As an important tool in the research of nuclear physics,electron cyclotron stands in an essential position in tumor radiotherapy.The theory of medical microtron is introduced.The theory of medical runway microtron is expressed and its characteristics are compared with electron linear accelerator.

KDD has an abroad application foreground in hospital,espectially in HIS,clinical asistance,detection,and diagnosis.Some research achievements has been applied in hospital diagnosing and treatment.Such aspects of KDD are discussed as manual neural network,fuzzy system evolutionary algorithms,rough set,decision tree,support vector machine,etc.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(2):74-75]

BACKGROUND:At present, there is no relevant systematic research about the effects of ankle-foot orthoses on lower limb muscles. OBJECTIVE:To extract the main features of the surface electromyography signals of the lower limbs from normal people with ankle-foot orthoses and to analyze the effects of the fixed ankle-foot orthoses on lower limb muscle fatigue. METHODS:Each of five male healthy young adults was respectively required to walk with and without special ankle-foot orthoses for three times. (1) Group 1, walking in a nature gait without orthoses. (2) Group 2, walking in a natural gait with ankle-foot orthoses (the ankle center was packaged over 1.0 cm by the orthoses that was recorded 1.0 cm); wearing the same orthoses but 1.0 cm in the ankle was removed and the ankle plastic edge was just through the ankle center to colect the data (recorded as 0 cm); after 1.0 cm was removed again in the ankle, walking in a natural gait (recorded as-1.0 cm). (3) Group 3, wearing 1.5 cm heel-height ankle-foot orthoses and walking in a natural gait; wearing the same orthoses but with 1.0 cm and 2.0 cm heel-height and walking in a natural gait. During walking, surface electromyography signals were colected from the biceps femoris muscle, rectus femoris muscle, tibialis anterior muscle, and gastrocnemius of the lower limbs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Without orthoses, the surface electromyography signals were the weakest. (2) For any muscle, the electrical activity of subjects without orthoses was weaker than that of subjects wearing orthoses at different hardness. (3) For the biceps femoris muscle, the integral electrical value without orthoses was very close to that wearing orthoses with normal heel height. Meanwhile, these two values were lower than that wearing orthoses with abnormal heel height. These findings indicate that the fixed plastic ankle-foot orthoses could cause the fatigue of the biceps femoris muscle, rectus femoris muscle, tibialis anterior muscle, and gastrocnemius; and the orthoses with abnormal heel height can further increase the fatigue of the biceps femoris muscle.

Objective To evaluate the mortality and causes of injury among elderly patients with multiple injuries. Methods All the young (18 to 35 years, n=422) and elderly (60 87years, n=80) patients were evaluated with an abbreviated injury scale score (AIS) injury severity score (ISS).All patients with ISS ≥16 were selected in period 5 year (from January 1995 to January 2000) . Age, sex, mechanisms of injury, mortality, hospitalization, and intensive care treatment were analyzed. Results Traffic accident was the leading cause of injury in both young and elderly groups. Mortality in the young was lower than that in the elderly (14 2% vs 37 5%, P

AIM: To evaluate the effect of luteolin on ulcerative colitis in experimental animals. METHODS: The mouse model of acute colitis was induced by instillation of dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) /alcohol. Luteolin (1, 10 and 50 mg?kg~(-1)) were orally administrated to mice for 3 days. Diarrheas, colon weight index, macroscopic damage in the colon were observed and the activity of MPO and the content of PGE_2 in colon were also examined. RESULTS: The diarrhea and the colon weight in- dex were reduced and the macroscopic damage in the inflammatory colon was effectively attenuated by luteolin. The elevated level of MPO and PGE2 were also significantly decreased. CONCLUSION: Luteolin can effectively inhibit the inflammatory infiltration, bleeding and proliferation in experimental ulcerative colitis.

AIM: To evaluate the protective effect of luteolin on endothelial dysfunction induced by tert-butyl hydro-peroxide (t-BOOH). METHODS: We observed the effect of luteolin on t-BOOH-induced contractions in the aorta rings with or without endot helium, which were incubated with luteolin (10-6 to 10-4 mol/L) for 30 min before determining the concentration-response to t- BOOH. Cultured endothelial cell line (ECV304) was pretreated with different concentrations of luteolin (10-6 to 10-4 mol/L) for 30 min and then exposed to 10 -5 mol/L t-BOOH for 24 hours. Cell morphology was observed , and cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Meanwhile, RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of eNOS and COX-1. RESULTS: Increasing concentrations of t-BOOH produced concentration-dependent cont ractions in aorta rings isolated from rats, luteolin effectively attenuated the contraction in a concentration-dependent manner, and the relaxation response was greater in intact endothelium segments. In MTT and RT-PCR assays, luteolin effectively reduced the cytotoxicity of t-BOOH to endothelium cell and increased the expression of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA, which was greatly down-regulated by t-BOOH. CONCLUSION: Luteolin effectively protects the endothelium from the impairment of oxidative stress, and the protection could be related to its negative modulation towards t-BOOH-induced contractions in the aorta.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of systolic pressure variation (SPV) in monitoring blood volume in patients.Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients (17 male,5 female),aged 49-79 yr,with body height 153-173 cm,weighing 55-89 kg,scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting under cardiopulmonary bypass,were studied.Stroke volume variation (SVV) was monitored based on the arterial pressure wave and SPV measured based on the invasive arterial pressure wave after changing the title.After the chest was closed,the volume load test was immediately carried out.6％ hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 50-80 ml/min was infused via the jugular vein until cardiac index (CI) increased by 10％.HR,mean arterial pressure (MAP),SPV,CI,SVV,stroke volume index (SVI),systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI),central venous pressure (CVP),and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) were recorded in supine position (T1),at 30° head-down tilt before skin incision (T1'),before (T2) and after opening the chest in supine position (T2'),before (T3) and after the volume load test in supine position after closing the chest (T3'),in supine position after skin closure (T4),and at 30° head-down tilt after skin closure (T4').The difference in SPV and SVV (△SPV and △SVV) was calculated.The receiver operator characteristic curve for △SVV and △ SPV in determining blood volume changes was plotted.Results MAP,CVP,PCWP,CI,and SVRI were significantly increased,while SVV and SPV were decreased at T1' compared with those at T1 (P ＜ 0.05).HR was significantly increased,while CVP was decreased at T2' compared with those at T2 (P ＜ 0.05).MAP,CVP,PCWP,and CI were significantly increased,while SVV and SPV were decreased at T3' compared with those at T3 (P ＜ 0.05).MAP,CVP,and PCWP were significantly increased,while SVV and SPV were decreased at T4' compared with those at T4 (P ＜ 0.05).The area under receive operator characteristic curve for △SVV and △SPV in determining blood volume changes was 0.603 and 0.616 respectively,and there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion SPV can accurately monitor the blood volume in patients.

Herba Epimedii (named Yinyanghuo in Chinese) of the family Berberidaceae is one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) recorded in the pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.Total flavonoids of Epimedium (TFE) are considered to be its active components.TFE content was measured by ultraviolet method and its representative constituents,icariin and epimedin C,were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.The test results from 36 samples of 4 species showed that the contents differed significantly in different species.The average data of the summation (icariin and epimedin C) content were 20.83,7.61,14.43,23.29 mg/g in Epimedium pubescens Maxim.,E.koreanum Nakai.,E.brevicornum Maxim.,E.sagittatum (Sieb.Et Zucc.) Maxim.,respectively.Both E.sagittatum and E.pubescens performed better than the other two batches.E.sagittatum hardly has any circulation in Chinese herbal medicine market.The results showed that E.pubescens,which had much more amounts of icariin,epimedin C and TFE than those of other species,has a better quality and may be considered as potential anti-osteoporosis drug.

Objective To study dosimetric characteristics of helical tomotherapy (HT) by comparing its treatment plans with linear accelerator-based step-and-shoot intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). Methods Targets on CT images of 10 NPC patients were delineated and transferred to HT and IMRT treatment plan systems. The prescription dose was 70 Gy/33 f for pGTV and GTVnd,60 Gy/33 f for FTV1 ,and 54 Gy/33 f for PTV2. The limit dose of organ at risk was parotid V35 ＜50% ,brain-stem＜54 Gy,spinal cord ＜45 Gy and lens ＜9 Gy. Data of the two groups were compared by paired t-test. Results The dose distribution, conformality and homogeneity were good in both groups.But the homogeneity index(HI) and Dmean of PTV1 in HT group were better than IMRT group( P ＜ 0.01 ).The Dmean of PTV1 in HT group(63.84 Gy)was lower than IMRT group(70.30 Gy). The Dmean, V35 and V30 of parotids,and the Dmax of larynx-esophagus were lower in HT group than IMRT group. Conclusions Helical tomotherapy treatment plan has a better homogeneity, steeper dose gradient, and a better protection for organs at risk.

BACKGROUND: Microcarrier culture technology has become a new and large scale cell culture technology. It has been mainly used in the amplification research of tissue engineering seed cells. Microcarder possesses the advantage of larger surface area and plays an essential role in microcarrier culture technology.OBJECTIVE: To sum up the biomaterials and methods of microcarrier preparation, and provide theoretical foundation for the study of microcarrier culture technology and tissue engineering.METHODS: Articles were retrieved from PubMed, Wanfang, and VIP databases with the key words of "micrecarrier, biomaterials cell culture, tissue englneering" in both English and Chinese between 1967/2009 and 1990/2009, respectively. Inclusion criteria:study addressing microcarrier materials, preparation, and performance; study of microcerrier cell culture; animal experiments and clinical applications. A total of 34 articles were originally retrieved based on their titles and abstracts.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Although a lot of studies have reported research and preparation of microcarrier, clinical application remains still difficult. Recently, varying materials will be made into novel compound materials by new technology,which can adjust mechanics and biodegredation of microcarder via surface modification.