Health Promotion ; methods ; Humans ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Occupational Health ; United States

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for rapid determination of organic fluorides in the air of a fluorine chemical plant using portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS).

METHODSStandard samples of monochlorodifluoromethane, tetrafluoroethylene, and hexafluoropropylene of different concentrations were prepared by static volumetric method with high-purity nitrogen as the diluent gas. The samples were injected into the GC-MS by a hand-held probe. Retention time and characteristic ion were used for qualitative analysis, and the area of selected ion peak was used for quantitative analysis. The standard curves were then created for quantitative determination of the three organic fluorides.

RESULTSThe linear ranges for monochlorodifluoromethane, tetrafluoroethylene, and hexafluoropropylene by the method were 0.39-7.72, 0.45-8.84, and 0.61-12.20 mg/m3, respectively, the average recovery rates for the three concentrations were 102.8%, 96.0%, and 106.5%, respectively, and the average deviations were 2.1%, 5.1%, and 2.4%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe portable GC-MS can be used for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of monochlorodifluoromethane, tetrafluoroethylene, and hexafluoropropylene in the workplace air, and the method is simple, fast, and accurate.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane ; analysis ; Fluorides ; analysis ; Fluorocarbons ; analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Workplace

Objective To investigate the value of galactography in the diagnosis with nipple discharge.Methods 40 cases of galactography with nipple discharge proved by clinic and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were normal ducts in 7 cases, simple duct dilatation in 17 cases, breast duct dilatation accompanied chronic mastitis in 4 cases, breast duct dilatation accompanied hyperplasia in 2 cases, intraductal papilloma in 8 cases, ductal carcinoma in 1 case and abscess of the breast in 1 case.Conclusion Breast galactography plays important roles in diagnosis and differentiation of the breast disease with nipple discharge, and provides significant information for clinical department.

Objective To identify shortcomings in the current evaluation index system of medical quality. Methods The documentary analysis focused on the existing index system comprises the Hospital Management and Quality Evaluation Standards (2007) by China Hospital Association, Hospital Management Evaluation Guidelines (2005) by the Ministry of Health, and Implementation Rules of Hospital Management Evaluation Standards for Beijing (2007). JCI Accreditation Standards for Hospitals (edition 2) (2003), and New Hospital Accreditation Standards for Taiwan (2005, 2006) were referred to in the study. Results The shortcomings found include the weak operability of indexes, and the deficiency of evaluation indexes from the point of hospital visiting process by patients. Conclusion In view of the hospital visiting process of patients, add more indexes for patients' hospital visiting process,and quantize and highlight the operability of indexes, with summary and optimization of experiences in time by steps.

Dimethylformamide ; poisoning ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Young Adult

Acetylcysteine ; urine ; Humans ; Hydrocarbons, Brominated ; metabolism ; urine

Objective To investigate prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among the married women aged 25-54 years in Beijing.Methods With method of cross sectional survey,6339 married women at age of 25 to 54 years were selected randomly in 137 communities of 12 districts or counties in Beijing from March 2007 to September 2008.The cervical smear cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of cervical secretion were detected.Women with abnormal cervical cytology were underwent colposcopy and cervical biopsy.Results Among 6339 women,9.58% (607/6339) cases had abnormal cytological results,the colposcopy and cervical biopsy showed the rate of CIN was 5.84% (370/6339) in total selected women and 60.96% (370/607) in women with abnormal cervical cytology,including 4.65% (295/6339) in CIN Ⅰ,0.80% (51/6339) in CIN Ⅱ,0.38% (24/6339) in CIN Ⅲ; 0.06% (4/6339)in early invasive carcinoma (SCC).Based on geographical distribution,the rate of cervical lesions was 4.46% (42/942) in urban areas,6.27% (188/3000) in suburbs and 6.01% (144/ 2397) in outer suburbs (P > 0.05).Conclusion It was found that the incidence of CIN was 5.84% in married women aged 25-54 years in Beijing,which did not show significant prevalence in urban,suburb and outer suburbs region.

Objective To investigate high risk factors associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in married women aged 25 to 54 years in Beijing. Methods From Mar. 2007 to Sep.2008, 6339 married women at age of 25 to 54 years were selected randomly by cross sectional survey in a total of 137 communities of 12 districts or counties in Beijing. The interview was carried out with unified questionnaires, gynecological examination. The cervical smear cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection of cervical secretion were detected. Women with abnormal cervical cytology underwent colposcopy and cervical biopsy. Odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of related high risk factors with CIN were studied by logistic regression analysis. Results Among 6339 women, the prevalence rate of CIN including 4 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was 5. 90% (374/6339). By multinomial regression analysis, HR-HPV infection (95% CI: 9. 953 - 15.811 ), History of trichomonas vaginitis (95 % CI: 1. 046 -2. 104), oral contraceptives (95% CI: 1. 087 - 1. 806), age less than 45 years old ( 95% CI: 1. 069 -1. 828) were related with CIN. Conclusion Infection rate of HR-HPV is an independent risk factor of CIN, however, the history of trichomonas vaginitis, oral contraceptives and age less than 45 years old are related risk factors of CIN.

To increase the rescue competency of residents, also the critical thinking, team dynamics, and the capability to handle with emergencies, Shanghai East Hospital developed a rescue course integrated with 24 standardized simulation cases learning and medical simulation education for residents training pro-gram. The instructor candidates should complete the simulation training and pass the instructor certification. Every course was monitored by the course director to ensure the teaching quality. After two and a half years of practice, it is found that the teaching of case teaching and simulation teaching is better than traditional teaching, and it plays an important role in the security of medical security.

Objective T o observe the expression changes of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (H IF-1α) and vascular endothelial grow th factor-A (V E G F-A ) in rats w ith arrhythm ias, and to explore the differences of the expression pattern in the tw o indicators of acute m yocardial ischem ia caused by arrhythm ias and coronary insufficiency. Methods T he arrhythm ia w as induced by C aC l2, and the expression changes of H IF-1α and V E G F-A w ere detected by im m unohistochem istry, W estern blotting and real-tim e PC R w ithin 6 h after the arrhythm ia in rats. Results T he expression of H IF-1α and V E G F-A show ed diffuse in the m yocardial tissue of rats died from arrhythm ias. B oth of them increased in the early arrhythm ia, then decreased. E xtensive m yocardial ischem ia happened at the beginning of arrhythm ia occurrence and its range didn't expand w ith tim e. Conclusion T he expressions of H IF-1α and V E G F-A in m yocardium of the rats w ith arrhythm ia can provide evidence for the differential diagnosis of acute m yocardial is-chem ia caused by fatal arrhythm ia and coronary insufficiency.