Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a large class of syndromes caused by cerebrovascular risk factors, clinical or asymptomatic cerebrovascular disease from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Its incidence is increasing, however, its pathogenesis remains uncertain, and the effective therapeutic means are lacking, Therefore, all aspects of research are increasingly receiving attention. This article mainly reviews the advances in research on vascular cognitive impairment from the concept, typing, diagnosis, prevention and treatment.

Objective To study the relationship between portal hypertension(PHT) and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)mRNA expression in rats.Method An animal model of PHT induced by partial portal vein constriction was established to detect the expression of HO-1mRNA in the liver,spleen, and splenic vein of rats by situ hybridization method. Result HO-1mRNA was not detected in the liver, spleen, and splenic vein in the control group. In PHT rats, HO-1mRNA was not detected in the liver;but in the spleen,the expression of HO-1mRNA was 83.3%;in the splenic vein,the expression was 55.6%. Conclusions The PHT rat is in stress condition.The expression of HO-1mRNA in the spleen and splenic vein of PHT ratsare increased and the metabolic product of HO-1 may exacerbate the PHT.

Previous studies have shown that expression of the interferon-sensitive gene (ISG)I5 protease UBP43 is increased in the liver biopsy specimens of patients who do not respond to interferon (IFN)-α therapy. We hypothesized that UBP43 might hinder the ability of IFN to inhibit HBV replication. In this study, we investigated whether vector-based siRNA promoted by Hi (psiUBP43) could enhance IFN inhibiting HBV replication in cell culture. UBP43 was specifically silenced using shRNA. In HepG2.2.15 cells, the HBeAg and HBV DNA levels were significantly reduced by IFN after transfection of shRNA, imphicated that vector-based siRNA promoted by HI (psiUBP43) could enhance IFN inhibiting HBV replication in cell culture. These data suggest that UBP43 modulates the anti-HBV type I IFN response, and is a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of HBV infection.

OBJECTIVETo clarify the relationship between the loss of expression of the deleted in pancreatic carcinoma locus 4 (DPC4) proteins and the pathogenesis of biliary tract carcinoma.

METHODS71 primary biliary tract carcinoma (BTCa), including 38 common bile duct (CBD) carcinomas, 18 gallbladder carcinomas, 15 hilar bile ducts (HBD) carcinomas were examined by immunohistochemical staining. In addition, the CBD carcinomas were divided into two groups: tumors with metastasis (M(+) group, 27 cases) and tumors without metastasis (M(-) group, 11 cases).

RESULTSThe frequency of loss of the expression of DPC4 protein was 32.8% in BTCa, 47.3% in CBD carcinoma, 11% in gallbladder carcinoma, 13% in HBD carcinoma. Comparison of the frequency of loss expression of DPC4 was significant statistical difference in CBD carcinoma versus gallbladder carcinoma and HBD carcinoma (P < 0.01). The frequency of loss expression of DPC4 was 48.1% in the M(+) group and 45.4% in the M(-) group.

CONCLUSIONThere are a close relationship between pathogenesis of BTCa and inactivation of DPC4 and different frequencies of DPC4 gene alternation in various locations of the biliary tract, which are not significantly increased with tumor metastasis in BTCa.

To better understand the effect of a new split variant of human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR H1b) on ASGPR ligands' binding ability, we established a functional cell line which expresses ASGPR. The full lengths of ASGPRH1a and H2c fragments from human liver were amplified by reverse transcript PCR (RT-PCR) and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2EGFP, pCDNA3.1 (Zeo+) respectively. The recombinants were co-transfected into HeLa cells. After selection by using Neocin and Zeocin, a stably transfected cell line was established, which was designated 4-1-6. The transcription and expression of ASGPRH1a and H2c in 4-1-6 were confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The endocytosis function of the artificial "ASGPR" on the surface of 4-1-6 was tested by FACS. It was found that the cell line 4-1-6 could bind ASGPR natural ligand molecular asialo-orosomucoid (ASOR). After the eukaryotic plasmid H1b/pCDNA3.1 (neo) was transfected into cell line 4-1-6, H1b did not down-regulate the ligand binding ability of ASGPR. The eukaryotic expression plasmid H1b/pcDNA3.1 (neo) and H2c/pcDNA3.1 (neo) were co-transfected transiently into Hela cell. Neither single H1b nor H1b and H2c could bind ASOR. In conclusion, a functional cell line of human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) which expresses both H1a and H2c stably was established. The new split variant H1b has no effect on ASGPR binding to ASOR. ASGPRH1b alone can't bind to ASOR, it yet can't form functional complex with ASGPRH2c.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by E. granulosus is a serious helminthic zoonosis in humans, livestock and wildlife. Xinjiang is one of high endemic province for CE in China. A total of 55 sheep and cattle livers containing echinococcal cysts were collected from slaughterhouses in Changji and Yining City, northern region of Xinjiang. PCR was employed for cloning 2 gene fragments, 12S rRNA and CO1 for analysis of phylogenetic diversity of E. granulosus. The results showed that all the samples collected were identified as G1 genotype of E. granulosus. Interestingly, YL5 and CJ75 strains were the older branches compared to those strains from France, Argentina, Australia. CO1 gene fragment showed 20 new genotype haploids and 5 new genotype haplogroups (H1-H5) by the analysis of Network 5.0 software, and the YLY17 strain was identified as the most ancestral haplotype. The major haplotypes, such as CJ75 and YL5 strains, showed identical to the isolates from Middle East. The international and domestic trade of livestock might contribute to the dispersal of different haplotypes for E. granulosus evolution.
Abattoirs ; Animals ; Argentina ; Australia ; Cattle ; China ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Echinococcosis ; Echinococcus granulosus ; Echinococcus ; France ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Haploidy ; Haplotypes ; Helminths ; Humans ; Liver ; Livestock ; Middle East ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sheep

The objective of this study is to express the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) H1 and H2 subunits of Marmota himalayan in vitro, and develop polyclonal antibodies against the recombinant proteins. RT-PCR was used to amplify ASGPR CRDH1 and CRDH2 from the liver tissue of Marmota himalayan. The products of amplification were subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pRSET-B, and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3)plysS. The recombinant proteins were purified using Ni-NTA spin column. The purified proteins were inoculated into BALB/c mice to develop polyclonal antibodies. The sensitivity and specificity of antibodies were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining (IHC). The polyclonal antibodies showed high sensitivity and specificity against both denaturated and native ASGPR proteins. We successfully amplified and expressed the ASGPR CRDs of Marmota himalayan. The nucleic sequences of ASGPR CRDH1 and CRDH2 of Marmota himalayan have been submitted to Genbank and the sequence ID are DQ 845465 and DQ845466, respectively. The proteins and antibodies prepared can be used for targeting gene therapy in a new animal model-Marmota himalayan-for the research of infectious diseases of hepatitis viruses and liver cancer treatment.

Objective:To investigate the pathogenic gene of the two pedigrees with hereditary synpolydactyly.Methods:Clinical data of two families admitted to the Linyi People’s Hospital due to hereditary synpolydactyly in January 2019 and December 2020 were recruited. Peripheral blood samples were collected and genomic DNAs were extracted. Whole exome sequencing was conducted to detect the pathological mutations and Sanger sequencing was used to verify the variants. The pathogenicity of the mutations was predicted according to PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN and the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines.Results:There were a total of 5 patients (2 males and 3 females) in family 1. The proband was an 8-year-old girl, showed syndactyly of the third and fourth fingers of the right hand with webbed fusion and distal fingernail fusion. The rest of the fingers and feet were normal. There were a total of 4 patients (all females) in family 2. The proband was a 4-year-old girl, and showed the interlocking of the third and fourth fingers on both hands and the lateral curvature of the indicator finger. Two mutations of the homeobox D13(HOXD13) gene, c. 917G>A and c. 917G>T were detected and co-segregated with the disease phenotype in two affected families. Moreover, the variant of c. 917G>T is a novel missense mutation of the HOXD13 gene. According to ACMG guidelines, c. 917G>A meets the criteria of pathogenic variation (PS1+ PS4+ PM1+ PM2+ PP3) and c. 917G>T meets the criteria of likely pathogenic variation (PM2+ PM5+ PP3+ PP4).Conclusion:The HOXD13 gene c. 917G>A and c. 917G>T mutations are identified to be responsible for hereditary synpolydactyly in these two families.

Objective:To investigate the pathogenic gene of the two pedigrees with hereditary synpolydactyly.Methods:Clinical data of two families admitted to the Linyi People’s Hospital due to hereditary synpolydactyly in January 2019 and December 2020 were recruited. Peripheral blood samples were collected and genomic DNAs were extracted. Whole exome sequencing was conducted to detect the pathological mutations and Sanger sequencing was used to verify the variants. The pathogenicity of the mutations was predicted according to PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN and the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines.Results:There were a total of 5 patients (2 males and 3 females) in family 1. The proband was an 8-year-old girl, showed syndactyly of the third and fourth fingers of the right hand with webbed fusion and distal fingernail fusion. The rest of the fingers and feet were normal. There were a total of 4 patients (all females) in family 2. The proband was a 4-year-old girl, and showed the interlocking of the third and fourth fingers on both hands and the lateral curvature of the indicator finger. Two mutations of the homeobox D13(HOXD13) gene, c. 917G>A and c. 917G>T were detected and co-segregated with the disease phenotype in two affected families. Moreover, the variant of c. 917G>T is a novel missense mutation of the HOXD13 gene. According to ACMG guidelines, c. 917G>A meets the criteria of pathogenic variation (PS1+ PS4+ PM1+ PM2+ PP3) and c. 917G>T meets the criteria of likely pathogenic variation (PM2+ PM5+ PP3+ PP4).Conclusion:The HOXD13 gene c. 917G>A and c. 917G>T mutations are identified to be responsible for hereditary synpolydactyly in these two families.

To better understand the effect of a new split variant of human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR Hlb) on ASGPR ligands' binding ability, we established a functional cell line which expresses ASGPR. The full lengths of ASGPRH 1 a and H2c fragments from human liver were amplified by reverse transcript PCR (RT-PCR) and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector plRES2EGFP,pCDNA3.1 (Zeo+) respectively. The recombinants were co-transfected into HeLa cells. After selection by using Neocin and Zeocin, a stably transfected cell line was established, which was designated 4-1-6. The transcription and expression of ASGPRHla and H2c in 4-1-6 were confirmed by RT-PCR,Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The endocytosis function of the artificial "ASGPR" on the surface of 4-1-6 was tested by FACS. It was found that the cell line 4-1-6 could bind ASGPR natural ligand molecular asialo-orosomucoid (ASOR). After the eukaryotic plasmid H lb/pCDNA3.1 (neo)was transfected into cell line 4-1-6, Hlb did not down-regulate the ligand binding ability of ASGPR.The eukaryotic expression plasmid Hlb/pcDNA3.1 (neo) and H2c/pcDNA3.1 (neo) were co-transfected transiently into Hela cell. Neither single Hlb nor Hlb and H2c could bind ASOR. In conclusion, a functional cell line of human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) which expresses both Hla and H2c stably was established. The new split variant Hlb has no effect on ASGPR binding to ASOR. ASGPRHlb alone can't bind to ASOR, it yet can't form functional complex with ASGPRH2c.