristics. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the influential factors.

RESULTSOf the 2 432 HIV/AIDS patients, 49.7% (716/1 442) didn't inform the doctors of their HIV infection status actively. The non-active informing rate was 51.9% (559/1 077) in males, 62.9% (212/337) in age group 18-30 years old, 58.1% (555/955) in those with a educational level >primary school, 65.7% (241/367) in those working in private/joint companies or the self employed and 62.5% (197/315) in those living in small cities. The non active informing rate was highest in those infected through sexual contact (66.3%, 275/415). Multivariate logical regression analysis indicated that those infected through illegal blood donation would like to inform of the HIV infection status actively (OR=0.083, 95% CI: 0.049-0.141) , but those working in private/joint companies or the self employed would like not to inform of the HIV infection status actively (OR=1.531, 95% CI: 1.017-2.304).

CONCLUSIONThe non active informing rate of HIV infection status was high in people living with HIV/AIDS. It is necessary to conduct the targeted health education to encourage people living with HIV/AIDS to inform of their HIV infection status actively.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; Communicable Diseases ; Communication ; Female ; HIV Infections ; Health Behavior ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Prevalence ; Sexual Behavior ; Young Adult