Health Promotion ; methods ; Humans ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Occupational Health ; United States

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for rapid determination of organic fluorides in the air of a fluorine chemical plant using portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS).

METHODSStandard samples of monochlorodifluoromethane, tetrafluoroethylene, and hexafluoropropylene of different concentrations were prepared by static volumetric method with high-purity nitrogen as the diluent gas. The samples were injected into the GC-MS by a hand-held probe. Retention time and characteristic ion were used for qualitative analysis, and the area of selected ion peak was used for quantitative analysis. The standard curves were then created for quantitative determination of the three organic fluorides.

RESULTSThe linear ranges for monochlorodifluoromethane, tetrafluoroethylene, and hexafluoropropylene by the method were 0.39-7.72, 0.45-8.84, and 0.61-12.20 mg/m3, respectively, the average recovery rates for the three concentrations were 102.8%, 96.0%, and 106.5%, respectively, and the average deviations were 2.1%, 5.1%, and 2.4%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe portable GC-MS can be used for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of monochlorodifluoromethane, tetrafluoroethylene, and hexafluoropropylene in the workplace air, and the method is simple, fast, and accurate.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane ; analysis ; Fluorides ; analysis ; Fluorocarbons ; analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Workplace

Objective To identify shortcomings in the current evaluation index system of medical quality. Methods The documentary analysis focused on the existing index system comprises the Hospital Management and Quality Evaluation Standards (2007) by China Hospital Association, Hospital Management Evaluation Guidelines (2005) by the Ministry of Health, and Implementation Rules of Hospital Management Evaluation Standards for Beijing (2007). JCI Accreditation Standards for Hospitals (edition 2) (2003), and New Hospital Accreditation Standards for Taiwan (2005, 2006) were referred to in the study. Results The shortcomings found include the weak operability of indexes, and the deficiency of evaluation indexes from the point of hospital visiting process by patients. Conclusion In view of the hospital visiting process of patients, add more indexes for patients' hospital visiting process,and quantize and highlight the operability of indexes, with summary and optimization of experiences in time by steps.

Objective To investigate the value of galactography in the diagnosis with nipple discharge.Methods 40 cases of galactography with nipple discharge proved by clinic and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were normal ducts in 7 cases, simple duct dilatation in 17 cases, breast duct dilatation accompanied chronic mastitis in 4 cases, breast duct dilatation accompanied hyperplasia in 2 cases, intraductal papilloma in 8 cases, ductal carcinoma in 1 case and abscess of the breast in 1 case.Conclusion Breast galactography plays important roles in diagnosis and differentiation of the breast disease with nipple discharge, and provides significant information for clinical department.

Dimethylformamide ; poisoning ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Young Adult

Acetylcysteine ; urine ; Humans ; Hydrocarbons, Brominated ; metabolism ; urine

Six atrazine-degrading strains, Pseudomonas spp. AD1, AD2, AD6, Agrobacterium sp. AD4, Xanthomonas AD5, and Erwinia sp. AD7, were isolated from industrial wastewater. These strains are able to grow on atrazine as sole nitrogen source. Strain AD1 is able to degrade atrazine of 0. 3g/L in minimal medium at a percentage of 99.9% in 72 hours. PCR products that are homologous to the atrazine chlorohydrolase gene atzA)from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP were obtained by PCR method using total DNA of the strains AD1 ,AD4,AD5,AD6,and AD7 as templates.

Fatal anaphylactic shock is common in forensic practice. However, it is difficult to diagnose for lacking specific pathological and morphologic changes in forensic autopsy. The application of some biochemical indicators is of great significance. This paper reviews the biological characteristics of some biochemical indicators and detection methods. The forensic application, problems and prospects of these indicators are also introduced in details. The stable biochemical indicators, IgE, tryptase and chymase, show great potential and advantages in the identification of fatal anaphylactic shock in forensic medicine.

Objective To explore the changes of serum IgE and tryptase caused by anaphylactic shock rats and discuss the relation to PMI and preservative environm ent of corpse and specim en. Methods Rats were used for establishing anaphylactic shock m odels and random ly divided into room tem perature group, refrigeration group, frozen group, manual hem olysis group, specim en preservation group. And the control group was also established. The blood sam ples were collected after rats were sacrificed. The de-gree of hem olysis was graded according to the color of the upper layer of the serum . The mass concen-tration of IgE and tryptase in each group was detected by ELISA. Results The levels of serum IgE and tryptase in anaphylactic shock dead rats were higher than that of the control group. Room tem perature and frozen m ade obviously differences on the levels of serum IgE and tryptase with various PMI. The levels of serum IgE and tryptase in refrigeration group show ed relatively stable. The levels of serum tryptase and IgE were elevated with differently increasing hem olysis. The levels of serum IgE and tryptase show ed no obvious changes during the specim en kept under different tem perature conditions for 25 days. Conclusion Serum IgE and tryptase obviously increased in anaphylactic shock rats. H ow ever, the levels were influenced by PMI and environm ental tem perature, especially under the conditions of room tem perature and frozen.

Objective To investigate high risk factors associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in married women aged 25 to 54 years in Beijing. Methods From Mar. 2007 to Sep.2008, 6339 married women at age of 25 to 54 years were selected randomly by cross sectional survey in a total of 137 communities of 12 districts or counties in Beijing. The interview was carried out with unified questionnaires, gynecological examination. The cervical smear cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection of cervical secretion were detected. Women with abnormal cervical cytology underwent colposcopy and cervical biopsy. Odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of related high risk factors with CIN were studied by logistic regression analysis. Results Among 6339 women, the prevalence rate of CIN including 4 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was 5. 90% (374/6339). By multinomial regression analysis, HR-HPV infection (95% CI: 9. 953 - 15.811 ), History of trichomonas vaginitis (95 % CI: 1. 046 -2. 104), oral contraceptives (95% CI: 1. 087 - 1. 806), age less than 45 years old ( 95% CI: 1. 069 -1. 828) were related with CIN. Conclusion Infection rate of HR-HPV is an independent risk factor of CIN, however, the history of trichomonas vaginitis, oral contraceptives and age less than 45 years old are related risk factors of CIN.