Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) are safe and effective minimally invasive spinal techniques for the treatment of osteoporotic and pathological vertebral fractures, which are widely used in clinical practice. Cement leakage is the most common complication, which can lead to serious consequences such as adjacent vertebral refracture, pulmonary or cerebral embolism and paraplegia. Clinically, bone cement can penetrate into different sites along different paths, form different morphologies, and present different clinical symptoms. Therefore, an impeccable classification of bone cement leakage is beneficial to study its incidence, risk factors and prevention and treatment measures. So far, domestic and foreign scholars have proposed a variety of bone cement leakage classifications and elucidated its clinical significance despite certain limitations, but no uniform standard is established. Therefore, this review summarizes various classification and risk factors of cement leakage and evaluates their clinical implications, aiming at providing a reference for further clinical studies.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinicopathological significance of matrix metallo-proteinase(MMP-9) and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibiting factor-1 (TIMP-1) in colorectal carcinomas.Methods Immunohistochemistry (PowerVision method) in the paraffin embedded tissue samples was used to deter-mine MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in 42 colorectal carcinomas and its adjacent normal colorectal mucosa.The relationship of their expression with some clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed.Results MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were both significantly overexpressed in colorectal carcinomas compared with its adjacent normal colorectal mucosa(69.1% and 61.9% vs.45.2% and 40.5% ,P =0.009 and P =0.004) ,and MMP-9 was positively associated with the re-gional lymph node metastasis,bowel wall invasion and Dukes stage(rs=0.372,P =0.015;rs =0.372,P =0.015;rs = 0.429,P = 0.005).TIMP-1 was positively associated with Dukes stage, bowel wall invasion and regional lymph node metastasis (rs = 0.394, P = 0.010;rs= 0.382,P = 0.013rs = 0.382, P = 0.013 ).There was a positive corre-lafion between the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 (rs=0.641, P <0.001).Conclusion MMP-9 and TIMP-1 may play a key role in colorectal carcinogenesis.Examination of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression may have an impor-tant significance for evaluating prognosis, predicting of invasion and metastasis and comprehensive therapy.

Pathological pain or clinical pain is caused by tissue and nerve injuries, and is usually chronic and mainly divided into inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. Pathological pain is typically characterized by hyperalgesia (increased responsiveness to noxious stimuli) and allodynia (painful responses to normally innocuous stimuli). The mitogen-activated proteins kinases (MAPKs) are a family of evolutionally conserved molecules that play a critical role in cell signaling, consisting of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which play an important role in neural plasticity of pathological pain. Inhibition of MAPKs alleviates inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain in different animal models. It is very important to study the inhibition of MAPKs as a therapeutic approach to treat pathological pain.

Objective To explore the protective effect of rhG-CSF given intranasally on cerebral infarct rats by observing the neurological dysfunction and the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) in hippocampus of cerebral infarct rats.Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) model rats were established by nylon strand,reperfuse 2 hours later,and give rhG-CSF through subcutaneous and intranasal way.The rats were divided into the nermal group,the sham-operated control group(sham),MCAO group,MCAO+NS given intranasally group(NS),MCAO + rhG-CSF given subcutaneously group,and MCAO + rhG-CSF given intranasally group each group had 6 rats. At the time of 3d after reperfusion,neurological severity scores (NSS) test was performed and the expression of FasL was detected via immunohistochemical staining in collateral hippocampus. Results Neurological dysfunction appeared in all groups except for the normal and the sham group. The dysfunction of the MCAO and the NS group was the most serious,the NSS was the highest(10.20±1.85,10.30±1.76),the number of FasL positive cells was the most(41.17±3.25,41.00±2.76),and there was no obvious difference between the two groups ( P ＞0.05);the NSS and FasL positive cells decreased in the subcutaneous group(5.67±1.32,P ＜0.01;32.67±1.97,P ＜0.01) and decreased further more in the intranasal group(4.00±0.93,P ＜0.05;19.50±1.05,P ＜0.01).Conclusions rhG-CSF given intranasally can relieve the neurological dysfunction of cerebral infarct rats,and brain cells are thereby protected by resisting the expression of FasL.

OBJECTIVE To find out the prevalent distribution and multidrug resistance trend of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus(MRS) and to prevent fulminant prevalence of MRS and opt for effective therapeutic means.METHODS The bacterium was(identified) by the way of API Staph and the TH-16S′s coding tube.The(antimicrobial) susceptibility testing was adoped by ATB-STAPH5 and MRS was examined by dilution and K-B.All statistical analyses were performed using SPLM 3.0 software.RESULTS The isolation rate of meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) and meticillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus(MRCNS) was 38.09%,20.00%and 87.65%,89.00%,(respectively) in 2 years.Along with the age of patients,the infection from MRS was(increasing).The isolation rate of MRSA was 28-26%,but that of MRCNS was more than 80% from S.epidermidis,S.haemolyticus,S.hominis,and S.saprophyticus subsp saprophyticus.All parts of our body can be(infected) by MRS.The more than 30% MRSA were multidrug resistant and the approximately 11.87-13.75% MRCNS were also multidrug(resistant).(CONCLUSIONS) The isolation rate of MRSA from national surveillance(network) is not(different) with that of MRCNS.

Objective To explore the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) gene transfection on the expression level of VEGF-C in human breast cancer MCF-7 cell. Methods The constructed VEGF-C gene eukaryotic expression vector was transfected into the human breast cancer MCF-7 cell by using lipofectamine transfection reagents, and the positive cell clones were obtained through G418 selection after transfection. The expressions of VEGF-C mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Results Following the transfection of the VEGF-C recombination plasmid, there were significant differences on the expression levels of VEGF-C mRNA and protein between pcDNA3.1-VEGF-C transfection group and pcDNA3.1 transfection group (12.382?2.183 vs 6.039?1.950, P

Objective To explore the effect of protein kinase C inhibitor on the level of phosphralated extracellular regulated protein kinases in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of migraine model rats.Methods Healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal group (group C),sham operation group (group C),migraine model group(group M),and H-7group(H-7group),with 18 rats in each group.Dural blood flow and the extracellular discharge frequency in the spinal trigeminal nucleus was recorded.ERK1/2 phosphorylation was tested.Results (1) Dural blood flow:compared with group C((3.8± 1.0)％),the dural blood flow in M group ((78.0±4.2) ％)increased obviously(P＜0.01) ; compared with M group((78.0±4.2)％),the dural blood flow in H-7 group((-24.8±4.9) ％) decreased obviously(P＜0.01).(2) The percentage of extracellular discharge frequency change:two hours after treatment,the percentage of extracellula discharge frequency change in group M ((325.9 ±47.3)％)was higher than that in group C((107.3±16.4)％).The percentage of discharge frequency change in group H-7((136.0±26.5)％) was lower than that in group M((325.9±47.3)％).There was no significant difference in the percentage of discharge frequency change between group H-7((136.0±26.5) ％) and group C((107.3 ± 16.4)％).(2) ERK1/2 phosphorylation:the ERK1/2 phosphorylation in group M was higher than that in group C.The ERK1/2 phosphorylation in group H-7 was lower than than that in group C and group M.Conclusion ERK1/2 is a downstream PKC signal path and PKC may have indirect activation of ERK1/2.

Objective To investigate the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-7 and their elinieopathologieal significance in eoloreetal carcinomas. Methods The expression of MMP-2 mRNA, MMP-7 mRNA and MMP-2, MMP-7 in 42 samples of eoloreetal carcinomas and its adjacent normal eoloreetal mueosa were examined using fluo-rescence quantitative RT-PCR (FQ-RT-PCR) and immunohistoehemistry. The relationship of their expression with some elinieopathologieal characteristics was analyzed. Results MMP-2 mRNA, MMP-7 mRNA and MMP-2, MMP-7 were significantly over-expressed in eoloreetal carcinomas compared with its adjacent normal eoloreetal mueosa( P < 0.05 ) , and they were positively associated with bowel wall invasion, the regional lymph node metastasis and Dukes stage. The expression of MMP-2 mRNA and MMP-7 mRNA was positively correlated with MMP-2 and MMP-7 in eoloreetal eareinornas. Conclusions MMP-2 and MMP-7 may play a key role in eoloreetal carcinogenesis,tumor in-vasion and metastasis. Examination of combined MMP-2 and MMP-7 expression may have an important significance to judge the malignant degree and biological behavior of human eoloreetal carcinoma and for evaluating the progno-sis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of Survivin, p53 and Ki67 in laryngeal carcinoma and the relation with clinical data. METHOD: Immunohistochemical staining (SP) was used to detect expression of Survivin, p53 and Ki67 of 64 cases with laryngeal carcinoma, 26 cases with precancerosis, 34 cases with vocal polyps. RESULT: The positive expression rates of Survivin, p53 and Ki67 were 59.4%, 68.8%, 65.6% respectively in laryngeal carcinoma, which were significantly higher than those in precancerosis and vocal polyps (P < 0.01). The expression of Survivin, p53 and Ki67 in laryngeal carcinoma were significantly statistical different in TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), but were not correlated with patients' ages, the pathological grades, 3 years and 5 years surviving rates (P > 0.05). The expression of Survivin, Ki-67 and p53 was positively correlated (r = 0.607, 0.541, 0.648, P < 0.01) in laryngeal carcinoma. CONCLUSION Survivin, p53 and Ki-67 may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progress of laryngeal carcinoma. They may play synergetic roles in the process of carcinogenesis of laryngeal carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; metabolism ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Larynx ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Polyps ; metabolism ; Survivin ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of needle-sharing behavior among intravenous drug users (IDUs).Methods Data regarding socio-demographics,drug abuse characteristics and HIV related health literacy of 474 heroin IDUs were collected.Antisocial personality disorder of IDUs was diagnosed through Mini international neuropsychiatric interview.Results The prevalence of needle sharing among IDUs was 53.8％.Needle-sharing behavior of IDUs was significantly associated with male gender,marital status of being single and separated/divorced,local dwelling,an early age of first drug abuse and antisocial personality disorder (OR =1.11 ～ 6.69,P＜0.05).Conclusion Heroin IDUs have high prevalence of needle sharing.A comprehensive social,behavior and psychology based intervention is needed to effectively prevent HIV infection in IDUs.