Objective:To investigate the correlation between root and root canal diameter of maxillary central incisors and age by cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT).Methods:CBCT images of 420 cases of Chinese Han population were divided into 7 age groups as follows:1 5 -24,25 -34,35 -44,45 -54,55 -64,65 -74 and 75 -84(n =60).Root diameter and root canal diameter of maxillary central incisors at the 3 /4 level from the cemenal-enamel junction(CEJ)to root apical were measured.Linear-regression a-nalysis was used to analyze the correlation between root and root canal diameter of the teeth and age,T-test was used to examine the gender difference.Results:Mean root diameter(mm)of the teeth in males and females were 5.81 ±0.445 and 5.53 ±0.489(P <0.05),mean root canal diameter(mm)1 .20 ±0.396 and 0.96 ±0.236(P <0.05),mean of the ratio of root canal diameter and root diameter of the teeth 0.21 ±0.072 and 0.1 7 ±0.043(P <0.05)respectively.There were negative correlations between the ratio of root canal diameter and root diameter of the teeth with age (R2 =0.576,P <0.05).Conclusion:The ratio of root canal diameter and root diameter of maxillary central incisors is negitively correlated with age in Chinese Han population.The decrease of root canal diame-ter in males is more significant than that in females.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of ultrasound markers in screening fetal trisomy 21.Methods From Jan.2001 to Dec.2011,a retrospective study about sonographic information of 138 fetuses diagnosed as trisomy 21 was taken in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.All fetuses were divided into 3 groups:isolated ultrasound markers,non-isolated ultrasound markers,and isolated structural malformations or other abnormalities.The relationship between trisomy 21 and ultrasound markers as well as structural anomalies or other abnormalities was analyzed.Results Sonographic anomalies were detected in 132 fetuses(95.7％,132/138),including ultrasound markers and structural malformations or other abnormalities.One hundred and twenty cases(87.0％,120/138)had ultrasound markers,38(31.7％,38/120)had one marker and 82(68.3％,82/120)had more than one marker (P ＜ 0.01).Fifty-one fetuses(37.0％,51/138)had isolated ultrasound markers and non-isolated markers were found in 69 fetuses(50.0％,69/138).Only 12 fetuses(8.7％,12/138)had isolated structural malformations or other abnormalities.In 20 fetuses on whom the first-trimester ultrasound screening were performed,all had ultrasound markers,95％(19/20)had thickened nuchal translucency and 55％ (11/20)had nasal bone hypoplasia.The most common ultrasound markers on the second-trimester screening were nasal bone hypoplasia,which accounted for 41.9％(52/124)cases,followed by thickened nuchal fold (25.0％,31/124),short fenurs and humerus(24.2％,30/124),echogenic intracardiac focus(16.1％,20/124),mild ventriculomegaly(15.3％,19/124),hyperechoic bowel(12.9％,16/124),mild renal pyelectasis(12.1％,15/124).Furthermore,thc common structural malformations or other abnormalities were as follows:cardiac defects(33.1％,41/124),digestive system(26.6％,33/124).Condusions Ultrasound markers are valuable for screening fetal trisomy 21.The fetuses of trisomy 21 usually had more than one ultrasound markers or associated with other abnormalities.Combinations of ultrasound markers with the results of serum screening and maternal age are necessary for evaluation.

Objective To investigate the prenatal diagnosis and phenotypic assessment strategies for fetal supernumerary marker chromosomes and derivative chromosomes. Methods Five cases of fetal supernumerary marker chromosomes and one case of fetal derivative chromosomes were diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from March 12, 2010 to November 9, 2012 by conventional chromosome banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and spectral karyotyping (SKY). These cases were retrospectively reviewed. Combined with the results of ultrasonography, abnormal phenotypes and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated in these cases. Results All of the five supernumerary marker chromosomes were de novo, in which two were mosaic and the remaining three cases were non-mosaic. Of these five cases, two were type 47, XX+mar and ultrasound indicated abnormal phenotypes. FISH and SKY confirmed that they were derived from chromosome 4 and 22, respectively. The other three cases were marker chromosome with Turner syndrome karyotype (abnormal phenotypes were not found by ultrasound), in which two cases were derived from chromosome Y (by FISH) and one case was identified as ring chromosome X (by FISH and SKY). One de novo derivative chromosome was verified as a product of reciprocal translocation between chromosome 2 and 6 (by FISH and SKY). Induced abortion was performed in all cases between 25 and 32 gestational weeks. Conclusions By combining conventional chromosome banding, FISH and SKY, the origin and content of supernumerary marker chromosomes and derivative chromosomes can be identified. On this basis, clinical phenotype evaluation and genetic counseling may be offered with the ultrasonographic result.

【Objective】 To investigate the epidemiology of HTLV by conducting HTLV nucleic acid detection among voluntary blood donors, so as to provide basis for the decision making of blood screening strategy. 【Methods】 The HTLV blood nucleic acid(NAT) screening platform was established based on the existing NAT for HBV / HCV / HIV screening. HTLV (type 1 + 2) detection was carried out in 5 368 blood donors, and the results were analyzed. 【Results】 No NAT-yielding of HTLV- 1, -2 type was found in a total of 5 368 voluntary blood donor from January to August 2019. 【Conclusion】 Qianxinan, currently, is very low epidemic or non epidemic as none of HTLV infections was found among blood donors and no significant differences in the epidemiology of HTLV were notable between the counties and cities. It, however, still needs further investigation in the future.

OBJECTIVETo explore the reason for discordant results of karyotyping and microarray analysis in a fetus with mosaic tetrasomy 9p.

METHODSAmniocentesis was carried out for a pregnant woman with advanced age for whom ultrasound scan has indicated fetal ventricular expansion, intrauterine growth retardation and persistent upper venous cavity. G-banded karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism-based arrays (SNP-array) analysis were performed at the same time.

RESULTSAnalysis of amniocytic chromosome has suggested mosaic tetrasomy 9p (47,XX,+psu idic(9)(q21)[23]/46,XX[27]). While SNP-array has detected a non-mosaic trisomy 9p with a 68.7 Mb duplication at 9p24.3q21.11. The results of the two methods were therefore discordant.

CONCLUSIONSNP-array will analyze genetic material in the form of numbers rather than morphology. For chimeras containing two types of cell lines, when the mosaic rate was close to 50% and the average amount of genetic material of the chimeras was equivalent to the amount of genetic material of non-chimeras, microarray analysis may come to the conclusion of a non-mosaic heteroploidy. Therefore, microarray results for large segment chromosome abnormalities should be combined with the results of G-banded karyotyping for genetic counseling.

Adult ; Amniocentesis ; methods ; Aneuploidy ; Chromosome Banding ; Chromosome Disorders ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Mosaicism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Trisomy

OBJECTIVETo analyze a fetus with heart defects and to assess the recurrence risk for her family.

METHODSSingle nucleotide polymorphism-based arrays (SNP-Array) analysis using Affymetrix Genome Wide Human SNP CytoHD was performed to analyze the fetus and her parents. Karyotype analysis was also carried out.

RESULTSSNP-Array has detected a 14.5 Mb duplication at 9p and a 14.7 Mb deletion at 11q. Karyotype analysis indicated that the fetus' mother has a karyotype of 46, XX, t(9;11) (p23;q24). Therefore, the fetus has inherited a derivative chromosome 11 derived from the maternal translocation, and her karyotype was 46, XX, der(11) t(9;11) (p23;q24) mat.

CONCLUSIONSNP-Array combined with high resolution GTG banding has confirmed that the fetus has a derivative chromosome 11 derived from her mother's balanced translocation, resulting in partial 9p trisomy and partial 11q monosomy. This couple therefore have a high recurrence risk. SNP-Array is capable of detecting small chromosomal imbalance in abnormal fetuses and can pinpoint the breakpoints. It therefore has the advantage for the detection of unbalanced translocation which is difficult to detect with GTG banding, which is important for assessment the recurrence risk for cryptic balanced translocation carriers.

Adult ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; genetics ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Translocation, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between fetal lateral ventriculomegaly and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) abnormalities.

METHODSFifty fetuses with lateral ventriculomegaly detected by ultrasound and a normal karyotype were included. Forty four fetuses were classified as mild ventriculomegaly (MVM), in which the lateral ventricular atrium was 10-15 mm. Six had severe ventriculomegaly (SVM), with the lateral ventricularatrium being ≥ 15 mm. The fetuses were also divided into isolated (n= 21) and non-isolated groups (n= 29) based on whether they are associated with other anomalies.

RESULTSThirteen (26%) of the fetuses were found to be abnormal by CMA. For the 44 cases with MVM, 9 (20.9% ) were found to be abnormal, while for the 6 cases with SMV, 4 (66.7%) were found to be abnormal (P>0.05). CMA abnormalities were found in 2 (9.5%) of the 21 fetuses with isolated ventriculomegaly group and 11 (37.9%) of the 29 fetuses with non-isolated ventriculomegaly group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONChromosome microdeletions and microduplications are the most common abnormalities found in fetal lateral ventriculomegaly. When ventriculomegaly is associated with other anomalies, the incidence of CMA abnormally is much higher. Prenatal diagnosis is necessary for fetuses with lateral ventriculomegaly.

Adult ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Duplication ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; genetics ; Lateral Ventricles ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Microarray Analysis ; methods ; Pregnancy ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism and diagnostic method for monochorionic-diamniotic twins discordant for karyotype analysis. METHODS Dual amniocentesis was performed on five pairs of monochorionic-diamniotic twins, which all consisted of a normal twin and one with multiple malformations revealed by ultrasound. Karyotype analysis was performed on amniocytes derived from each of the twins. Zygosity was also determined with DNA extracted from amniocytes with 16 polymorphic microsatellite markers. RESULTS Three cases of 45,X, one case of 47,XX,+9 and one case of 47,XY,+18 were detected among the abnormal twins, while the normal fetuses all had a normal karyotype. DNA analysis suggested that, in all cases, the twins have shared the 16 polymorphic microsatellite markers, which confirmed their monozygosity. CONCLUSION Monochorionic-diamniotic twins may be discordant for karyotyping, for which anaphase lagging, chromosomal non-disjunction and trisomy rescue may be the underlying reasons. As a simple method, dual amniocentesis can be used to obtain amniotic fluid samples for karyotype analysis and determination of zygosity for such twins.
Adult ; Amniocentesis ; Chromosome Banding ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Twins, Monozygotic ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore genetic etiologies of a patient with severe oligozoospermia and asthenozoospermia.

METHODSG-banded karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to characterize the origin and structure of the abnormal chromosome discovered in this patient. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect microdeletion of azoospermia factor (AZF).

RESULTSG-banding revealed a karyotype of 45,X,der(15) (?::p11.2→ qter)dn for the patient. Dual-color FISH confirmed that SRY gene was present in a segment attached to the short arm of chromosome 15. Sex chromosome mosaicism and numerical abnormality therefore were both present. Dual-color FISH revealed karyotype of nuc ish(DXZ1× 1, SRY× 1)[390/400]/(DXZ1× 2, SRY× 1) [10/400]. Four-color FISH showed that the abnormal chromosome 15 has derived from a pseudodicentric (Y;15) translocation, and that the breakpoint on Y chromosome was located at Yq12. G-banding and FISH results confirmed that the karyotype was 45,X,der(15)(?::p11.2→ qter)dn.ish psu dic(15;Y)(p11.2;q12)(D15Z1+ , SNRPN+ , PML+ ; SRY+ , DYZ3+ , DYZ1+ ). Microdeletion of AZFc combined with sY254 deletion was detected by multiplex PCR.

CONCLUSIONCytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis of the patient has indicated meiotic disturbances with spermatogenetic arrest resulting from a pseudodicentric chromosome derived from Y;15 translocation and spermatogenesis dysfunction resulting from partial deletion of AZFc region.

Adult ; Asthenozoospermia ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; Cytogenetics ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Oligospermia ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Translocation, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo analyze a fetus presenting with complex heart defect and assess the recurrence risk.

METHODSConventional karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and single nucleotide polymorphism-based array (SNP-array) were used to analyze the fetus and his parents.

RESULTSSNP-array has detected a 6.9 Mb microdeletion at 1p36.33-p36.23 in the fetus. Chromosomal and FISH analyses indicated that the father of the fetus had a karyotype of 46,XY,t(1;14)(p36.3;p12), and that the fetus has inherited an abnormal chromosome 1 derived from the paternal translocation.

CONCLUSIONSNP-array combined with GTG banding and FISH can help to detect cryptic translocation, microdeletion or microduplication of chromosomes and is valuable to assess the recurrence risk for the affected family.

Adult ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; genetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis